The document contains lecture slides from a textbook on American politics discussing the role of media in politics. It covers several topics: the different types of news media and their role as watchdogs; the rise of technology and regulation of broadcast media; the emergence of conglomerates and internet sources; how politicians use media and demands on reporters; and the effects of media on public perceptions through filtering, framing and priming. It also includes sample poll questions and additional slides with images.
This document discusses Jewish control and influence over American media and politics. It claims that six Jewish companies control 96% of the world's media and cites several major media corporations and their Jewish executives. It argues that these organizations and lobbying groups like AIPAC wield significant political influence in Washington, controlling both major political parties. The document suggests this level of control over the flow of information and news has consequences, shaping public opinion and allowing certain groups to control the national discourse. It calls for increasing alternative coverage and means of disseminating information to counter this influence.
This document summarizes a presentation about how social media has impacted journalism. It discusses how journalists are now required to use social media to share information and engage audiences. It outlines the democratic needs of journalism and how social media allows for more direct interaction with the public. However, social media has also led to financial losses for newspapers and challenges traditional definitions of journalism. Overall, journalists must adapt to social media trends to remain relevant and attract new audiences while balancing objectivity.
Journalism is adapting to new technologies and social media. Journalists are now expected to use social media platforms to engage audiences and source information. While this has created new opportunities, it also poses challenges to traditional norms of objectivity and credibility. Journalists must balance maintaining professional standards with adopting new strategies to attract audiences and remain financially viable.
Journalism is adapting to new technologies and social media. Journalists are now expected to use social media platforms to engage audiences and source information. While this has created new opportunities, it also poses challenges to traditional norms of objectivity and credibility. Journalists must balance maintaining professional standards with adopting new strategies to attract audiences and remain financially viable.
This document summarizes a presentation about how social media has impacted journalism. It discusses how journalists are now required to use social media to share information and engage audiences. While social media has helped spread news more quickly, it has also led to job losses in the traditional media industry. Journalists must now find ways to make their stories entertaining on social platforms to attract viewers while maintaining standards of objectivity and accuracy.
Journalism is adapting to social media by encouraging journalists to engage audiences on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. This allows journalists to directly interact with the public, share breaking news quickly, and incorporate user-generated content. However, this has also challenged traditional journalistic norms of objectivity and led to job losses in the print industry. As audiences get news from various social media sources, journalists must find new ways to build trust and remain a credible source of information.
The document outlines a communications and marketing plan to promote a report called "The Security Demographic" through the summer and fall of 2004. The plan's goals are to educate military, policymaking, and public audiences about the connections between population issues and conflict. Key elements include securing media coverage and op-eds around relevant events, distributing the report to influential contacts, and engaging international audiences.
Second marcomm plan for The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Confli...Tawana Jacobs, APR
Marketing communications plan prepared to support the continued distribution in Population Action International's inaugural Security Demographic publication.
This document discusses Jewish control and influence over American media and politics. It claims that six Jewish companies control 96% of the world's media and cites several major media corporations and their Jewish executives. It argues that these organizations and lobbying groups like AIPAC wield significant political influence in Washington, controlling both major political parties. The document suggests this level of control over the flow of information and news has consequences, shaping public opinion and allowing certain groups to control the national discourse. It calls for increasing alternative coverage and means of disseminating information to counter this influence.
This document summarizes a presentation about how social media has impacted journalism. It discusses how journalists are now required to use social media to share information and engage audiences. It outlines the democratic needs of journalism and how social media allows for more direct interaction with the public. However, social media has also led to financial losses for newspapers and challenges traditional definitions of journalism. Overall, journalists must adapt to social media trends to remain relevant and attract new audiences while balancing objectivity.
Journalism is adapting to new technologies and social media. Journalists are now expected to use social media platforms to engage audiences and source information. While this has created new opportunities, it also poses challenges to traditional norms of objectivity and credibility. Journalists must balance maintaining professional standards with adopting new strategies to attract audiences and remain financially viable.
Journalism is adapting to new technologies and social media. Journalists are now expected to use social media platforms to engage audiences and source information. While this has created new opportunities, it also poses challenges to traditional norms of objectivity and credibility. Journalists must balance maintaining professional standards with adopting new strategies to attract audiences and remain financially viable.
This document summarizes a presentation about how social media has impacted journalism. It discusses how journalists are now required to use social media to share information and engage audiences. While social media has helped spread news more quickly, it has also led to job losses in the traditional media industry. Journalists must now find ways to make their stories entertaining on social platforms to attract viewers while maintaining standards of objectivity and accuracy.
Journalism is adapting to social media by encouraging journalists to engage audiences on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. This allows journalists to directly interact with the public, share breaking news quickly, and incorporate user-generated content. However, this has also challenged traditional journalistic norms of objectivity and led to job losses in the print industry. As audiences get news from various social media sources, journalists must find new ways to build trust and remain a credible source of information.
The document outlines a communications and marketing plan to promote a report called "The Security Demographic" through the summer and fall of 2004. The plan's goals are to educate military, policymaking, and public audiences about the connections between population issues and conflict. Key elements include securing media coverage and op-eds around relevant events, distributing the report to influential contacts, and engaging international audiences.
Second marcomm plan for The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Confli...Tawana Jacobs, APR
Marketing communications plan prepared to support the continued distribution in Population Action International's inaugural Security Demographic publication.
The document discusses issues with the U.S. press system and how it failed in its coverage of the Iraq War. Specifically, news organizations often depend on government and business interests which can shape their reporting to favor official viewpoints. As a result, independent voices challenging government claims may not receive adequate coverage. This indexing of voices in the news to levels of conflict in government limits diverse perspectives, as seen in the largely uncritical reporting of claims for going to war in Iraq. The document suggests citizens can work to develop better information sources, participate in citizen journalism, and support media reform organizations.
This document discusses the influence of various media on American politics. It addresses the impact of television, the internet, radio and newspapers. It explores how the media can shape public opinion on issues and influence politics through agenda setting and framing issues. The document also discusses the role of media consolidation, regulation of media, examples of bias, and how politicians have utilized different forms of media throughout history.
This chapter discusses the history and impact of mass media in American politics. It addresses how media has changed over time from newspapers to radio, TV, and the internet. It also analyzes how media can influence politics through agenda-setting and framing of issues. Additionally, it examines criticisms of potential bias or corporate influence over media and debates around ensuring accuracy, objectivity and press freedom.
The study examined the effects of exposure to The Daily Show on political learning and information seeking. It found that for less politically interested viewers, exposure to political issues through comedy programs like The Daily Show was associated with increased attention to those issues in other hard news media, supporting the "gateway hypothesis". Two studies showed those with low political interest spent more time seeking information on issues first exposed through comedy compared to hard news or mixed clips. However, political comedy was more likely to produce issue recognition versus recall of details, suggesting its limitations for political learning. The role of political comedy in democracy was discussed.
The advent of cable news has created a "news of ideology." This means that each of the major networks (CNN, Fox News and MSNBC) all present the news from a strong political standpoint. This lecture discusses what it means to be on the left and on the right--and the objectivity troubles journalists often face in this news climate.
This document discusses the history of media bias in the United States. It outlines how the media landscape has become increasingly polarized over time, with traditional mainstream media portrayed as liberal and new conservative media like Fox News and Breitbart attacking the mainstream. This polarization has contributed to a situation where facts reported by nonpartisan groups are dismissed as "fake news" if they do not align with certain political viewpoints. The document questions how journalism can fulfill its obligation to truth and hold politicians accountable in this asymmetric environment of polarization.
The document provides a history of U.S. public diplomacy from the early 20th century to present day. It discusses the establishment of various public diplomacy organizations over time such as the Committee on Public Information during WWI, the U.S. Information Agency during the Cold War, and cultural exchange programs like the Fulbright Program. It also examines public diplomacy tools and activities used over the decades, including libraries, art performances, films, radio broadcasts, and more to share American culture and values abroad.
U.S. public diplomacy has evolved over time in response to geopolitical events and technological changes. It began informally through cultural and educational exchanges in the 19th century. During World War I, the Committee on Public Information conducted the first large-scale U.S. propaganda efforts. The Cold War saw the rise of tools like Voice of America radio and cultural programs like jazz diplomacy. Debates continue around the appropriate role of government versus private groups in public diplomacy and how to measure its impact.
The US has the heaviest television viewership in the world at 5 hours per day. It also has high radio listenership. The media system is mostly privately owned by wealthy individuals and large corporations. There is no direct government control of newspapers but the broadcast media is regulated by the FCC. Studies have shown political bias in mainstream media with Republican sources favored over Democrats and a lack of diversity among sources. Journalism education began at the University of Missouri in 1908.
Abernathy2e full ppt08_politics_and_media_editedJohn Seymour
This document discusses the role and power of the media in American democracy. It covers the evolution of media from partisan newspapers to modern digital platforms. It also examines issues of bias, objectivity, and the influence of commercial demands on news content. The document analyzes debates around "fake news" and regulation of media ownership.
The Partisan Divide and American ElectionsPSCIProject
The document discusses how mass media and paid political advertising contribute to polarization and partisan divides in American elections. It outlines four types of media bias - partisan, propaganda, unwitting, and ideological bias - that can encourage partisan perspectives. It proposes partnerships with nonprofit organizations and social media to host debates and discussions analyzing policies and issues from diverse views as a way to indirectly incentivize more factual media reporting.
China has used media diplomacy in the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands issue to shape public opinion and support its claims. The document examines China's media diplomacy between 2012-2013, when coverage of the issue intensified. It finds that China used state-run media like CCTV and Xinhua to promote its position domestically and abroad, strengthen historical narratives of its claims, and mobilize Chinese public support during anti-Japanese protests while maintaining hopes for negotiations. The study aims to analyze how media diplomacy affected public opinion and potentially political decisions regarding the disputed islands.
The document discusses several topics related to politics and the media, including:
1) Different views on the role and purpose of the media, such as providing what the public wants versus balancing public interests.
2) How journalists and media outlets determine what issues to cover and how to frame them, as well as potential biases.
3) The functions of the media, including serving as a link between government and the public, investigating issues, and acting as a watchdog.
4) How groups and politicians use the media in campaigns and how the media can influence elections.
5) The history and development of different media forms such as print, radio, television, and the internet.
This chapter discusses the relationship between mass media and politics in the United States. It covers the development of media politics from early newspapers to modern television, radio, internet and social media. Key topics include how politicians use media to communicate their messages, the increasing adversarial relationship between media and government, and the power of media to set the policy agenda and influence public opinion.
This document discusses the history and evolution of mass media in the United States. It covers the party press of the early 1800s, the rise of popular newspapers by the late 1800s, and the impact of magazines, radio, television, and the internet. It also examines the roles of media as gatekeepers, scorekeepers, and watchdogs. Additionally, it discusses the concept of media bias and how government can influence media through regulation and licensing.
The document discusses media censorship and its effect on public discourse. It argues that media outlets censor information by selectively reporting stories that appeal to their target audiences, failing to ask difficult questions, and framing issues in polarized ways. This can damage public trust and understanding of complex issues. The document also examines how government and self-censorship influence the information that reaches the public, and how agenda-setting and framing theories show that the media has significant power to shape public perceptions through censorship and biased reporting. Overall, the document argues that a transparent, uncensored media is vital for an informed citizenry and democratic society.
PS 101 The Media And American Politics Summer 2008Christopher Rice
This document discusses various aspects of the media and its role in American politics. It begins by defining different types of media and what constitutes "news." It then examines the media's roles as a common carrier, watchdog, signaler, and public representative. The document also explores how the media can influence politics through agenda-setting, framing issues, and potentially exhibiting bias. It discusses the challenges of defining and measuring bias and notes that perceptions of media bias are common. Overall, the document provides an overview of the complex relationship between media and politics in the United States.
Using the weekly news show “Meet the Press” as a model, students will portray George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Barack Obama in a television interview. Students will develop answers to the host’s questions by researching primary documents and current news articles.
Chinese cyberattacks against the US pose long term threats to national security. The US power grid and critical infrastructure sectors are most vulnerable. While the daily number of attacks has decreased since 2015 agreements, China has increased sophistication so attacks are harder to detect. The US lacks effective countermeasures and China has no incentive to fully stop cyber espionage. Future disputes could prompt more attacks aimed at the US private sector.
What is News? Traditional Journalism BasicsBrett Atwood
This document discusses what makes news stories newsworthy and summarizes several key factors that journalists consider, including proximity, timeliness, prominence of individuals/organizations involved, human interest, conflict, consequences, and visual elements. It also addresses the role of journalists in setting the public agenda and balancing objectives like serving audiences while pursuing truth. Gatekeeping and limitations of time/resources are presented as challenges of accurately conveying complex stories.
This document contains lecture slides from a textbook on American politics and public opinion. It discusses key topics around public opinion, including what public opinion is, how it is measured through polls and surveys, how opinions are formed through socialization and groups, and how public opinion can influence government policymaking. It also includes sample poll questions and additional slides with figures and photos illustrating public opinion on issues like the economy, immigration, and terrorism.
The document appears to be a collection of lecture slides from the textbook "American Politics Today, Fifth Edition" which covers various topics related to American politics such as understanding politics, sources of conflict, the political process, public opinion, and ideology. The slides include definitions, figures, polls, and captions but the overarching topic is introducing concepts about the US political system, conflict in American politics, and political participation.
The document discusses issues with the U.S. press system and how it failed in its coverage of the Iraq War. Specifically, news organizations often depend on government and business interests which can shape their reporting to favor official viewpoints. As a result, independent voices challenging government claims may not receive adequate coverage. This indexing of voices in the news to levels of conflict in government limits diverse perspectives, as seen in the largely uncritical reporting of claims for going to war in Iraq. The document suggests citizens can work to develop better information sources, participate in citizen journalism, and support media reform organizations.
This document discusses the influence of various media on American politics. It addresses the impact of television, the internet, radio and newspapers. It explores how the media can shape public opinion on issues and influence politics through agenda setting and framing issues. The document also discusses the role of media consolidation, regulation of media, examples of bias, and how politicians have utilized different forms of media throughout history.
This chapter discusses the history and impact of mass media in American politics. It addresses how media has changed over time from newspapers to radio, TV, and the internet. It also analyzes how media can influence politics through agenda-setting and framing of issues. Additionally, it examines criticisms of potential bias or corporate influence over media and debates around ensuring accuracy, objectivity and press freedom.
The study examined the effects of exposure to The Daily Show on political learning and information seeking. It found that for less politically interested viewers, exposure to political issues through comedy programs like The Daily Show was associated with increased attention to those issues in other hard news media, supporting the "gateway hypothesis". Two studies showed those with low political interest spent more time seeking information on issues first exposed through comedy compared to hard news or mixed clips. However, political comedy was more likely to produce issue recognition versus recall of details, suggesting its limitations for political learning. The role of political comedy in democracy was discussed.
The advent of cable news has created a "news of ideology." This means that each of the major networks (CNN, Fox News and MSNBC) all present the news from a strong political standpoint. This lecture discusses what it means to be on the left and on the right--and the objectivity troubles journalists often face in this news climate.
This document discusses the history of media bias in the United States. It outlines how the media landscape has become increasingly polarized over time, with traditional mainstream media portrayed as liberal and new conservative media like Fox News and Breitbart attacking the mainstream. This polarization has contributed to a situation where facts reported by nonpartisan groups are dismissed as "fake news" if they do not align with certain political viewpoints. The document questions how journalism can fulfill its obligation to truth and hold politicians accountable in this asymmetric environment of polarization.
The document provides a history of U.S. public diplomacy from the early 20th century to present day. It discusses the establishment of various public diplomacy organizations over time such as the Committee on Public Information during WWI, the U.S. Information Agency during the Cold War, and cultural exchange programs like the Fulbright Program. It also examines public diplomacy tools and activities used over the decades, including libraries, art performances, films, radio broadcasts, and more to share American culture and values abroad.
U.S. public diplomacy has evolved over time in response to geopolitical events and technological changes. It began informally through cultural and educational exchanges in the 19th century. During World War I, the Committee on Public Information conducted the first large-scale U.S. propaganda efforts. The Cold War saw the rise of tools like Voice of America radio and cultural programs like jazz diplomacy. Debates continue around the appropriate role of government versus private groups in public diplomacy and how to measure its impact.
The US has the heaviest television viewership in the world at 5 hours per day. It also has high radio listenership. The media system is mostly privately owned by wealthy individuals and large corporations. There is no direct government control of newspapers but the broadcast media is regulated by the FCC. Studies have shown political bias in mainstream media with Republican sources favored over Democrats and a lack of diversity among sources. Journalism education began at the University of Missouri in 1908.
Abernathy2e full ppt08_politics_and_media_editedJohn Seymour
This document discusses the role and power of the media in American democracy. It covers the evolution of media from partisan newspapers to modern digital platforms. It also examines issues of bias, objectivity, and the influence of commercial demands on news content. The document analyzes debates around "fake news" and regulation of media ownership.
The Partisan Divide and American ElectionsPSCIProject
The document discusses how mass media and paid political advertising contribute to polarization and partisan divides in American elections. It outlines four types of media bias - partisan, propaganda, unwitting, and ideological bias - that can encourage partisan perspectives. It proposes partnerships with nonprofit organizations and social media to host debates and discussions analyzing policies and issues from diverse views as a way to indirectly incentivize more factual media reporting.
China has used media diplomacy in the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands issue to shape public opinion and support its claims. The document examines China's media diplomacy between 2012-2013, when coverage of the issue intensified. It finds that China used state-run media like CCTV and Xinhua to promote its position domestically and abroad, strengthen historical narratives of its claims, and mobilize Chinese public support during anti-Japanese protests while maintaining hopes for negotiations. The study aims to analyze how media diplomacy affected public opinion and potentially political decisions regarding the disputed islands.
The document discusses several topics related to politics and the media, including:
1) Different views on the role and purpose of the media, such as providing what the public wants versus balancing public interests.
2) How journalists and media outlets determine what issues to cover and how to frame them, as well as potential biases.
3) The functions of the media, including serving as a link between government and the public, investigating issues, and acting as a watchdog.
4) How groups and politicians use the media in campaigns and how the media can influence elections.
5) The history and development of different media forms such as print, radio, television, and the internet.
This chapter discusses the relationship between mass media and politics in the United States. It covers the development of media politics from early newspapers to modern television, radio, internet and social media. Key topics include how politicians use media to communicate their messages, the increasing adversarial relationship between media and government, and the power of media to set the policy agenda and influence public opinion.
This document discusses the history and evolution of mass media in the United States. It covers the party press of the early 1800s, the rise of popular newspapers by the late 1800s, and the impact of magazines, radio, television, and the internet. It also examines the roles of media as gatekeepers, scorekeepers, and watchdogs. Additionally, it discusses the concept of media bias and how government can influence media through regulation and licensing.
The document discusses media censorship and its effect on public discourse. It argues that media outlets censor information by selectively reporting stories that appeal to their target audiences, failing to ask difficult questions, and framing issues in polarized ways. This can damage public trust and understanding of complex issues. The document also examines how government and self-censorship influence the information that reaches the public, and how agenda-setting and framing theories show that the media has significant power to shape public perceptions through censorship and biased reporting. Overall, the document argues that a transparent, uncensored media is vital for an informed citizenry and democratic society.
PS 101 The Media And American Politics Summer 2008Christopher Rice
This document discusses various aspects of the media and its role in American politics. It begins by defining different types of media and what constitutes "news." It then examines the media's roles as a common carrier, watchdog, signaler, and public representative. The document also explores how the media can influence politics through agenda-setting, framing issues, and potentially exhibiting bias. It discusses the challenges of defining and measuring bias and notes that perceptions of media bias are common. Overall, the document provides an overview of the complex relationship between media and politics in the United States.
Using the weekly news show “Meet the Press” as a model, students will portray George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Barack Obama in a television interview. Students will develop answers to the host’s questions by researching primary documents and current news articles.
Chinese cyberattacks against the US pose long term threats to national security. The US power grid and critical infrastructure sectors are most vulnerable. While the daily number of attacks has decreased since 2015 agreements, China has increased sophistication so attacks are harder to detect. The US lacks effective countermeasures and China has no incentive to fully stop cyber espionage. Future disputes could prompt more attacks aimed at the US private sector.
What is News? Traditional Journalism BasicsBrett Atwood
This document discusses what makes news stories newsworthy and summarizes several key factors that journalists consider, including proximity, timeliness, prominence of individuals/organizations involved, human interest, conflict, consequences, and visual elements. It also addresses the role of journalists in setting the public agenda and balancing objectives like serving audiences while pursuing truth. Gatekeeping and limitations of time/resources are presented as challenges of accurately conveying complex stories.
This document contains lecture slides from a textbook on American politics and public opinion. It discusses key topics around public opinion, including what public opinion is, how it is measured through polls and surveys, how opinions are formed through socialization and groups, and how public opinion can influence government policymaking. It also includes sample poll questions and additional slides with figures and photos illustrating public opinion on issues like the economy, immigration, and terrorism.
The document appears to be a collection of lecture slides from the textbook "American Politics Today, Fifth Edition" which covers various topics related to American politics such as understanding politics, sources of conflict, the political process, public opinion, and ideology. The slides include definitions, figures, polls, and captions but the overarching topic is introducing concepts about the US political system, conflict in American politics, and political participation.
This document contains lecture slides about American foreign policy from the textbook "American Politics Today". It discusses key topics in foreign policy including its history, principles, makers and tools. The history section outlines America's shift from isolationism to internationalism following World War I and II. It also examines periods like the Cold War and modern terrorism. The document analyzes the roles of the executive branch, Congress, courts and interest groups in shaping foreign policy. It concludes by detailing diplomatic, economic, military and alliance-based tools used to achieve foreign policy goals.
The document summarizes a chapter from the textbook "American Politics Today" about social policy in the United States. It discusses the history of social policy beginning with the New Deal era and the expansion of programs like Social Security. It also examines current key social policies and debates, including Social Security and its long-term funding challenges, the Affordable Care Act and debates around health care reform, and anti-poverty programs like welfare, Medicaid and food assistance. Public opinion on issues of equality of opportunity, the role of government, and specific social programs is also reviewed.
The document summarizes a chapter from an American politics textbook about interest groups. It defines interest groups as organizations that aim to influence policy through electioneering and lobbying. It discusses different types of interest groups and how they are organized. It also outlines strategies interest groups use to influence policymakers, such as direct lobbying, drafting legislation, and shaping public opinion. Additionally, it examines challenges interest groups face in overcoming collective action problems and getting members to participate.
American Government - Chapter 10 - Mediacyruskarimian
The document discusses the evolving relationship between media and politics in the United States over time. It describes how colonial newspapers promoted political discussion and independence, while the development of new printing technologies in the 1830s freed the press from financial dependence on political parties. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, sensationalistic "yellow journalism" and investigative "muckraking" journalism gained popularity before objectivity in reporting became emphasized. More recently, trends include declining newspaper readership, less news attention from young people who use social media more, and "narrowcasting" of tailored political messages.
The document discusses the influence of mass media on politics and policymaking. It describes how media shape public opinion and the political agenda by influencing what issues are considered important. It traces the development of media politics from print media to broadcast television to new technologies like cable news channels and the internet. The media are biased toward dramatic stories and images in their pursuit of large audiences and advertising profits.
The document discusses the influence of media on politics and governance in the United States. It covers several topics:
1. The evolution of different media (television, radio, newspapers, internet) and their changing influence over time. Television became the dominant media and changed politics through 24-hour news coverage.
2. The media's influence on public opinion through agenda-setting and framing issues. However, their influence is limited by factors like political biases and selective exposure.
3. The role of media in elections, including influencing candidate choices, campaign events, use of consultants and advisors, and a focus on personality over substance. National campaigns receive more coverage than local ones.
4. The relationship
The lesson focused on analyzing political media and its influence. Students learned how to examine clips for bias, understand the message being conveyed, and consider how the clip aims to shape public opinion. They practiced this by analyzing several video clips and discussing how the media can both positively and negatively impact politics through influencing voters and officials.
The document discusses various aspects of media coverage of American politics. It addresses what constitutes "the media", what types of events tend to get covered, and the importance of high-quality information for democracy. It also examines sources that Americans use to get their political information, the impact of media concentration, and whether the media has a liberal or conservative bias. Finally, it discusses the different roles media can play in a democracy, such as common carrier, watchdog, signaler and public representative.
The document discusses the role of mass media in politics. It explains that modern political success depends on controlling the media image. Politicians use media to communicate their messages to the public and control the flow of information. The media acts as a gatekeeper that sets the political agenda, influences public opinion, and monitors politicians. However, media reporting is also a business influenced by profits, ownership, and biases that can shape what stories are covered and how they are presented.
The document is a set of lecture slides about the federal bureaucracy from the textbook "American Politics Today". It discusses the functions and makeup of the federal bureaucracy, how regulations are developed, and influences on bureaucratic rule making. It also covers expertise and criticism of bureaucracies, oversight and control of bureaucracies, and the history of the American bureaucracy from the Progressive Era to modern reforms. Public opinion on bureaucracies and hypothetical poll questions are also presented.
The document discusses issues with modern American media, including its focus on profit over informing citizens, consolidation of media ownership, and reluctance to criticize government. It analyzes how this impacted coverage of the Iraq war and 2004 election. Presidential candidates Dennis Kucinich and Howard Dean received little coverage after criticizing media monopolies and discussing important issues. John Kerry received more attention as a "safe" candidate who avoided controversy, despite being ill-suited to challenge Bush, who benefited from friendly media that focused on personality over policy.
The document discusses the influence of mass media on politics and policymaking. It describes the media's roles in setting the political agenda, influencing public opinion, and shaping how politicians present themselves and issues. While the media aims to inform the public and hold politicians accountable, there are concerns about superficial coverage, bias towards sensationalism, and conflicts of interest as media has consolidated into a few large corporations. Politicians have also learned to control and manipulate the media to advance their own agendas.
PS 101 The Media And American Politics Fall 2008Christopher Rice
The document discusses the role of media in American politics. It defines what is considered "the media" and discusses its roles as a common carrier, watchdog, signaler and public representative. The document also explores the concepts of bias, objectivity and agenda setting in the media and debates whether and how bias can exist in reporting. It notes that while bias may be difficult to define and measure, media coverage can still reflect certain tendencies that favor some interests over others.
Discovering, Detecting and Attacking Liberal Media BiasAccuracy in Media
Accuracy in Media was founded in 1969 to expose media bias through watchdog efforts like panel discussions and letters to editors. While the media landscape has changed with new platforms, AIM argues bias still exists, citing lack of coverage of scandals like IRS targeting and climate change terminology shifts. AIM advocates critical thinking about news and encourages consuming alternative views to become one's own watchdog against slanted coverage that can influence public opinion.
The document contains lecture slides from the textbook "American Politics Today" covering the topic of elections in the United States. It discusses the functions of elections, the primary and general election process, how congressional and presidential elections are determined, campaign fundamentals like fundraising and advertising, and conclusions from the 2016 election. Public opinion poll questions are also included at the end.
Fic0114 lecture 9 newsgathering & reportingPhilip Gan
1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in mass communication and journalism, including theories of the press, news values, types of news stories, and how the digital revolution has impacted news gathering and reporting.
2. It discusses the rise of citizen journalism, blogs, and hyperlocal news online. New tools and convergence of skills have also affected reporting in the digital age.
3. While audiences for news have declined across most media, the internet has increased options for customizing news from various sources. Print, broadcast, and online journalism each have strengths and weaknesses in informing the public.
The document outlines a chapter about the mass media and the political agenda. It includes sections on the mass media today, the development of media politics, reporting the news, the news and public opinion, policy entrepreneurs and agenda setting, and understanding the mass media. Each section includes learning objectives and outlines key topics and concepts to be covered in that part of the chapter.
This document discusses a lesson on presidential introductions that is split into 5 parts. It asks how the lyrics of the song "Fortunate Son" relate to the American presidency and what the overall message of the songwriter is. The lesson aims to introduce students to concepts around the US presidency.
This document discusses fiscal policy and the multiplier effect through a series of scenarios. It explains that an increase in spending, such as from government spending or tax cuts, can have a multiplier effect as that new spending becomes income for others and continues circulating. However, increased government borrowing to fund spending can raise interest rates and "crowd out" private investment. It also discusses how fiscal policy tools like tax increases can combat inflation by reducing aggregate demand.
This document appears to be a lesson on the concept of sovereign states. It includes definitions and examples related to the four key features that define a sovereign state: a permanent population, defined territory, government, and sovereignty. It discusses topics like what makes a country a country, the roles of government, and features of a state's population and territory. The lesson uses questions, diagrams, and activities to engage students in understanding the concept of sovereign states.
The document contains certificates from the 2021 session of the HHS E-Congress certifying that 12 bills authored by students passed in the House of Representatives. The bills cover topics including minor consent to vaccines, humane disciplinary acts, increased funding for opportunities, renewable energy incorporation, teacher salary accommodation, reduction and prevention of homelessness, job programs to combat homelessness, nectar bearing flower's tax credit, and fixing the system. All bills were sponsored by the Youth Leadership Initiative.
The document appears to be a series of slides from an AP review lesson on day 2. It covers various topics related to US constitutional law and Supreme Court cases, including discussions of enumerated vs implied powers, the impact of key cases like McCulloch v. Maryland and Marbury v. Madison, and comparisons of different court cases. It also includes brief quizzes on required court cases and foundational documents like the Articles of Confederation.
The document appears to be a 14-page lesson on the 2nd Amendment and firearm regulation in the United States. It presents 4 proposals related to gun laws and asks the reader to state if they would personally support each proposal and if the Supreme Court would find it constitutional, explaining their reasoning for both. The proposals relate to restrictions on carrying handguns in public, banning high-capacity magazines, restricting gun ownership for those living with felons, and limiting the rate of fire for certain weapons.
This document provides an overview of Unit 3 in AP Government, which covers civil liberties and civil rights. It notes that the unit will include 2 chapters, 9 court cases, and 1 required document. It also provides test dates and formats for the AP exam in May, with the paper and pencil exam on May 3 at the student's high school, and the digital exam from home on May 20. The document indicates civil liberties are rooted in the Bill of Rights and protect individuals from government overreach, while civil rights rely on the 14th Amendment and protect individuals from discrimination.
The document discusses the Supreme Court nomination process. It explains that the President nominates Supreme Court justices and the Senate holds confirmation hearings and votes on whether to approve the nomination. It also discusses different judicial philosophies that influence a President's selection of nominees and how the nomination and confirmation process allows the executive and legislative branches to check the judicial branch.
This document appears to be a series of slides from an online lesson about the executive branch of the US government and bureaucracy. It includes definitions of key terms, examples of executive agencies and their roles, quizzes and discussion questions about regulations and enforcement. The goal seems to be helping students understand the large network of departments, agencies, and roles within the executive branch.
This document is a 30-page lesson on the legislative process. It includes sections on when a congressman might act as a delegate or trustee, an open-ended question, a Schoolhouse Rock video, another open-ended question on why so few bills become law, and a quiz on the legislative process. The lesson covers the typical steps bills go through in Congress, from introduction to committee work to floor debates to the president.
This document appears to be a 31-slide lesson on how Congress works. It includes slides with text, questions for students to answer, and political cartoons. The slides cover topics like the composition of Congress, differences between the House and Senate, the role of party leadership and committees, and the legislative process. The goal seems to be to educate students on the structure and functions of the U.S. Congress.
The document is a lesson about the peaceful transfer of power in the US presidency. It includes sections on Ronald Reagan's 1981 inaugural address, where he notes that the regular transfer of power through elections seems miraculous globally. It asks how cooperation in transitions safeguards the American Republic. Learners are prompted to explain why transitions illustrate the success of the US experiment or are important domestically and internationally.
This document appears to be a lesson plan on the role of media. It includes links to various news articles and videos. The lesson discusses how different types of media outlets have different agendas that influence which stories they choose to cover. It also addresses how commercial news sources make money through advertising and aim to attract audiences. The lesson quizzes students on these concepts and asks them to reflect on questions about media influence and setting the public agenda.
This document is a 50-page lesson on interest groups. It includes definitions of interest groups, examples of different types of interest groups like the Sierra Club and AARP, activities they engage in like lobbying and donating money, and quizzes about interest groups. The lesson explains how interest groups try to influence public policy and elections by informing the public, endorsing political candidates, and lobbying the government.
This document is a 38-page lesson on the connection between money and politics. It includes a Pink Floyd music video, discussion questions, explanations of terms like interest groups, political action committees (PACs), and super PACs. It also discusses how these groups can raise and spend unlimited sums to influence elections, and covers the Supreme Court's Citizens United decision that deregulated campaign finance laws. The lesson aims to explain how interest groups, political donations, and spending work within the political process in the United States.
This document is a lesson on primaries and caucuses that is presented over 35 slides. It includes information about the general process of the presidential election, a timeline activity, an election calendar, videos explaining how primaries and caucuses work, quizzes comparing primaries and caucuses, and open-ended discussion questions about advantages of each and a state's primary process. Students are asked to create a Venn diagram to contrast primaries and caucuses. The lesson provides information to help students understand the differences between primaries and caucuses and how the presidential nomination process unfolds.
The document discusses political parties and the two-party system in the United States. It includes questions about party roles, platforms, and voter registration. There are also true/false questions testing understanding of independent voters, third party candidates, party access and information, and the balance of power between parties in Congress. The purpose is to help students learn about the characteristics and functions of the two dominant political parties in the US.
This document discusses fiscal and monetary policy tools used by governments and central banks to influence aggregate demand and stabilize economies. Fiscal policy tools include changes to government spending and taxes by Congress and the President. Monetary policy tools are used by the Federal Reserve and include open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rates. Both fiscal and monetary policies can be either expansionary or contractionary depending on whether their goal is to increase or decrease aggregate demand to address recessionary or inflationary gaps in the economy.
This document appears to be a series of lessons examining global opinion on various topics based on poll data and graphs. It includes open-ended questions asking students to summarize information, identify trends or inconsistencies, and compare opinions across different countries and time periods. Students are prompted to analyze differences in how favorably various nations view the American people versus the United States. The lesson examines topics like priorities around jobs versus the environment, views of U.S. anti-terrorism efforts, and support for continued Western military presence.
This document discusses the concept of federalism in the United States, focusing on the landmark Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland. It presents information on the enumerated and reserved powers of the federal and state governments. It also considers whether the federal government has the authority to establish a national bank and whether states can tax that bank, addressing arguments made in McCulloch v. Maryland. Open-ended questions ask about the advantages of a national bank, why states may feel threatened by one, and whether certain laws are justified by implied federal powers.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
18. How it works: in theory
Filtering
Editor decides which stories are
important and will attract an audience.
19. Framing
Reporter’s story includes
the overall argument and
other information that
shapes what the audience
learns.
The people
have a point!
Chaos in
the streets!
Priming
By describing events using some
words or phrases and omitting others,
the reporter has additional influence
over what the audience learns.
20. Filtering, Framing, and Priming
Decision about where, when, and how to carry the story gives an additional
opportunity for filtering. In addition, the editor can make changes to a story that
involve framing, and priming.
21. Filtering
It’s not a story...
Anyone who received a message from
Clinton during her tenure as secretary
of State knew about her e-mail
practices...
until it is!
How it works: in practice
Reporters in need of a story could always rely on U.S. Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump to say something they could write a story around. But did media coverage of Trump provide voters with the information they needed to assess whether he would be a good president? @realDonaldTrump
Rhetorical question: What does all of this criticism of the mass media have to do with politicians?
The media is supposed to be a watchdog and monitor politicians, government actions, and policy debates—and report all of this to citizens.
But the media is frequently attracted to spectacles:
Horrific crimes,
Political and celebrity scandals,
Election-year “horse races.”
This gives rise to common media sayings like, “Sex sells,” or, “If it bleeds, it leads.”
Worse, the media can often rush to judgment based on flimsy, almost nonexistent evidence.
For example: Can you remember the “Balloon Boy” hoax? In retrospect, it was an unsophisticated ploy for attention—which it achieved.
Many observers blame the media for gaps in Americans’ political knowledge, low levels of civic engagement, and distrust of the federal government.
These critics would like to see increased coverage of the complex trade-offs facing elected officials and bureaucrats while also holding politicians accountable for their campaign promises and behavior in office.
What is the role of the media in American political life? How did it get to be this way? What, if anything, do current trends portend about the future of the mass media in politics?
The New York Journal’s advocacy of war with Spain did not cause the conflict—but its steady stream of pro-war coverage did shape public opinion.
Even early on, media was important in American government: Benjamin Franklin published the Pennsylvania Gazette while America was still a colony.
In the year after independence, when the nation was governed by the Articles of Confederation, The Federalist Papers (which, recall, argued for a constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation) was published as a series of columns in Federalist newspapers. So, in some sense, newspapers were partisan before political parties existed!
Thomas Jefferson blamed his 1796 election defeat to John Adams on scandalous lies printed about him in northern newspapers. President Adams signed the “Alien and Sedition Acts” of 1798, which made criticizing the government a crime. When Jefferson defeated Adams in the election of 1800, he let those acts expire rather than using them to his own advantage.
Even in the nineteenth century, technological change led to different ways of information consumption. Printing presses enabled the “penny press” to produce copies cheaply and increase circulation. The telegraph and wire service allowed reporters to go out on assignment and get information back home quickly.
Investigative journalists were commonly known as “Muckrakers” because they would dig deeply into a particular topic of public concern, often targeting government failures and inefficiencies. (Key names are Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida Tarbell.) The classic film Citizen Kane famously portrays a fictionalized version of William Randolph Hearst, a major publisher during the time that muckraking became a major movement in journalism.
With the development of national radio networks in the 1920s and 1930s, Americans throughout the nation could hear coverage of important events as they occurred.
Under the FCC’s equal time regulations, having Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump host NBC’s Saturday Night Live meant that NBC had to give free television time to other candidates.
Most major newspaper, television, and radio companies upload their content to their websites and apps to reach as broad a network as possible. The Internet has facilitated the development of deep but narrow media sources like Politico, Vox, and FiveThirtyEight, which offer insight into American politics that would likely not have been possible otherwise.
The Internet also removes the dependence people have on their local newspaper for political news, and lowers the barriers between political journalists and consumers, as they can interact on social media. Nonetheless, the low barriers for publication on the Internet allow incorrect or misleading information to be presented as fact, often with little fact checking or concern for accuracy.
The question raised by Table 7.1 is whether the differences in issue positions and policy demands of liberals and conservatives in America are driven by the differences in media sources—do some people demand liberal policies because they listen to NPR, while others demand conservative policies because they listen to Rush Limbaugh? The answer is almost surely no. As we discussed in Chapter 6 (“Public Opinion”), people aren’t liberal or conservative because of the stories they listen to, watch, or read—their beliefs run much deeper than that.
If you’re looking for someone to blame for Americans’ lack of knowledge about politics, the mass media is not a good candidate. While most sources fall short in one way or another, there is a wealth of information available, most of it for free. But most people never search for political information and ignore much of what they encounter. Journalists can do the most effective reporting possible—providing in-depth, balanced coverage of critical events—but unless people take time to read or view that coverage, they will remain uninformed.
In the relationship between government and the media, who has the upper hand?
It’s not a question with a simple answer. Members of the government have first, and often exclusive, access to the news that reporters need. Often political actors trade access to this information for favorable coverage. Politicians want media coverage that highlights their achievements in order to build public support and secure election (or re-election), bureaucrats want favorable attention for their programs, and interest groups want publicity to further their causes.
Politicians try to influence coverage by providing select information, often to favored reporters who they think will cover a story in the “right” way. Sometimes politicians hold press conferences where they take questions from the media. Other times, they speak to single reporters or to a group on background or off the record, meaning that they can be quoted, but not by name.
But attempts to shape media coverage only work some of the time: while politicians can control press access, they cannot control what reporters write on. Mistakes and gaffes might hurt a politician’s standing, but they tend to reach a large audience and boost recognition of the reporter.
People inside the government with access to sensitive information (either politically embarrassing information, evidence of illegal activity, or even classified information) can leak information to the media. In an organization as large and complex as the federal government, leaks are almost inevitable.
When presented with a leak, the government has two (imperfect) types of recourse:
It can investigate and attempt to prosecute the leaker, or
It can plead with news agencies not to release sensitive information.
The first option risks a popular backlash against heavy-handed tactics; the second relies on the judgment of the media. We saw this play out when Eric Snowden leaked information about the previously unknown extent of National security Agency (NSA) surveillance to Glenn Greenwald and the Guardian.
The relationship between shield laws and the First Amendment is a complex and controversial one. Those who are in favor of what are sometimes called “press shield laws” argue that the media has a crucial role in a democracy: providing the information citizens need to make truly informed decisions. They also analogize this “privilege” to those who maintain that spouses cannot be compelled to testify against each other, as well as the doctor-patient privilege and the priest-confessioner privilege.
Critics of shield laws make two principal arguments:
Shield laws can endanger national security, and
The First Amendment is guaranteed to all Americans; the media, who are unelected, do not constitute a special class with additional rights.
[To students: Which argument do you find more persuasive?]
Exposure to political coverage changes what people know, which in turn can shape demands we place on politicians. But these effects are modest. People tend to choose their media sources based on their ideological consonance—liberals seek out MSNBC and conservatives seek out Fox News—and thus are not choosing ideology based on the media they consume. Moreover, media effects on opinion tend to be short-lived.
It is hard to find evidence that, on the whole, there is a systematic media bias. Fox News is clearly conservative, and MSNBC is clearly liberal. What we do find ample evidence of is the hostile media effect—Democrats tend to view neutral coverage as unfair toward their candidates, while Republicans tend to view the same coverage as unfair toward their candidates.
The way a story is reported—which information is included in an article or which images are used—makes a big difference in what people learn from it. Stories that focus on cases of violent crime suggest an epidemic of murders, rapes, and assault, but actual data
on crime rates paint a very different picture.
Press attention to gun control spikes upward after a mass shooting, then fades as reporters move to other stories. How does this pattern help opponents of gun control legislation to preserve the status quo?
When people think that we spend 25 percent of our budget on foreign aid (instead of 2 percent), it’s easy to blame the media for the widespread political ignorance in America.
But most people do not seek out news, do not spend the time to distinguish whether something is accurate, and do not spend time making coherent conclusions.
The knowledge gap persists, in part, because many Americans choose to remain uninformed.
Many criticisms of American media’s coverage of politics seem to merely point at easily confirmable aspects of everyday political coverage. [Question: What is the danger with this sort of conventional thinking?] For examples, see the slide. And there is an emphasis of soft news over hard news:
Soft news: media coverage that aims to entertain or shock, often through sensationalized reporting or by focusing on a candidate or politician’s personality or even appearance.
Hard news: media coverage focused on facts and important issues surrounding a campaign.
A bigger question is why does American media report politics the way it does—with certain strengths (frequent use of reliable polling) and the weaknesses listed in this presentation?
Why Media Coverage Falls Short: Market Forces Play a Big Role
Major media outlets are for-profit businesses; they need “eyeballs” to be watching or reading their work. Sex and violence titillate and fascinate. Conflicts of opinion are often more interesting than even-handed presentation of facts. Public opinion itself can affect the tone of media coverage. Moreover, even if reporters did explain how government works and why debate and compromise are necessary, it is not very likely that citizens would start loving politics and the political process.
Citizens do not like being exposed to uncertainty, debate, bargains, and so forth. An old saying in American politics is, “If you want to enjoy sausage or legislation, don’t watch it being made.”
The lawmaking process can leave many Americans disgusted or frustrated—but just as many are bored or more interested in something else.
Question: What impact do you think the American public’s appetite for politics—or lack thereof—has on the governance of the nation?
Yellow journalism emphasized sensational stories and bold headlines, but also made information about contemporary politics available to a wider audience.
Across the world, from Black Live Matter protests to citizens documenting the scene after the Paris attacks, the Internet makes it easy for ordinary citizens to share political information and report on political events as they happen. #BlackLivesMatter #PorteOuverte
The easy availability of doctored photos of many elected officials on the Internet highlights the dangers of relying on unvetted websites as a primary source of political information, as in the case of this fake photo of Hillary Clinton with a Confederate flag.
Information and coverage of important events become instantaneously available through Internet sources like Twitter feeds and blogs. For instance, Clinton’s campaign announcement was followed by commentary and analysis. @HillaryClinton #I'mWithHer
The publication of thousands of government documents, including some sensitive reports and communications, raised new questions about press freedom and national security. Here, demonstrators protest government surveillance and thank Edward Snowden for his revelations. @Snowden
Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump being interviewed by George Stephanopoulos, a so-called “liberal” media person. Some critics of media coverage claim that a liberal interviewer would not be able to do an impartial interview of a conservative candidate (or vice versa).
The way a story is reported—which information is included in an article or which images are used—makes a big difference in what people learn from it. Stories that focus on cases of violent crime suggest an epidemic of murders, rapes, and assault, but actual data on crime rates paint a very different picture.
Rows of journalists prepare to cover the second presidential debate at Washington University in St. Louis. Did the media provide debate watchers with the information they needed to judge which candidate they should vote for?
Numerous articles published in late 2015 and early 2016 raised alarms about a sharp increase in homicides in large U.S. metropolitan areas, citing data from cities like Baltimore (138 homicides in 2014 to 215 in 2015). But homicide rates in any city can vary sharply from year to year simply because homicide is a fairly rare crime. As a result, drawing conclusions about the entire country requires aggregating data across a large number of cities. What do the numbers say about the media’s coverage of violent crime?