Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah was Malaysia's first prime minister. He led Malaya to independence from Britain in 1957 and served as prime minister until 1970. Tunku Abdul Rahman studied in England and helped establish the Malay Society of Great Britain. He played a key role in the formation of Malaysia through his leadership of the United Malays National Organization and the Alliance Party. Tunku Abdul Rahman is remembered as the "Father of Independence" for his role in establishing an independent Malaya and later Malaysia.
Kerajaan Malayan Union dibentuk oleh orang British bertujuan untuk menggabungkan Negeri-Negeri Selat, Negeri-Negeri Bersekutu dan Negeri-Negeri tidak bersekutu di bawah satu pemerintahan. Malayan Union dikenali dengan Prinsip Jus Soli iaitu hak kerakyatan kepada semua orang.
Peristiwa 13 Mei pada tahun 1969 adalah rusuhan kaum yang berlaku sebagai kemuncak masalah perpaduan di Malaysia. Tragedi ini yang mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa serta harta benda dan mempunyai kaitan yang rapat dengan "Pilihan Raya Umum 1969" merupakan satu titik hitam dalam sejarah negara Malaysia.
Bab-4- Pensejarahan-berbentuk-undang-undangfiro HAR
Dokumen tersebut membahasikan undang-undang tertulis pada zaman Kesultanan Melayu di Semenanjung Malaysia. Ia menjelaskan beberapa undang-undang penting seperti Hukum Kanun Melaka dan Undang-undang Laut Melaka yang mengandungi peraturan dan hukuman pada zaman itu. Dokumen ini juga menyoroti pengaruh Islam dalam undang-undang tempatan walaupun tradisi setempat masih dipertahankan.
Dokumen tersebut menyoroti sejarah perkembangan sukan bola jaring dari asalnya diperkenalkan di Amerika Syarikat hingga kini, termasuk penubuhan badan-badan antarabangsa dan nasional yang mengawalselia sukan ini serta pencapaian Malaysia dalam arena antarabangsa."
Tunku Abdul Rahman was the first Prime Minister of Malaya and Malaysia. He played a pivotal role in leading Malaya to independence from British rule in 1957 and the formation of Malaysia in 1963. As Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya from 1955-1957, he established the multi-racial Alliance Party and led them to victory in the 1955 election, paving the way for independence negotiations with Britain. In 1956, he led a mission to London and successfully negotiated for Malaya's independence, which was achieved on August 31, 1957 with Tunku Abdul Rahman becoming the first Prime Minister. He would go on to serve as Prime Minister of unified Malaysia from 1963-1970. Tunku Abdul Rahman
Tun Abdul Razak was the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, leading the country from 1970 to 1976. He was educated at Malay College and Raffles College. During World War II, he helped organize the Anti-Japanese Malay Resistance Movement in Pahang. As Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, he effected major policy changes with long-term implications for Malaysia's multiethnic population. He received a law degree from Lincoln's Inn and was a prominent student leader in the UK.
Kerajaan Malayan Union dibentuk oleh orang British bertujuan untuk menggabungkan Negeri-Negeri Selat, Negeri-Negeri Bersekutu dan Negeri-Negeri tidak bersekutu di bawah satu pemerintahan. Malayan Union dikenali dengan Prinsip Jus Soli iaitu hak kerakyatan kepada semua orang.
Peristiwa 13 Mei pada tahun 1969 adalah rusuhan kaum yang berlaku sebagai kemuncak masalah perpaduan di Malaysia. Tragedi ini yang mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa serta harta benda dan mempunyai kaitan yang rapat dengan "Pilihan Raya Umum 1969" merupakan satu titik hitam dalam sejarah negara Malaysia.
Bab-4- Pensejarahan-berbentuk-undang-undangfiro HAR
Dokumen tersebut membahasikan undang-undang tertulis pada zaman Kesultanan Melayu di Semenanjung Malaysia. Ia menjelaskan beberapa undang-undang penting seperti Hukum Kanun Melaka dan Undang-undang Laut Melaka yang mengandungi peraturan dan hukuman pada zaman itu. Dokumen ini juga menyoroti pengaruh Islam dalam undang-undang tempatan walaupun tradisi setempat masih dipertahankan.
Dokumen tersebut menyoroti sejarah perkembangan sukan bola jaring dari asalnya diperkenalkan di Amerika Syarikat hingga kini, termasuk penubuhan badan-badan antarabangsa dan nasional yang mengawalselia sukan ini serta pencapaian Malaysia dalam arena antarabangsa."
Tunku Abdul Rahman was the first Prime Minister of Malaya and Malaysia. He played a pivotal role in leading Malaya to independence from British rule in 1957 and the formation of Malaysia in 1963. As Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya from 1955-1957, he established the multi-racial Alliance Party and led them to victory in the 1955 election, paving the way for independence negotiations with Britain. In 1956, he led a mission to London and successfully negotiated for Malaya's independence, which was achieved on August 31, 1957 with Tunku Abdul Rahman becoming the first Prime Minister. He would go on to serve as Prime Minister of unified Malaysia from 1963-1970. Tunku Abdul Rahman
Tun Abdul Razak was the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, leading the country from 1970 to 1976. He was educated at Malay College and Raffles College. During World War II, he helped organize the Anti-Japanese Malay Resistance Movement in Pahang. As Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, he effected major policy changes with long-term implications for Malaysia's multiethnic population. He received a law degree from Lincoln's Inn and was a prominent student leader in the UK.
Tun Abdul Razak was the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, leading the country from 1970 to 1976. He was educated at Malay College and Raffles College. During World War II, he helped organize the Anti-Japanese Malay Resistance Movement in Pahang. As Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, he effected major policy changes with long-term implications for Malaysia's multiethnic population. He received a law degree from Lincoln's Inn and was a prominent student leader in the UK.
Hari kemerdekaan is the independence day of malaysiaLOGHA ANBARASU
Hari Kemerdekaan, or Independence Day, is celebrated annually in Malaysia on August 31st to commemorate the country's independence from British rule in 1957. It marks the formation of Malaysia and is celebrated throughout the country with parades, festivities, and displays of national pride. The holiday commemorates the efforts of early Malaysian leaders like Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj who negotiated with Britain for independence and proclaimed it on August 31st, 1957 after years of work to establish a new Malaysian constitution and defeat communist threats.
This document discusses the roles and strategies of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) political party in Malaysia. It provides background on UMNO, including that it was established in 1946 to oppose the Malayan Union and advocate for Malay rights and sovereignty. UMNO shifted to political participation after independence and formed a coalition called the Alliance that governed Malaysia from 1957 to 1963. The strategies that UMNO used to influence voters included establishing the country's independence, protecting special Malay rights and privileges, and expanding Malaysia to include Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak in 1963.
Abdul Razak Hussein was the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, ruling from 1970 to 1976. He was born in Pekan, Pahang in 1922 and studied at Malay College Kuala Kangsar. As Prime Minister, Razak introduced the New Economic Policy to promote equitable economic development and established Rukun Negara as the national philosophy. He is recognized for his contributions to education, rural development, and strengthening Malaysia's international relations. Razak passed away in 1976 due to leukemia and is remembered as Bapa Pembangunan, the Father of Development.
Political events that led to the creation of modern day Malaysia, from pre-colonial times to the 2010s.
For our Southeast Asian Politics class (comparative politics).
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Tunku Abdul Rahman was Malaysia's first prime minister from 1957 to 1970. He was affectionately known as "Tunku" and was born in 1903 in Alor Setar, Kedah. Tunku excelled in his studies as a child but enjoyed games more. He was sent to study in Bangkok at age 10 but returned to Malaysia after two years when his brother passed away. Tunku later received a scholarship to study in England at Cambridge University, where he was inspired to fight for equality and independence from British rule.
The document provides background on the events leading up to the May 13, 1969 racial riots in Malaysia. It summarizes that political tensions were rising after the opposition gained success in the 1969 election. UMNO youth and leaders schemed to force a regime change by approving an opposition celebration that they expected would lead to violence. Their expectations were realized, as racial riots broke out in Kuala Lumpur on May 13, leaving the government weakened and transitioning power to a new leadership.
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The document summarizes a speech given by Atty. Alex Lacson about the role of libraries and librarians in nation-building. The key points are:
1. Librarians play an important role in fostering transformational change and should provide a venue for fellowship to remind themselves of this role.
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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was an Indian scholar and nationalist who made significant contributions to the Indian independence movement. He served as the first education minister of independent India. As education minister, he established several important educational institutions and worked to expand access to education. Azad was a prolific writer who authored several influential books and played a pivotal role in uniting Hindus and Muslims during the independence struggle. He is remembered as one of the leading Indian nationalists and received the Bharat Ratna for his contributions to the nation.
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1) Lee Kuan Yew was one of the founders and the first secretary-general of the People's Action Party (PAP). He went on to become Singapore's first prime minister from 1959 to 1990.
2) Lee formed the PAP in 1954 to gain independence from British colonial rule. The PAP won a majority in 1959 elections and Lee became prime minister.
3) After initially merging with Malaysia in 1963, Singapore separated two years later due to political and racial tensions. Lee worked to establish Singapore's security and develop its economy in the post-independence period.
1. QUICK FACTS
• NAME: Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid
Halim Shah
• OCCUPATION:Prime Minister
• BIRTH DATE:February 08, 1903
• DEATH DATE:December 06, 1990
• PLACE OF BIRTH: Alor Setar, Malaysia
• PLACE OF DEATH: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
more about Tunku
BEST KNOWN FOR
Tunku Abdul Rahman was chief minister of the Federation of Malaya (1955–1957),
the first prime minister of an independent Malaya (1957–1963), and the prime
minister of Malaysia (1963–1970).
Synopsis
A Malayan governmental figure since graduating from college, Tunku Abdul Rahman
became his country’s first prime minister and foreign minister after it gained its
independence, continuing in that post when the federation of Malaysia was formed in
1963.
CONTENTS
• Synopsis
• Early Years
• Professional Life
• A Life In Politics
• Malayan Independence
2. Early Years
Tunku Abdul Rahman was born February 8, 1903, in Alor Setar, Kedah, in Malaya, a
country then under British control. He was the twentieth child of Sultan Abdul Hamid
Halim Shah and Che Manjalara, the sultan’s fourth wife. In 1913, he went to study at
Debsurin School in Bangkok, and in 1919, he was awarded a scholarship to further
his studies at Cambridge University. After a lengthy trip from Singapore aboard a
cargo ship, during which he contracted malaria, Tunku disembarked in the village of
Little Stukeley, England. He graduated from Cambridge in 1925 and returned in 1926
for an honors degree in law. He sat for the bar exam in 1930 but failed to complete a
section of the test and therefore did not pass on this first try.
Professional Life
In 1931, Tunku Abdul Rahman received an appointment as a cadet to the Kedah civil
service and was later an assistant district officer in Kulim. In 1933, he passed the
cadet's law exam on his first attempt, and finally, in 1939, he retook the English bar
exam he had failed nine years before and passed. In 1949, he was called to the bar
and was then named deputy public prosecutor in the Malayan Federal Legal
Department, a position he left in 1951 to embark upon a political career.
A Life In Politics
Abdul Rahman became president of the United Malays National Organization
(UMNO) and spearheaded the alliance between the UMNO and the Malayan
Chinese Association (1951) and that of the UMNO and the Malayan Indian Congress
(1955). His Alliance Party won a sweeping majority in the election of 1955, and
Abdul Rahman became the first chief minister of Malaya. In August, he used his first
broadcast as chief minister to declare his determination in seeking independence
from Britain without bloodshed.
Malayan Independence
In January 1956, Abdul Rahman led a mission to London to negotiate for Malayan
independence, in the end securing immediate self-government for Malaya and the
promise of independence by August 1957. That promise was kept, and Abdul
Rahman became independent Malaya’s first prime minister (a post he would retain
when the Federation of Malaysia, which consolidated the countries of Malaya,
Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak under one umbrella, was formed in 1963). At
midnight on August 30, he stood at the flagpole in Merdeka Square, in Kuala
Lumpur, when the Union Jack was lowered for the last time and the new Federation
flag was raised.
In September 1970, with his power slipping and Singapore gone from the Federation
for five years, Abdul Rahman relinquished his post as prime minister. He died in
1990 at the age of 87.
3. Abdul Rahman Tunku Biography
Known as "the Tunku" in Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman (1903-1990) was the first prime
minister of the Federation of Malaya, and later of Malaysia. He was considered the "father of
the nation."
For decades Malaysians have referred to their country's first prime minister, Tunku Abdul
Rahman, simply as "the Tunku." The title, literally meaning "my lord, " is shared by several
other Malay aristocrats; but it is a clear indication of his stature as "father of the nation" that
only Tunku Abdul Rahman is "the Tunku."
Tunku Abdul Rahman was 54 years old when, on August 31, 1957, he accepted from the
Queen's representative documents which formally granted independence and sovereignty to
the Federation of Malaya. His life up to that point had prepared him well for a position of
national leadership. His father was the Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, whose reign in Alor
Star, capital of the state of Kedah, spanned a period of 61 years.
Kedah is one of nine Malay states which Great Britain had controlled, along with the "Straits
of Settlements" of Singapore, Malacca, and Penang, since early in the 19th century. In
furtherance of their objective of developing tin mines and rubber plantations, the British
encouraged immigration of laborers from China and India while protecting the indigenous
Malay culture and institutions. This paternalistic policy made it possible for Tunku Abdul
Rahman to study at Cambridge for the better part of 12 years, beginning when he was 16
years old.
While in England the Tunku helped establish and became secretary of the Malay Society of
Great Britain. This experience, and his subsequent tenure with the Kedah state civil service,
foretold his participation in the slowly developing and moderate Malayan nationalist
movement. Upon returning in 1949 from another stay in England, during which he completed
his legal studies, Tunku Abdul Rahman became chairman of the Kedah Branch of the United
Malays National Organization (UMNO), the political party which served as the major vehicle
of anti-colonial sentiment. When the Tunku accepted the national presidency of the UMNO
in 1951 he became the leading exponent of Malayan nationalism.
Communal Tensions a Persistent Problem
Malaya's large Chinese and Indian populations were not assimilated into Malay culture, and
the uneasy relations among Malays, Chinese, and Indians have been a fundamental and
persistent societal problem. The Tunku is credited with devising the formula whereby
political organizations representing the Chinese and Indian communities joined with UMNO
to constitute the Alliance Party. The Alliance, or, as it came to be called after other parties
were invited to join it in the early 1970s, the National Front, was the government party after
4. independence. Its most one-sided electoral victory occurred in 1955 in the first federal
elections, when 51 of 52 elected representatives were Alliance candidates.
In the years leading up to independence the Tunku was involved in government efforts to
suppress a Communist insurgency known as "the emergency." The fact that the Malayan
Communist Party, which abandoned guerrilla tactics in the early 1960s, had a predominantly
Chinese membership aggravated interethnic tensions. In 1969 the simmering communal
conflict boiled over when, in the aftermath of parliamentary elections, bands of armed
Malays and Chinese attacked one another and generally caused considerable property damage
and some loss of life. It was the most severe crisis of the Tunku's tenure as prime minister,
and he described the anguish it caused him in his book May 13: Before and After. Although
neither he nor any other person could engineer racial harmony and prevent violence, Tunku
Abdul Rahman strove for conciliation. As one authoritative account put it, he was "liked and
respected by members of all communities and considered honest, fair, and tolerant."
Foreign Affairs a Major Activity
Once Malaya became independent the British sought to disengage from other colonial
territories in the region. By 1963 it had been determined that this would be achieved through
the concept of Malaysia, which by then was strongly supported by Tunku Abdul Rahman. In
September 1963 Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah were joined together in the new
nation-state of Malaysia. In that form it was short-lived, for the UMNO leadership felt that
Singapore's well-organized political elite was excessively ambitious. In August 1965 the
Tunku informed first Lee Kuan Yew, prime minister of Singapore, and then the Malaysian
Parliament that Singapore was being separated from Malaysia and would become an
independent nation-state.
Neither the separation of Singapore nor the bitterly anti-Malaysia position adopted by
Indonesia's President Sukarno prevented Tunku Abdul Rahman from pursuing a policy of
regional cooperation. Having participated in the establishment of the Association of
Southeast Asia in 1961, the Tunku supported the expansion of the association in 1967 to
include Singapore and Indonesia. The organization thus formed, the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations, joined those two countries with Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and,
later, Brunei in a vigorous and durable regional grouping. In addition, the Tunku's
commitment to constructive participation in the British Commonwealth as well as his active
interest in international Islamic affairs established the basic parameters of Malaysian foreign
policy.
In 1970 Tunku Abdul Rahman relinquished the leadership of UMNO, and with it the position
of prime minister, to his close associate, Tun Abdul Razak. After his retirement the Tunku's
ability to enjoy certain of his favorite forms of recreation, such as golf and travel, was
impaired by physical problems, but he took conspicuous pleasure in time spent with his
family. As the "grand old man" of Malaysian public affairs, he also made occasional public
appearances, such as his speech dedicating the new Malaysian Chinese Association
headquarters building in early 1983. He also wrote a weekly newspaper column under the
title "As I See It" and thus continued to add to his enormous influence on political and social
life in Malaysia.
5. Tunku, who led Malaysia in winning independence from Britain in 1957 and served 13 years
as its first prime minister, died Dec. 6, 1990. He was 87.
Further Reading on Abdul Rahman Tunku
Two biographical accounts provide information on the Tunku's early life and political career.
They are Harry Miller, Prince and Premier (1959), and Willard Hanna, Eight Nation Makers:
Southeast Asia's Charismatic Statesmen (1964). Studies which describe the Malaysian
political scene more generally include Gordon Means, Malaysian Politics (1970), and R. S.
Milne and Diane Mauzy, Malaysia: Tradition, Modernity, and Islam (1985). Pending a
compilation of the Tunku's Star newspaper columns, the best glimpse of the Tunku's personal
style and predispositions is provided by his book May 13-Before and After (1969). His
obituary ran in several newspapers including the Los Angeles Times.
Encyclopedia of World Biography. Copyright 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Tunku Abdul Rahman
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In Brief
page
PMs of Malaysia - Tunku Abdul Rahman
"Right from the moment when I became Prime Minister, my
aim, my thinking, my planning and as a matter of fact my
whole heart was set on building up a prosperous and happy
Malayan society."
Tunku Abdul Rahman
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ
(1957-1970)
Remembered as the "Father of Independence", Malaysia’s first Prime
Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, had recognised the vital importance of
fostering cooperation among Malaysia’s various ethnic groups as a way to
overcome political problems. It was also Tunku who envisioned the idea of
Malaysia - a federation of Malaya, Singapore (which later seceded in
6. His leadership flair also unfolded in England. Realising the Malay students
there were not represented by any organisation, he established the
Kesatuan Melayu Great Britain (Malay Association of Great Britain) and
became its first secretary.
After returning home, he joined the Kedah Civil
Service as a cadet in the Legal Advisor's Office, and
then as a district officer in several Kedah districts.
He proved unpopular among some British officials
thanks to his outspokenness and tendency to introduce reforms in his
quest to improve the living standards of the people.
His attempt at completing his law studies at the Inner Temple in England
in 1938 came to a halt due the outbreak of the Second World War. He
resumed his studies eight years later and came home with his legal
qualifications in 1949.
The political awareness he gained while making friends with people from
various nations in England did not go to waste, when he was made
chairman of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) soon after
his return. On August 26, 1951, Tunku became the UMNO President
succeeding Dato' Onn Jaafar. He travelled all over the country meeting
people from all walks of life to promote unity. His efforts in overcoming
the country's political problems by way of cooperation among the various
ethnic groups saw the birth of the Alliance Party in 1955.
Under his leadership, the Alliance won the country's
first general election in July 1955. Tunku was then
appointed the country's Chief Minister and Minister
7. 1965), Sabah and Sarawak which was established in 1963. Tunku is also
recognised for his elevation of Islam to the status of official religion and he
was instrumental in the setting up of the Organisation of Islamic
Conference in 1969, of which he was the first Secretary-General. Perhaps
Tunku Abdul Rahman’s greatest single achievement was in giving
Malaysians a sense of pride and nationhood.
Tunku Abdul Rahman
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PMs of Malaysia - Tunku Abdul Rahman
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ
(1957-1970)
Tunku was born on February 8, 1903 in Alor Setar, the
capital of the State of Kedah. He is the seventh prince of
Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah, the twenty fourth Sultan of
Kedah, and Che Manjalara. Said to be a robust and bright boy with a
particular fondness for sports, Tunku received his early education at the
Debsurin School, Bangkok and Penang Free School.
On a Kedah Government scholarship, he went on to study at St.
Catherine's College, Cambridge University, where he received his Bachelor
of Arts in law and history in 1925. A firsthand experience in racial
discrimination with the college's administration was said to have
intensified his conviction in fighting for equality and ignited his desire in
making his homeland an independent state, free from British colonialism.
8. Tunku, who led Malaysia in winning independence from Britain in 1957 and served 13 years
as its first prime minister, died Dec. 6, 1990. He was 87.
Further Reading on Abdul Rahman Tunku
Two biographical accounts provide information on the Tunku's early life and political career.
They are Harry Miller, Prince and Premier (1959), and Willard Hanna, Eight Nation Makers:
Southeast Asia's Charismatic Statesmen (1964). Studies which describe the Malaysian
political scene more generally include Gordon Means, Malaysian Politics (1970), and R. S.
Milne and Diane Mauzy, Malaysia: Tradition, Modernity, and Islam (1985). Pending a
compilation of the Tunku's Star newspaper columns, the best glimpse of the Tunku's personal
style and predispositions is provided by his book May 13-Before and After (1969). His
obituary ran in several newspapers including the Los Angeles Times.
Encyclopedia of World Biography. Copyright 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Email this
In Brief
page
PMs of Malaysia - Tunku Abdul Rahman
"Right from the moment when I became Prime Minister, my
aim, my thinking, my planning and as a matter of fact my
whole heart was set on building up a prosperous and happy
Malayan society."
Tunku Abdul Rahman
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ
(1957-1970)
Remembered as the "Father of Independence", Malaysia’s first Prime
Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, had recognised the vital importance of
fostering cooperation among Malaysia’s various ethnic groups as a way to
overcome political problems. It was also Tunku who envisioned the idea of
Malaysia - a federation of Malaya, Singapore (which later seceded in