This chapter describes different ways to represent learning designs and interventions. It discusses textual, visual, and data-based representations at micro, meso, and macro levels. Examples include content maps, task swimlanes, pedagogy profiles, outcomes maps, and principles matrices. The representations make explicit different aspects of the underlying design and can support practitioners, researchers, and software designers. Evaluation found the visual representations helped practitioners think beyond content to learner activities.
This chapter discusses different ways of representing learning interventions and designs. It identifies four main types of representations: verbal, textual, visual, and data-based. Examples of representations discussed include case studies, models, diagrams, and charts. Representations can have different formats, levels of granularity, and lenses. They can describe small activities or entire curriculums. Overall, the chapter analyzes different learning design representations and how they can be used to visualize and implement learning activities.
This document outlines an application form for funding proposals submitted to the Applied Scientific Research Fund (ASRF) in Jordan. The form requests information on the project title, team members, classification, objectives, implementation plan, financial request, market potential, and contact details. It provides funding of up to 10,000 JD over 1 year to support proof-of-concept prototypes, with a focus on technical development, demonstration to customers, and commercialization assistance. Funded projects must provide progress reports and contribute to ASRF activities through workshops, consulting, or other support.
The document discusses various topics related to civil law, criminal law, and ethics. It contains multiple choice questions about legal concepts and principles. Specifically, it covers 3 main areas:
1) Chapters 1-2 discuss civil law concepts like burdens of proof in civil cases and remedies granted by courts, as well as ethical theories like utilitarianism and deontology.
2) Chapters 3-5 cover the structure of the US court system, constitutional law topics like the Bill of Rights, and administrative law concepts such as the Administrative Procedure Act.
3) Chapter 6 addresses criminal law issues including criminal intent, types of crimes, and specific statutes like RICO.
This document defines and provides examples of vocabulary words related to walking and movement:
- Biped refers to a two-footed creature like humans.
- Impediment is something that stands in one's way, either physically or intangibly like a lack of confidence.
- A peddler is a door-to-door salesperson trying to sell products on foot.
- A pedestrian is a person who walks or travels on foot.
- A quadruped is a four-footed animal like rabbits.
This document provides information about the "Hey! Chongqing" project, which aims to promote traditional Chongqing culture among young people. The project will involve 6 global volunteers and 6 local volunteers learning about Sichuan opera, embroidery, hot pot cooking, and tea art over 18 days in July. Activities will include lessons at local cultural institutions and making a promotional video. The goals are for participants to gain a new understanding of Chinese culture, develop skills, and record their experiences to encourage interest in cultural preservation among both locals and foreigners.
Samen Sterker - Interactie Team door Steven Goetstouwers, CEO Admesy TeamVenture
Drie Philips engineers zagen potentie in de ontwikkeling en vermarkting van geavanceerd meetapparatuur voor kleur- en lichtmeting in productieomgevingen. In 2006 startten zij het hightech bedrijf Admesy. In 2012 trad Steven via een management buy in traject toe als compagnon en CEO. Een gouden zet zo bleek, want Steven bleek een sterke aanvulling voor het bestaande ondernemersteam. De omzetcijfers van het bedrijf groeit flink sindsdien. Admesy won de Entrepreneur Team Award 2013 en staat dit jaar in de Deloitte Fast 50. Steven vertelt hoe het is om als compagnon in te stappen in een rijdende trein en welke uitdagingen je als nieuw team hebt wanneer je opereert in een internationale markt.
Samen Sterker Symposium
Thema: Samen de Wereld Veroveren
20 november 2014 te Utrecht
13.00u Inloop en aanmelding
13.30u Opening door dagvoorzitter Gert-Jan Jansen
13.35u Welkomstwoord door Hein Roelfsema (directeur Utrecht Centre for Entrepreneurship)
13.40u The Art of Growing door Regi Melcherts (SCG | Strategisch Coachen Groep)
14.10u Dreas van Donselaar, CTO SpamExperts
14.30u Steven Goetstouwers, CEO Admesy
14.50u Presentatie genomineerden Entrepreneur Team Award 2014
15.00u Uitreiking Entrepreneur Team Award 2014 door juryvoorzitter Ton van Mil (directeur Economic Board Utrecht)
15.10u Korte pauze
15.30u Parallelsessies
- Vind jouw toekomstige zakenpartner! met Bram van Beek
- Samenwerken in een nieuw ondernemersteam. met Ruud Bisseling.
- Het managen van team-dynamiek bij groeibedrijven. met Regi Melcherts.
17.00u Durf te vragen door Herman Dummer
17.30u Borrel
18.30u Einde
www.teamventure.nl
This photo album document appears to be about different types of people at a celebration or party. It mentions divas, a janitor who is popular at night, gang members, class clowns, bashful boys, party animals, and sweethearts. The album spans from the beginning of the party to the end.
This chapter discusses different ways of representing learning interventions and designs. It identifies four main types of representations: verbal, textual, visual, and data-based. Examples of representations discussed include case studies, models, diagrams, and charts. Representations can have different formats, levels of granularity, and lenses. They can describe small activities or entire curriculums. Overall, the chapter analyzes different learning design representations and how they can be used to visualize and implement learning activities.
This document outlines an application form for funding proposals submitted to the Applied Scientific Research Fund (ASRF) in Jordan. The form requests information on the project title, team members, classification, objectives, implementation plan, financial request, market potential, and contact details. It provides funding of up to 10,000 JD over 1 year to support proof-of-concept prototypes, with a focus on technical development, demonstration to customers, and commercialization assistance. Funded projects must provide progress reports and contribute to ASRF activities through workshops, consulting, or other support.
The document discusses various topics related to civil law, criminal law, and ethics. It contains multiple choice questions about legal concepts and principles. Specifically, it covers 3 main areas:
1) Chapters 1-2 discuss civil law concepts like burdens of proof in civil cases and remedies granted by courts, as well as ethical theories like utilitarianism and deontology.
2) Chapters 3-5 cover the structure of the US court system, constitutional law topics like the Bill of Rights, and administrative law concepts such as the Administrative Procedure Act.
3) Chapter 6 addresses criminal law issues including criminal intent, types of crimes, and specific statutes like RICO.
This document defines and provides examples of vocabulary words related to walking and movement:
- Biped refers to a two-footed creature like humans.
- Impediment is something that stands in one's way, either physically or intangibly like a lack of confidence.
- A peddler is a door-to-door salesperson trying to sell products on foot.
- A pedestrian is a person who walks or travels on foot.
- A quadruped is a four-footed animal like rabbits.
This document provides information about the "Hey! Chongqing" project, which aims to promote traditional Chongqing culture among young people. The project will involve 6 global volunteers and 6 local volunteers learning about Sichuan opera, embroidery, hot pot cooking, and tea art over 18 days in July. Activities will include lessons at local cultural institutions and making a promotional video. The goals are for participants to gain a new understanding of Chinese culture, develop skills, and record their experiences to encourage interest in cultural preservation among both locals and foreigners.
Samen Sterker - Interactie Team door Steven Goetstouwers, CEO Admesy TeamVenture
Drie Philips engineers zagen potentie in de ontwikkeling en vermarkting van geavanceerd meetapparatuur voor kleur- en lichtmeting in productieomgevingen. In 2006 startten zij het hightech bedrijf Admesy. In 2012 trad Steven via een management buy in traject toe als compagnon en CEO. Een gouden zet zo bleek, want Steven bleek een sterke aanvulling voor het bestaande ondernemersteam. De omzetcijfers van het bedrijf groeit flink sindsdien. Admesy won de Entrepreneur Team Award 2013 en staat dit jaar in de Deloitte Fast 50. Steven vertelt hoe het is om als compagnon in te stappen in een rijdende trein en welke uitdagingen je als nieuw team hebt wanneer je opereert in een internationale markt.
Samen Sterker Symposium
Thema: Samen de Wereld Veroveren
20 november 2014 te Utrecht
13.00u Inloop en aanmelding
13.30u Opening door dagvoorzitter Gert-Jan Jansen
13.35u Welkomstwoord door Hein Roelfsema (directeur Utrecht Centre for Entrepreneurship)
13.40u The Art of Growing door Regi Melcherts (SCG | Strategisch Coachen Groep)
14.10u Dreas van Donselaar, CTO SpamExperts
14.30u Steven Goetstouwers, CEO Admesy
14.50u Presentatie genomineerden Entrepreneur Team Award 2014
15.00u Uitreiking Entrepreneur Team Award 2014 door juryvoorzitter Ton van Mil (directeur Economic Board Utrecht)
15.10u Korte pauze
15.30u Parallelsessies
- Vind jouw toekomstige zakenpartner! met Bram van Beek
- Samenwerken in een nieuw ondernemersteam. met Ruud Bisseling.
- Het managen van team-dynamiek bij groeibedrijven. met Regi Melcherts.
17.00u Durf te vragen door Herman Dummer
17.30u Borrel
18.30u Einde
www.teamventure.nl
This photo album document appears to be about different types of people at a celebration or party. It mentions divas, a janitor who is popular at night, gang members, class clowns, bashful boys, party animals, and sweethearts. The album spans from the beginning of the party to the end.
Objective Capital's Africa Resources Investment Congress 2011
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
14-15 June 2011
Day 1: Africa Resources
Speaker: Glenn Laing, Plains Creek Phosphate
We are in the last days of this age. Year 2013 is the turning point.
After Buddha Sakyamuni and Jesus Christ,Xuefeng (Deiform Buddha) ,the messenger of the Greatest Creator,followed Revelation founding Lifechanyuan to give the last course for human beings to learn and follow since year 2003 and before 2013:
The pyramid is the “womb” for the birth of mankind, filled with unlimited mysteries, which once discovered by man, will have a direct bearing on the question of whether man should continue to exist on earth. Just like the modern “cloning technology”, the mass reproduction of man will pose a direct threat to the balance of various space life-forms and destroy the “transmigration order” of life. Man should be kept from taking such risks.
Then what punishment will be met out for those daring to break into the pyramid?By the pharaoh’s curse, all those interlopers would be killed so that no secrets could be leaked.
This document summarizes a presentation about REST, Dojo, and Comet technologies. The speaker discusses REST and the JAX-RS API for building RESTful web services in Java. An example of a RESTful catalog application is presented using JAX-RS, JAXB, and JPA with Dojo as the client-side library. Comet techniques for implementing asynchronous communication between the client and server are also mentioned.
Comment Letter on New Regulations Addressing BDPOs -- Letter dated January 3,...Samuel Grilli
This letter summarizes concerns with new IRS regulations regarding bottom-dollar payment obligations (BDPOs) under section 752 of the tax code. The new regulations broadly classify most guarantees as BDPOs not recognized for allocating partnership debt, contrary to congressional intent. This leads to inconsistent and uncertain results compared to prior regulations. The letter provides two examples where the same guarantee is treated differently under the new rules. It proposes alternatives, such as a bright-line rule recognizing guarantees above a debt threshold to balance compliance and congressional intent. The letter urges the IRS to reconsider the new BDPO regulations.
This document contains practice tests and questions about greetings and being at school. The questions test vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and comprehension. For example, questions ask about favorite subjects at school, prepositions of place like "in" and "at", word sounds, word meaning, verb conjugations, occupations and more. The tests are multiple choice format with one correct answer out of four options for each question.
- The document summarizes a training session on Sun Ray thin clients and VMware View for desktop virtualization. It provides an overview of the joint Sun and VMware solution, when each product should be sold, technical integration details, and support information.
- Customers can choose between using Sun Ray software with VMware View Manager or VMware Infrastructure 3 to deploy virtual desktops from their data center to Sun Ray thin clients.
- The session covered the technical aspects of integrating Sun Ray with VMware View, roadmaps for the solution, and sales and marketing support available from Sun and VMware.
Sharring Faamalo Fanene Aoelua Niusulu was diagnosed with leukemia in 2010. She underwent chemotherapy and other treatments which caused side effects like hair loss, weakness, nausea and memory problems. Due to medical costs and her condition, she requires ongoing support. She continues to help others through bone marrow drives in hopes of finding matches for cancer patients like herself.
Michael Geisler from Oracle presented on Oracle's desktop virtualization solutions. The presentation covered Oracle's strategy in desktop virtualization, challenges with traditional desktop management, and an overview of Oracle's Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, Secure Global Desktop, and Sun Ray Clients. It concluded with a demonstration of running Oracle Apps on an iPad.
Arun Shourie claimed there is a mathematical error in the Quran based on inheritance portions mentioned in chapters 4 verses 11-12. However, the document explains that Islam provides detailed inheritance laws, with the Quran outlining broad rules and Hadith providing details. It notes one must understand the order and criteria to correctly apply the laws, similar to understanding mathematical operations like BODMAS. When the full inheritance process is properly followed after debts are paid first to spouses, parents or children, the portions do not exceed one. Therefore, it is not the Quran but Arun Shourie who lacks understanding of how to correctly apply the mathematical inheritance rules.
Skills And Competence A Lifespan Perspective PublicLeo Casey
The document discusses three digital literacy programs in Ireland for different age groups: DLIPS for primary schools, KESP targeted at those aged 25-45, and Know IT for those aged 45-65. It provides an overview of the goals and approaches of each program, including using an inquiry cycle and developing key competencies. The document also examines frameworks for conceptualizing digital literacy and the factors that influence an individual's decision to improve their digital skills.
This document summarizes the business model of mfloat.in, which provides advertising opportunities for merchants through a combination of digital and referral marketing. Key aspects of the model include:
- Merchants can register and upload ads which are targeted to users based on interests and location.
- Users can register and create "pages" for friends and family to become affiliate members who earn commissions on sales to their networks.
- The system aims to connect merchants and consumers through digital tools like email, SMS, and a personalized portal for each user.
The better start cr201006 0008 on values workshop-widejamescheong
The Rotary Club of Bukit Kiara Sunrise held a two-day values education workshop for fifty local youths to help develop their potential through learning about values. The workshop aimed to teach students about important values like honesty, responsibility, and compassion in order to improve their self-esteem, confidence, and school performance. Students participated in group activities and discussions about defining values, practicing values in their daily lives, and how values can help them achieve their goals and build a better society. The workshop was part of the club's ongoing efforts, through its Education Fund, to provide leadership training, mentorship, and financial assistance to support youth development in the community.
The document discusses effective business writing and communication. It provides tips for writing emails, proposals, reports and other documents clearly and concisely. Key aspects of effective business writing include organizing information logically, considering your audience, proofreading for errors, using a professional tone, and being brief without omitting important details. The document also outlines best practices for professional telephone etiquette such as introducing yourself, actively listening, speaking with a pleasant tone, and remaining polite even in difficult situations.
Best Practice Guideline to Managing On-site Vermiculture Technologiesx3G9
The document provides guidelines for managing on-site vermiculture technologies. It was published by the Recycled Organics Unit (ROU) at the University of New South Wales in January 2002. The ROU is the NSW centre for organic resource management, information, research and development, demonstration and training. The guidelines contain 7 information sheets that provide details on establishing and managing an on-site vermiculture unit to process compostable organic waste for commercial and industrial organizations. The information sheets cover topics such as determining waste quantities, site selection, installation, operation, and end product use.
This document discusses uncommon Java bugs and how free open source static analysis tools can help detect them. It provides examples of bugs like using the letter "l" instead of the number 1 in a long constant, checking for NaN equality, and null pointer exceptions. The document introduces tools like Jlint, FindBugs, PMD, and QJ-Pro that can find these kinds of bugs and describes how each tool detects bugs in code examples. It concludes that using static analysis tools can improve code quality by finding defects early.
This document discusses different ways of representing learning designs. It defines learning design as a methodology for helping teachers make more informed pedagogical decisions when designing learning activities and entire curriculums using appropriate technologies and resources. The document outlines several types of design representations including case studies, lesson plans, patterns, models, mind maps, and technical diagrams. These representations can be used at different levels of granularity from individual activities to full curriculums. The representations foreground different aspects of the design to support sharing and improving the design process.
(REVISED) A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE FOR LEARNING DESIGN REPRESENTATIONS AND T...Francesca Pozzi
This document discusses different types of representations that can be used for designing educational interventions. It begins by explaining that conceptual preparation and design is a core teaching activity, and that representations allow teachers to externalize and reflect on their ideas. It then discusses how information and communication technologies have led to more computer-supported learning design approaches. The document proposes a multi-dimensional framework to classify different design approaches and representation formats, which include textual representations in formal languages or natural language narratives, as well as visual representations like diagrams or charts. It explores considerations around the producer and intended end-user of different representation types.
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23Grainne Conole
The document discusses various tools and resources that can be used to guide learning design practice, including conceptual learning design views, visualisation tools, and pedagogical planners. It provides examples of how conceptual learning design views like course maps, pedagogy profiles, and task swimlanes can be used to represent a learning intervention. It then reviews several visualisation tools, including LAMS, WebCollage, CompendiumLD, and CADMOS, describing their features and how designs can be created and represented in each.
1. The document discusses potential representations for curriculum design from a meeting between three universities collaborating on curriculum design projects.
2. It proposes several representations including textual summaries, maps, timelines, matrices, and cost breakdowns to capture different aspects of curriculum design.
3. The goal is to develop a shared set of curriculum design representations and taxonomy across the universities.
A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE FOR LEARNING DESIGN REPRESENTATIONS AND TOOLSFrancesca Pozzi
This document discusses frameworks for classifying learning design representations and tools. It proposes a multi-dimensional framework with two key dimensions: degree of formalism and degree of abstraction. Different representation types such as textual, visual, and combinations are mapped within this framework based on their purpose and intended user. Examples of existing representations are also discussed and placed within the proposed dimensions to demonstrate how the framework can be applied. The framework is intended to help bring order to the variety of existing design representations and identify areas for further research.
The document discusses different methods for mapping learning designs at the macro, meso, and micro levels:
1. A Course Map provides an overview of a course across four key dimensions.
2. A Learning Outcomes view shows how learning activities and assessments align with intended outcomes.
3. A Pedagogy Profile maps different student activity types across a course or sequence of learning events.
The goal is to represent learning designs using a shared language and notational system to generate, interpret, discuss, remember, navigate, and share learning designs. Different representations are needed to articulate certain design elements.
Objective Capital's Africa Resources Investment Congress 2011
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
14-15 June 2011
Day 1: Africa Resources
Speaker: Glenn Laing, Plains Creek Phosphate
We are in the last days of this age. Year 2013 is the turning point.
After Buddha Sakyamuni and Jesus Christ,Xuefeng (Deiform Buddha) ,the messenger of the Greatest Creator,followed Revelation founding Lifechanyuan to give the last course for human beings to learn and follow since year 2003 and before 2013:
The pyramid is the “womb” for the birth of mankind, filled with unlimited mysteries, which once discovered by man, will have a direct bearing on the question of whether man should continue to exist on earth. Just like the modern “cloning technology”, the mass reproduction of man will pose a direct threat to the balance of various space life-forms and destroy the “transmigration order” of life. Man should be kept from taking such risks.
Then what punishment will be met out for those daring to break into the pyramid?By the pharaoh’s curse, all those interlopers would be killed so that no secrets could be leaked.
This document summarizes a presentation about REST, Dojo, and Comet technologies. The speaker discusses REST and the JAX-RS API for building RESTful web services in Java. An example of a RESTful catalog application is presented using JAX-RS, JAXB, and JPA with Dojo as the client-side library. Comet techniques for implementing asynchronous communication between the client and server are also mentioned.
Comment Letter on New Regulations Addressing BDPOs -- Letter dated January 3,...Samuel Grilli
This letter summarizes concerns with new IRS regulations regarding bottom-dollar payment obligations (BDPOs) under section 752 of the tax code. The new regulations broadly classify most guarantees as BDPOs not recognized for allocating partnership debt, contrary to congressional intent. This leads to inconsistent and uncertain results compared to prior regulations. The letter provides two examples where the same guarantee is treated differently under the new rules. It proposes alternatives, such as a bright-line rule recognizing guarantees above a debt threshold to balance compliance and congressional intent. The letter urges the IRS to reconsider the new BDPO regulations.
This document contains practice tests and questions about greetings and being at school. The questions test vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and comprehension. For example, questions ask about favorite subjects at school, prepositions of place like "in" and "at", word sounds, word meaning, verb conjugations, occupations and more. The tests are multiple choice format with one correct answer out of four options for each question.
- The document summarizes a training session on Sun Ray thin clients and VMware View for desktop virtualization. It provides an overview of the joint Sun and VMware solution, when each product should be sold, technical integration details, and support information.
- Customers can choose between using Sun Ray software with VMware View Manager or VMware Infrastructure 3 to deploy virtual desktops from their data center to Sun Ray thin clients.
- The session covered the technical aspects of integrating Sun Ray with VMware View, roadmaps for the solution, and sales and marketing support available from Sun and VMware.
Sharring Faamalo Fanene Aoelua Niusulu was diagnosed with leukemia in 2010. She underwent chemotherapy and other treatments which caused side effects like hair loss, weakness, nausea and memory problems. Due to medical costs and her condition, she requires ongoing support. She continues to help others through bone marrow drives in hopes of finding matches for cancer patients like herself.
Michael Geisler from Oracle presented on Oracle's desktop virtualization solutions. The presentation covered Oracle's strategy in desktop virtualization, challenges with traditional desktop management, and an overview of Oracle's Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, Secure Global Desktop, and Sun Ray Clients. It concluded with a demonstration of running Oracle Apps on an iPad.
Arun Shourie claimed there is a mathematical error in the Quran based on inheritance portions mentioned in chapters 4 verses 11-12. However, the document explains that Islam provides detailed inheritance laws, with the Quran outlining broad rules and Hadith providing details. It notes one must understand the order and criteria to correctly apply the laws, similar to understanding mathematical operations like BODMAS. When the full inheritance process is properly followed after debts are paid first to spouses, parents or children, the portions do not exceed one. Therefore, it is not the Quran but Arun Shourie who lacks understanding of how to correctly apply the mathematical inheritance rules.
Skills And Competence A Lifespan Perspective PublicLeo Casey
The document discusses three digital literacy programs in Ireland for different age groups: DLIPS for primary schools, KESP targeted at those aged 25-45, and Know IT for those aged 45-65. It provides an overview of the goals and approaches of each program, including using an inquiry cycle and developing key competencies. The document also examines frameworks for conceptualizing digital literacy and the factors that influence an individual's decision to improve their digital skills.
This document summarizes the business model of mfloat.in, which provides advertising opportunities for merchants through a combination of digital and referral marketing. Key aspects of the model include:
- Merchants can register and upload ads which are targeted to users based on interests and location.
- Users can register and create "pages" for friends and family to become affiliate members who earn commissions on sales to their networks.
- The system aims to connect merchants and consumers through digital tools like email, SMS, and a personalized portal for each user.
The better start cr201006 0008 on values workshop-widejamescheong
The Rotary Club of Bukit Kiara Sunrise held a two-day values education workshop for fifty local youths to help develop their potential through learning about values. The workshop aimed to teach students about important values like honesty, responsibility, and compassion in order to improve their self-esteem, confidence, and school performance. Students participated in group activities and discussions about defining values, practicing values in their daily lives, and how values can help them achieve their goals and build a better society. The workshop was part of the club's ongoing efforts, through its Education Fund, to provide leadership training, mentorship, and financial assistance to support youth development in the community.
The document discusses effective business writing and communication. It provides tips for writing emails, proposals, reports and other documents clearly and concisely. Key aspects of effective business writing include organizing information logically, considering your audience, proofreading for errors, using a professional tone, and being brief without omitting important details. The document also outlines best practices for professional telephone etiquette such as introducing yourself, actively listening, speaking with a pleasant tone, and remaining polite even in difficult situations.
Best Practice Guideline to Managing On-site Vermiculture Technologiesx3G9
The document provides guidelines for managing on-site vermiculture technologies. It was published by the Recycled Organics Unit (ROU) at the University of New South Wales in January 2002. The ROU is the NSW centre for organic resource management, information, research and development, demonstration and training. The guidelines contain 7 information sheets that provide details on establishing and managing an on-site vermiculture unit to process compostable organic waste for commercial and industrial organizations. The information sheets cover topics such as determining waste quantities, site selection, installation, operation, and end product use.
This document discusses uncommon Java bugs and how free open source static analysis tools can help detect them. It provides examples of bugs like using the letter "l" instead of the number 1 in a long constant, checking for NaN equality, and null pointer exceptions. The document introduces tools like Jlint, FindBugs, PMD, and QJ-Pro that can find these kinds of bugs and describes how each tool detects bugs in code examples. It concludes that using static analysis tools can improve code quality by finding defects early.
This document discusses different ways of representing learning designs. It defines learning design as a methodology for helping teachers make more informed pedagogical decisions when designing learning activities and entire curriculums using appropriate technologies and resources. The document outlines several types of design representations including case studies, lesson plans, patterns, models, mind maps, and technical diagrams. These representations can be used at different levels of granularity from individual activities to full curriculums. The representations foreground different aspects of the design to support sharing and improving the design process.
(REVISED) A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE FOR LEARNING DESIGN REPRESENTATIONS AND T...Francesca Pozzi
This document discusses different types of representations that can be used for designing educational interventions. It begins by explaining that conceptual preparation and design is a core teaching activity, and that representations allow teachers to externalize and reflect on their ideas. It then discusses how information and communication technologies have led to more computer-supported learning design approaches. The document proposes a multi-dimensional framework to classify different design approaches and representation formats, which include textual representations in formal languages or natural language narratives, as well as visual representations like diagrams or charts. It explores considerations around the producer and intended end-user of different representation types.
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23Grainne Conole
The document discusses various tools and resources that can be used to guide learning design practice, including conceptual learning design views, visualisation tools, and pedagogical planners. It provides examples of how conceptual learning design views like course maps, pedagogy profiles, and task swimlanes can be used to represent a learning intervention. It then reviews several visualisation tools, including LAMS, WebCollage, CompendiumLD, and CADMOS, describing their features and how designs can be created and represented in each.
1. The document discusses potential representations for curriculum design from a meeting between three universities collaborating on curriculum design projects.
2. It proposes several representations including textual summaries, maps, timelines, matrices, and cost breakdowns to capture different aspects of curriculum design.
3. The goal is to develop a shared set of curriculum design representations and taxonomy across the universities.
A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE FOR LEARNING DESIGN REPRESENTATIONS AND TOOLSFrancesca Pozzi
This document discusses frameworks for classifying learning design representations and tools. It proposes a multi-dimensional framework with two key dimensions: degree of formalism and degree of abstraction. Different representation types such as textual, visual, and combinations are mapped within this framework based on their purpose and intended user. Examples of existing representations are also discussed and placed within the proposed dimensions to demonstrate how the framework can be applied. The framework is intended to help bring order to the variety of existing design representations and identify areas for further research.
The document discusses different methods for mapping learning designs at the macro, meso, and micro levels:
1. A Course Map provides an overview of a course across four key dimensions.
2. A Learning Outcomes view shows how learning activities and assessments align with intended outcomes.
3. A Pedagogy Profile maps different student activity types across a course or sequence of learning events.
The goal is to represent learning designs using a shared language and notational system to generate, interpret, discuss, remember, navigate, and share learning designs. Different representations are needed to articulate certain design elements.
Using patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenarioseLearning Papers
This document discusses using design patterns to represent technology-enhanced learning scenarios. It reviews different mechanisms used to represent learning design issues, such as hypermedia models, ontologies, and educational modeling languages. The author proposes an approach using design patterns as they combine narrative representation with visualization and controlled vocabularies. Patterns are prepared by classifying them into categories like content managers, activity facilitators, and assessment producers. They are then applied to represent a specific learning scenario based on digital ink technologies.
This document provides an introduction to design patterns. It begins by explaining what design patterns are, their benefits, and common elements of design patterns like name, problem, solution, and consequences. It then discusses different types of design patterns classified by purpose (creational, structural, behavioral) and scope (class, object). An example of applying the strategy pattern to a duck simulation is used to illustrate how patterns can solve common object-oriented design problems by separating variable aspects from those that remain the same. The document advocates programming to interfaces rather than implementations to avoid tight coupling and allow independent extension of behavior.
The document introduces the ISiS (Intentions-Strategies-interactional Situations) framework for designing learning scenarios that explicitly expresses intentions and pedagogical strategies. ISiS aims to capture teachers' intentions and strategies to facilitate sharing and reuse of scenarios. It structures scenario design into four levels: intentions (I), strategies (S), interactional situations (iS), and operational interactions. The framework was implemented in authoring tools like ScenEdit to allow teachers to design scenarios using a shared vocabulary and pattern library. Experiments found that ISiS helped teachers illustrate their choices and complete the design process, from defining intentions to implementation.
The document discusses the ISIS conceptual model for designing learning scenarios. It aims to capture teachers' intentions and strategies to facilitate sharing and reuse of scenarios. The ISIS model structures scenario design around intentions, strategies, and interactional situations. It was developed through collaboration with teachers and implemented in the ScenEdit authoring tool. ScenEdit allows teachers to design scenarios using a flexible process by expressing dimensions like intentions, strategies, and selecting typical situations. It was tested successfully with groups of teachers.
Case Study Based Software Engineering Project Development: State of ArtDr Sukhpal Singh Gill
Publised in International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Applications and Management Studies (IJSRCSAMS), Volume 2, Issue 3 (May 2013).
Step by Step Development of Software Project
An approach to learn Software Project Management Practically.
SDLC phases of Software Engineering
Project Completed at Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Download Link:
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1306/1306.2502.pdf
http://www.ijsrcsams.com/images/stories/Past_Issue_Docs/ijsrcsamsv2i3p31.pdf
SRS of this Project can be downloaded from :
http://www.slideshare.net/sukhpalsinghgill/software-requirements-specification-srs-for-online-tower-plotting-system-otps
The object-oriented class is, in general, the most utilized element in programming and modeling. It is employed throughout the software development process, from early domain analysis phases to later maintenance phases. A class diagram typically uses elements of graph theory, e.g., boxes, ovals, lines. Many researchers have examined the class diagram layout from different perspectives, including visibility, juxtaposability, and aesthetics. While software systems can be incredibly complex, class diagrams represent a very broad picture of the system as a whole. The key to understanding of such complexity is use of tools such as diagrams at various levels of representation. This paper develops a more elaborate diagrammatic description of the class diagram that includes flows of attributes, thus providing a basic representation for specifying behavior and control instead of merely listing methods.
The document discusses two models of curriculum development: the dynamic model and Skilbeck model. The dynamic model proposes that curriculum development is a non-linear, interactive process that can begin with any element. It involves three phases: platform statements, deliberations, and curriculum design. The Skilbeck model involves five stages: situation analysis, objectives, design, interpretation and implementation, and evaluation. It is a flexible framework that allows teachers to design curriculum based on an analysis of internal and external factors. Both models aim to make curriculum development more practical and responsive to changing needs compared to strictly linear models.
The document discusses using a learning design approach to shift from implicit, belief-based teaching practices to more explicit, evidence-based design informed by validated tools and methods. It describes learning design as both a process of planning learning activities and a product - the representation or structure produced. Key aspects include design as a conscious, creative, communicative, and social process. Challenges of this approach include balancing precision with the natural fuzziness of practice, and balancing personal designs with those meant for sharing.
The Use of Engineering Sketching and Journaling to Foster Deep Understanding ...Leonhard Bernold
In today’s teaching environment where students’ main focus is on getting a high mark for a class, deep understanding has taken a backseat. Being able to answer as many exam preparation questions as possible and fulfilling all the criteria on an assignment will guarantee success. “I deserve a higher mark because I worked hard in this class,” are the arguments one hears after the final marks are published. How about understanding the new material presented in the class? Engineering sketching and journaling have been hailed by experienced engineers as tools to enhance thinking and communication. The authors of the paper report about their utilization as teaching tools to foster deep understanding in a course on construction equipment and methods. While topics like equipments economics, power transmission and safety benefit from graphing in two-axis coordinate systems, understanding the best path of a backhoe bucket during a trenching operation is impossible to describe in words. Of course, understanding has several components: a) WHY do we use a backhoe excavator and not a trencher, b) WHAT are the possible three link motion paths and their related force vectors, c) HOW can the operator control the path of the bucket, and d) WHAT-IF there are utilities buried in the ground?
The document introduces three design representations for mapping out a course:
1) A Course Map view represents a course in terms of content and activities, communication and collaboration, guidance and support, and reflection and demonstration.
2) A Pedagogy Profile characterizes learning tasks into six types and looks at the spread of assessment across a course.
3) A Learning Outcomes view maps learning activities and assessment tasks to intended learning outcomes, based on the premise that students construct meaning from learning activities which are aligned to outcomes by teachers.
The document discusses the changing educational landscape with new technologies and the need for new pedagogical approaches. It advocates for more open practices in design, delivery, research, and evaluation of education. Learning design is presented as a methodology to make the design process more explicit and shareable.
The document provides an overview of learning design and discusses several key topics:
1) It outlines some paradoxes in how technologies are used in education and proposes case studies and support networks as potential solutions.
2) It examines design practices and representations in fields like chemistry and music that effectively capture key factors to enable reproduction.
3) It proposes a new learning design methodology that encourages reflective practices, promotes sharing, and shifts approaches from implicit to explicit.
The document introduces CompendiumLD, a tool for visualizing learning designs that helps articulate designs, provides focus at different levels, and enables sharing of designs. It provides an example of how to build a learning design in CompendiumLD by mapping out the activities, roles, tasks, and resources. CompendiumLD allows customizing the icon set to focus on learning designs and includes scaffolds and supports to help students through each step of the design process.
The POE strategy involves 3 steps: 1) Students predict the outcome of a demonstration, 2) They observe the actual outcome, and 3) They explain any differences between their predictions and observations. This strategy is used to uncover students' initial ideas and generate discussion. It can also motivate students to explore concepts and generate investigations. The document provides examples of how POE has been implemented using discussion forums and wikis in online science courses.
This document discusses the implications of social and participatory media for education. It notes that new technologies have created a rapidly changing environment requiring new digital literacy skills. New approaches like open practices and online communities are emerging. Key trends include mobile learning, personalized learning, and cloud computing. Social media allows for user-generated content, networking, and collective intelligence. Learner experiences are becoming more technology-immersed and personalized. While teachers have been slow to adopt new technologies, open practices around design, delivery, research, and dialogue could help adoption. The future of learning may be more distributed, personalised, collective, creative, responsive and open.
This document discusses new approaches to learning, including learning trajectories, e-pedagogies, mobile learning, inquiry-based learning, role play, learning spaces, digital literacies, the learner experience, teacher practices, open practices, MOOCs, open accreditation, open dialogue, open research, the future of learning, online communities, interactivity, and community indicators. It argues that new technologies are enabling more open, social, participatory, and connected approaches to teaching and learning.
The document discusses how social and participatory media are enabling new forms of open practices in education. It notes that today's educational context features a rapidly changing technological environment where new digital literacy skills are needed for both learners and teachers. Social and participatory media like social networking, blogging, and collaborative editing are being used to enable more open practices in areas like peer critiquing, user-generated content, and open dialogue. The document advocates for more adoption of open practices in areas like open design, open delivery, open research, and open evaluation to transform teaching practices.
This document discusses modularity in Java and OSGi, focusing on multi-bundle modules and scoping mechanisms. It describes how modules are represented in Java through classes, packages, JAR files, and classloaders. In OSGi, bundles provide modularity but larger constructs are needed. The document explores various approaches to multi-bundle modules in OSGi through metadata rewriting, composite bundles, framework hooks, and the region digraph abstraction. It proposes subsystems as a standard way to define multi-bundle modules with configurable scoping in OSGi.
Chile regresó a la democracia en 1990 luego de 17 años de dictadura militar, abriendo amplias oportunidades para el país y su gente buscar un mejor futuro a través de un gobierno electo democráticamente.
The document discusses theoretical frameworks and representations for instructional model design and learning design. It addresses problems with why instructional model design learning has not been widely adopted in real practice, including it being too technical and disconnected from the realities of teaching. It also discusses potential solutions such as providing more teacher training and support, developing design expertise, better representing teaching practice, and designing instruction with different levels of granularity and learner autonomy in mind.
The document discusses learning design methodology, which is a pedagogically informed approach to making the instructional design process more explicit and shareable through tools and visualizations, with the goal of helping educators make more informed decisions about course design and encouraging reflective practice and collaboration through communities. It outlines the foundations of learning design in activity theory and mediating artifacts and how tools have co-evolved with practices.
This document discusses open educational practices (OEP) and presents guidelines for institutions to evaluate and improve their OEP using a benchmarking framework. The framework has four dimensions - strategies and policies, barriers and success factors, tools and practices, and skills development. Institutions can self-assess across micro, meso, and macro contexts to determine their maturity level in each dimension. The guidelines provide examples and guidance to help institutions develop OEP strategies and policies and promote broader adoption of open educational resources (OER).
This document discusses how technologies can foster creativity. It defines creativity as creating something novel and valuable by transcending traditional ideas and rules. Creativity is important for dealing with today's complex world. Social and participatory media can promote creativity by enabling new forms of discourse, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. Technologies allow promoting creativity through open practices, aggregation and scale, and creative learning, teaching, research, and use of open educational resources.
This document summarizes a keynote presentation about designing learning in an open world utilizing new technologies. It discusses how social media and open educational resources provide opportunities for collaboration and sharing of resources. However, learners and teachers lack digital literacy skills to make effective use of these tools. The document outlines a vision for the future of learning leveraging new technologies. It also discusses challenges, including a lack of skills and issues integrating new tools. The presentation focuses on strategies to address these challenges through research on open educational practices and designing learning experiences that effectively combine pedagogy and technology.
The document discusses emerging trends in e-learning including the rise of social and participatory media, the co-evolution of tools and pedagogical practices, new digital literacies required of learners and teachers, and challenges in designing effective open learning experiences that leverage new technologies while grounded in solid pedagogical approaches.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Gráinne Conole about rethinking learning and teaching in a digital age. The presentation covered several topics including the changing educational context with new digital literacies needed, emerging open practices, online community and interactivity, social and participatory media, pedagogies of e-learning, digital literacies, creativity, and open practices. Conole argued that effective use of new technologies requires rethinking core learning and teaching processes in a more open, collaborative way.
This document discusses the implications of social and participatory media on education. It begins by providing an overview of these new technologies, including their ability to enable new forms of interaction, user-generated content, collective aggregation, and community formation. It then discusses how these technologies can support constructivist and socially situated pedagogies through tools that enable peer critiquing, user generated content, and reflective, dialogic and peer-based learning. However, it also notes these technologies create a digital divide and new digital literacy demands. The document examines some positive impacts, such as access and personalization, and negative impacts, such as questions around the role of educational institutions.
This document discusses open practices in education and their implications. It explores how social and participatory media like blogging, mashups, messaging, and virtual worlds can enable open practices and collaborative learning. Some benefits of open practices discussed include encouraging reflection, promoting sharing and discussion, and enabling new forms of collaboration beyond traditional boundaries. The implications for learning, teaching, research and educational institutions include opportunities for greater collaboration, but also challenges around changing cultures and evaluating open resources.
This document discusses learning design and how to design effective learning interventions. It explores some of the paradoxes in how technologies are used for learning, such as technologies not being fully exploited and little evidence of the use of free resources. It examines some of the reasons for this, including technical, pedagogical, and organizational issues. The document also looks at potential solutions, such as case studies and support networks, and emphasizes the importance of learning design as a design-based approach to course creation and support.
This document discusses promoting open educational practices through social and participatory media. It begins with providing context about the author's background and interests. It then discusses the rapidly changing technological environment and new forms of open practices and online communities that are emerging. Finally, it explores key concepts around social and participatory media, digital literacies, creativity, online communities, and interactivity and how they can support open educational practices.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. Chapter 8 Design representations
Chapter 8 Design representations...............................................................................1
Introduction................................................................................................................1
Types of representation...............................................................................................1
Examples of different types of representation............................................................3
Textual
Content map
The Course Map view
The pedagogy profile
The task swimlane representation
Learning outcomes map
The course dimensions view
Principles/pedagogy matrix
Evaluation of the views..............................................................................................6
An example of application of the representations......................................................7
Course view
Pedagogical profile
Course dimensions
Learning outcomes
Task swimlane
Conclusion................................................................................................................11
Introduction
This chapter will describe the range of ways in which learning interventions can be rep-
resented, along with a discussion of the benefits of each of these and how they can be
used as part of both the design process and as a means of making the inherent design of a
learning activity explicit. The chapter builds on a paper presented at the Networked
Learning 2010 conference (Conole, 2010).
The JISC-funded MoD4L1 project conducted a series of focus groups with practitioners
to elicit the types of representations that they used in their design practice. The represent-
ations they identified that teachers use include: module plans, case studies, briefing docu-
ments, pattern overviews, contents tables, concept maps, learning design sequences, story
boards, and lesson plans. The project concluded that no one single representation is ad-
equate. Similarly Conole et al. (2007: 13) conducted a series of interviews with teachers
and also concluded that practitioners use a range of tools to support and guide their prac-
tice.
Types of representation
Learning designs can be ‘represented’ or ‘codified’ in various ways; each representation
will articulate particular aspects of the learning that the designer anticipates will take
1 http://www.academy.gcal.ac.uk/mod4l
1
2. place. Each design representation foregrounds different aspects of the inherent ‘master’
design. These forms of representation range from rich contextually located examples of
good practice (case studies, guidelines, etc.) to more abstract forms of representation that
distil out the ‘essence’ of good practice (models or patterns). This section describes what
is meant by ‘design representation’. It gives an overview of the different types of repres-
entations; the formats they can be presented in, the level of granularity of design they
portray and an indicate of the particular ‘lens’ each representation provides on the inher-
ent ‘master design’.
Conole and Mulholland (2007) outlined a number of common representations. These in-
cluded essentially practice-focussed representations (e.g. case studies, lesson plans and
patterns), conceptual representations (e.g. mind maps and models), more abstract repres-
entations (e.g. and vocabulary) and technically orientated representations (e.g. UML dia-
grams). They also argue that there are a number of uses of these different presentations,
for example enabling educational researchers to analyse and develop educational innova-
tions, supporting teachers in planning learning interventions, facilitating software design-
ers to instantiate lesson designs in software or supporting learners in understanding what
they are doing and why. The type of representation is crucially dependent on its purpose.
This chapter builds on this work and describes different types of representations and how
they can be used. Figure 1 provides a more generic description of the types of representa-
tion. Four main types of representations are identified: verbal, textual, visual, or data-
based. A range of tools is now available to help visualise designs and in some cases, actu-
ally implement designs. Four examples are shown. LAMS (http://lams.org) uses a link
and node visualisation, but because LAMS sequences are ‘runnable’ the basic compon-
ents of the system are tool-focussed. CompendiumLD (http://compendiumld.open.ac.uk)
is also link and node based, but can be used across a broader range of granularity of
designs, CompendiumLD maps can be exported in a variety of formats, but are not dir-
ectly runnable. MOT+ is a graphical language and editor, which helps define activity se-
quences, actors and tools (Paquette et al., 2008). Finally WebCollage visualises pedago-
gical patterns taking a metaphorically based approach to visualise designs around their
description, such as ‘pyramid’ or ‘jigsaw’ (Hernández et al. 2005, 2006).
Many representations are primarily practice-orientated in nature, however some have a
particular theoretical basis. For example, designs which explicitly align with a particular
pedagogical perspective such as constructivism or Pedagogical Patterns which have a
prescribe format and are based on an underlying theoretical perspective based on the
work of Alexander (see for example Alexander et al, 1977; Goodyear, 2005). Vocabular-
ies (see for example Conole, 2008a) and abstract representations such as design schema
(see for example Conole, 2008b) and pedagogical models, such as Laurillard’s conversa-
tional framework (Laurillard, 2002) are also examples of representations that are based
on theoretical perspectives. Whilst clearly this is not a perfect classification it does give
some indication of the breadth of types of representation that are possible.
2
3. Representations can have different formats, can be used to describe different aspects of
the design lifecycle and can provide different lenses on the inherent design, foreground-
ing specific aspects:
·Formats. These can include different types of text-based representations (e.g. case studies or
narratives), visualisation representations (e.g. node-link types representations, design schema
or metaphorical), numerically focussed (e.g. pie or bar charts based on underlying numerical
data), representations based on other forms of media (e.g. audio or video) or representations
can be a combination of the above.
·Levels. Designs can describe small-scale learning activities (which might describe a few
hours worth of learning) or scale up to a description of a whole curriculum (across a three-
year undergraduate degree course or a one-year masters course)
·Lenses. The focus might be on the nature of the tasks being undertaken and associated tool
and resources, on the overarching pedagogical principles, mapping different components of
the design or relating to specific data (such as financial or student performance data).
Conole and Mulholland (2007) further classified representations into three levels.
At a simplistic level this has an educational component (the pedagogical intention
and aspiration) and a technological component (what technologies will be used, how
and their associated affordances). A meditational layer, which describes the process
or operational dimension, provides the link between these.
They go on to suggest that the educational view provides the underlying
pedagogical/inquiry model (such as the learning outcomes and pedagogical approach).
The process-based/operational view focuses on enactment of the design. Examples
include representations that are essentially stage-based (where the focus is on what is
happening in a temporal sequence), or schema-based (which not only outlines the
sequential set of tasks, but also the and associated roles, resources, tools and outputs).
The final technical view, they argue, provides the ‘technical implementation blueprint’
and the rule-based/runtime of the data flow.
Examples of different types of representation
This section describes a set of recent representations that we have developed as part of
learning design research. It will describe each representation, provide an illustrative ex-
ample and suggest how that representation can be used. The 7 representations presented
here are not intended to be comprehensive, but to give a flavour of the variety of repres-
entations and an indication of their uses. They cover the spectrum of different types of
format, level and lenses described earlier (Table 1).
Representation Format Level Lens
Textual summary Text Macro Descriptive overview
Content map Node-link Meso, macro Content hierarchy & structure
Task swimlane Node-link Micro Tasks breakdown: roles, tasks, associated tools/resources
Pedagogy profile Bar chart Design method: student tasks
Principles matrix Matrix Design method: principles overview
Component map Node-link Meso Map of aims & course cohesion
Course map Pyramid Macro Pedagogy overview
1
4. Textual
This is the standard ways in which course are represented. It can range from a brief textu-
al overview plus descriptive keywords through to more a more detailed breakdown of the
curriculum covered. Such textual representations are common and form the basis of most
course descriptions. Textual descriptions can also be used to indicate the pedagogical in-
tent of the course or can be aligned to a particular theoretical basis, as is the case with
pedagogical patterns, which follow a particular style and format.
Content map
Another common way of representing designs is in terms of content (Figure 2). Content
can be organised in a number of ways, but a particularly helpful one is to organise it into
a series of themes and sub-themes, although alternatives are possible that can be tempor-
ally based or metaphorically based for example. Buckingham Shum and Okada (2007;
2008) show how the Compendium software tool can be used to represent content (See
http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=2824#section-4). The textual and content
mapping representations are probably the most common ways in which teachers think
about their designs. However, taking a more activity-focussed approach about using dif-
ferent tools/resources requires other representations.
The Course Map view
The course map view provides an overview of a course at a glance and enables teachers
to think about the design of the course from four meta aspects; namely ‘guidance and
support’, ‘content and activities’, ‘communication and collaboration’ and ‘reflection and
demonstration’.
The course map representation gives an ‘at a glance’ overview of the course. The repres-
entation is based on articulation of the gross-level aspects of what the learner is doing and
how they are learning (information/experience, communication/interaction and
thinking/reflection), the guidance/support they receive and the way in which they are ex-
pected to evidence/demonstrate their learning. A 3D-representation of the course map
nicely illustrates the relationship between the three aspects of student learning and the
overall guidance/support and the ultimate evidence/demonstration of their understanding.
The representation enables you to describe the course in terms of the types of learning
activities the learner is undertaking as well as the guidance and support provided and the
nature of any assessment. The table below describes the five facets of the representation
in more detail. Essentially the guidance and support acts as the ‘learning pathway’ and
might include details on the course structure and timetable or links to a course calendar or
study guide. Information/experience translates to the content of the course and what the
learners are doing, communication/interaction to the social dimensions of the course and
thinking/reflection to meta-cognition. Finally it may take the form of diagnostic, format-
ive or summative assessment.
The pedagogy profile
The pedagogy profile is a worked up version of the media advisor toolkit developed some
years ago (Media Advisor, nd; Conole and Oliver, 1998), modernised against task types
2
5. developed as part of recently developed learning activity taxonomy (Conole, 2008). In es-
sence there are six types of tasks learners can do:
• Assimilative – reading, listening, viewing
• Information handling – manipulating data or text
• Communicative – discussing, critiquing, etc
• Productive – an essay, architectural model, etc
• Experiential – practising, mimicking, applying, etc
• Adaptive – modelling or simulation
In addition, learners undertake some form of assessment activities. You can then use these
to create a pedagogy profile for a course – indicating the proportion of each type of tasks.
An interactive pedagogy widget is now also available in the Cloudworks site
(http://cloudworks.ac.uk/index.php/cloud/view/2459)
The task swimlane representation
The task swimlane representation describes the level of a learning activity typical of a
few hours in duration. It is derived from an underlying learning activity taxonomy (Con-
ole, 2008), which describes the components that need to be addressed when designing at
this level (such as the tools and resources involved in the activity, the kinds of task the
students will do, the roles of those involved, etc.). Whilst some of these components scale
up to the level of curriculum design, this level brings additional levels of complexity.
How can you map across the design process? What are the relationships between the dif-
ferent components at this level and what are the interdependencies?
The task swimlane representation is useful in terms of designing at the learning activity
level. The figure shows a simple task swimline representation drawn in CompendiumLD.
Each role has an associated line of tasks and associated tools and resources. This is an ex-
ample of what McKim (1980) categorises as link-node diagrams, where concepts/entities
are represented as nodes and where the connections between the nodes have meaning. In
our work so far nodes and links have been given equal weight, but it is also possible to
use size or boldness as a means of conveying relative importance. The core learning
design icon set in the tool are derived from an underlying learning activity taxonomy
(Conole, 2008a). The tool also includes embedded help features and can be exported in a
number of formats (see Conole et al. 2008 for more on CompendiumLD). Task swimlines
can also be used to describe activities based on specific design types. For example the
‘Think-pair-share’ pedagogical pattern represented by Hernández et al. (2005) as a meta-
phorical visualisation, can also be represented as a task swim-line ( http://cloudwork-
s.ac.uk/cloud/view/1800)
Learning outcomes map
In addition to mapping at the level of individual activities it is also important to be able to
map at the meso- and macro-level in terms of mapping different components of the
course; such as learning outcomes, content, activities and assessment. Standard mind
mapping and concept mapping tools can be really helpful in laying out and making these
kinds of connections. A number of different configurations and layouts can be envisaged.
The figure shows a mapping of learning outcomes to activities for a recently run blended
design workshop (see the following set of web pages http://cloudworks.ac.uk/index.php/
cloudscape/view/1912 for more details on the workshop and activities). Sherborne (2008)
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6. argues that ‘concept mapping could help curriculum developers and teachers at various
stages of the [design] process. The ability of maps to focus on key ideas and their connec-
tions may help curriculum designers to survive better the translation into classroom ex-
perience and promote collaborative working methods.’
The Learning Outcomes view enables the teacher to judge to what extent there is con-
structive alignment (Biggs, 1999) with the course, i.e. it looks at how the learning out-
comes map to the student activities and to the assessment tasks.
The course dimensions view
The Course Dimensions view gives a better indication of the nature of the course and
how it is supported. For example, it indicates to what extent the course is online, how
much it is tutor-guided and the amount of collaborative or activity-based activities are in-
cluded.
Principles/pedagogy matrix
This representation articulates the pedagogical approach being adopted by the course and
the overarching principles (See Conole, 2008b for more details). It provides a matrix that
maps the principles of the course against four macro-level aspects of pedagogy. Prin-
ciples might be generated/articulated by the course team (for example getting the students
to reflect on experience and show understanding or incorporating frequent interactive ex-
ercises and feedback across the course) or might be derived from theory or empirical
evidence (for example the REAP assessment principles (Nicol, 2009).
Variants on the matrix are also possible. For example mapping principles to course activ-
ities, or mapping the principles to a different set of pedagogical characteristics (for ex-
ample Bloom’s educational taxonomy, the REAP principles or Laurillard’s conversational
framework).
Evaluation of the views
The representations presented here have been trialled in a number of venues and appear
to provide robust and useful representations. These visualisation representations are en-
abling practitioners to be more creative in their design practice, thinking beyond the sub-
ject content to a focus on what the learners will be doing. The task swimlane representa-
tion for example has been used extensively and is built into our visualisation tool Com-
pendiumLD (Conole et al. 2008). The pedagogy planner and the course map representa-
tions were used at a Blended Design Challenge workshop, to help guide teams to design
(http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloud/view/2640). A 3D ‘task-in-context to pedagogy’ map has
been produced, based on earlier work (see Conole et al., 2004 and Conole, 2008) and we
have also being exploring data-derived representations such as views based on financial
data for a course or student performance data (See
http://cloudworks.ac.uk/index.php/cloudscape/view/1907 for more details). We have also
evaluated a series of workshops exploring the use of these design representations with
pedagogical patterns work (Dimitriadis et al. 2009; Conole et al. 2010).
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7. An example of application of the representa-
tions
The previous section described the general nature of the views this section describes
these applied to the learning intervention. The learning intervention was designed as part
of the X-Delia project. which is exploring the use of gaming technologies with traders
and investors. In terms of timescales the learning pathway is intended to extend over six
months, different individuals will do different aspects and some may take forward into
their work practice, therefore the following are intended as an indicative average amount
of time on different aspects of the learning intervention; in reality of course different
learners will spend a different amount of time working on this.
Course view
1.Guidance and support: a self-directed learning pathway (up to six months)
2.Content and activities: games, didactic material, real-world practice
3.Communication and collaboration: peer discussion in the forums
4.Reflection and demonstration: diagnostic feedback), critical reflection
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8. Pedagogical profile
1.Assimilative: didactic content (10 mins to 1 hr depending on choices made by the
individuals)
2.Information handing: index game (for each iteration 30 mins – 1 hr) and aiming
game (for each iteration 30 mins to 1 hr)
3.Communication: peer discussion (Zero to several times a week 1hr)
4.Production: non
5.Experiential: trading practice (1 hr per week to review the feedback)
6.Adaptive: none
7.Assessment: diagnostic feedback (1 hr), critical reflection (10 mins at the end of
every trading session)
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9. Course dimensions
Learning outcomes
1.Understand the disposition effect and emotional regulation
2.Improved awareness of own profile in relation to the disposition effect and emo-
tional regulation
3.Develop skills in relation to the disposition effect and emotional regulation in a
learning environment
4.Support a transfer of skills into practice
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10. Task swimlane
The following learning activities make up the learning intervention:
1.Diagnostic feedback via an e-assessment tool via a questionnaire and via calcula-
tions based on their existing trading history if they have one, and the two-index game.
2.Some propositional knowledge about what all this is about via a series of videos,
whereby different video segments are delivered based on your response to the survey
and calculations. Feedback becomes a vehicle for didactic delivery of content
3.Engage with two types of games iteratively – two index game (disposition effect)
game getting feedback each time the extent to which they are displaying a disposi-
tional effect and get access to a play environment where they can manage their emo-
tional arousal in the aiming game. Each game has a number of levels of difficulty.
4.Also learning interventions about developing mindfulness, which will be delivered
online, includes a tool on paced breathing meditation for example
5.Use sensors to review their emotional status in a trading context in a day trading
centre (optional)
6.Access to peer discussion so that they can come together in peer learning groups in
discussion forums for peer support and peer learning
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11. 7.Write down and review real world trading practices, engage in critical reflection,
this includes recording and reviewing emotional state (for example rating yourself on
the extent you have experience particular emotional states). Also make notes on what
causes the emotions and what impact you think that has had on how you behave.
Conclusion
Representing design in a range of formats, beyond simple text can help practitioners to
think more creatively about their designs and can lead to new insights and understand-
ings. There are parallels with Vygotsky’s notions of language as a mediating artefact,
‘thought is not merely expressed in [drawings], it comes into existence through them’
(quoted in Stubbs and Gibbons, 2008: 37). This chapter has attempted to categorise and
outline a number of representations and their purposes. The selection chosen attempts to
cover the full spectrum of designs: from learning activities to whole curriculum designs.
But as Stubbs and Gibbons (2008: 46) point out ‘As important as drawing may be to the
design process, it rarely stands alone. Design drawings are nearly always accompanied by
narrative, which supplements and adds meaning.’ They quote Bruner ‘We organise our
experiences and our memory of human happenings mainly in the form of narrative – stor-
ies, excuses, myths, reasons for doing and not doing and so on.’ whereas visual represent-
ations, on the other hand, ‘can render phenomena, relationships and ideas visible, allow-
ing patterns to emerge from apparent disorder to become detectable and available to our
senses and intellect.’ This chapter has described some of the recent work we have been
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12. doing in terms of describing designs. It has contextualised this in broader work in the
field. It is evident that there is currently a lot of interest in this area and that we are mov-
ing towards a clearer understanding of different types of representations and how they
can be used. This section puts forward a draft classification of these representations.
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