Chapter 6 Tourism, Environment and Wildlife (Destination Management)

1. Tourism, Environment and Wildlife

2. Presented By:
Md. Shaifullar Rabbi
BBA & MBA (Major inTHM,FBS,DU)
Coordinator & Lecturer
Dept. ofTourism & Hospitality Management
Daffodil Institute of IT(NU)

3. Tourism Policy and Planning
These two terms are largely
interchangeable. Tourism policy can be defined as;
‘A set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directives,
and development/promotion objectives and
strategies that provide framework within which the
collective, as well as individual decisions directly
affecting long-term tourism development and the
daily activities within a destination are taken’
Planning can be defined as; ‘the process of making
decisions for the future, and not simply the physical
preparation of a ‘plan’. Planning
involves implementing decisions and monitoring
the outcomes.’

4. Components of tourism
Tourism policy and planning typically
involves a number of components,
namely:
•Tourism attractions and activities
•Accommodation
•Other tourist facilities and services
•Transportation facilities and services
•Other infrastructure
•Institutional elements

6. Levels of Tourism Planning
Tourism policy and planning takes place on different levels. This can
take a top-down approach, for example by international or national
bodies, or a bottom-up approach, from a local level.
1. International Tourism Planning
2. National Tourism Planning
3. Regional Tourism Planning
4. Local Tourism Planning

7. TOURISM POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN BANGLADESH
“National tourism policy in Bangladesh is a relatively new development and this research is the
first to focus on the implementation of tourism policy in Bangladesh. Taking a social
constructivist perspective, interviews were carried out with 13 elite stakeholders, from the
public and private sectors, who are associated with the creation and implementation of tourism
policy in Bangladesh. The data were analyzed qualitatively using a content analysis approach to
examine perceptions of the policy implementation process, and its success. In the case of
Bangladesh, it is the persistence of hierarchical governance structures that appears to be
hindering the effective implementation of tourism policy. This can be seen in the selection of
priority areas by the government, the preferred policy instruments, and in the ways in which
the private sector is being incentivized to support national tourism development.”

8. Tourism policy planning in Bangladesh:
Background and some steps forward
Bangladesh as an emerging economy, arguably, possesses considerable potential in tourism to diversify, promote and thus attract
tourists from other parts of the world. Before 1992, Bangladesh had no official tourism policy. A Strategic Master Plan for tourism
development prepared by the United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP)/the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) came
in effect in 1990. The first set of tourism policies was formulated by the government in 1992. Continuing with the process and to
tap the growing the global tourism demand, the government adopted an updated tourism policy in 2009. The Bangladesh National
Tourism Policy came in to force on the 14th December, 2009. The governmental agencies responsible for implementing the policy
are the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism, Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation and Bangladesh Tourism Board as the National
Tourism Organization (NTO). The updated tourism policies of Bangladesh are generally viewed as comprehensive with goals,
objectives, policy instruments, implementation programmes and evaluation tactics. The ‘National Tourism Policy 2009’ has 31
objectives and goals with brief action plans. Yet another tourism policy was published in 2010 that had 30 clearly defined
objectives aiming to attain a comprehensively developed tourism industry in Bangladesh. A very basic criticism of the policy relates
to its non-availability in Bengali language (Hassan & Burns, 2014). Even though a Bengali version was available, it keeps
disappearing from the website of the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation on a regular basis due to technical glitches (Ministry of
Tourism and Civil Aviation, 2015a). It is important for a country such as Bangladesh, where the use of English language is limited
to a minority that a vernacular version of the tourism policy is made available for its more effective dissemination. A complete and
detailed version of the ‘Draft National Tourism Policy 2010’ is also missing on the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation website.
Secondly, it is very rare to find governments to publish tourism policies on an annual basis.

9. Formulating tourism policies do take time and their implementation also require longer time frame. However, Bangladesh
has managed to announce tourism policies in 2009 and 2010. It is very unlikely that Bangladesh can formulate robust
national tourism policies in two consecutive years. This can only lead to confusion and indicate the haphazard approach to
tourism policy, which is one of the most important components of tourism development process. The tourism policy
available on the Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (NTC) website is also confusing. The caption of ‘National Tourism
Policy 2009’ actually shows the tourism policies of 1992 (Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, 2015). Further, BPC and
BTB both appear to be unable to provide updated statistical data on their official websites or in their various reports. The
declaration of tourism as a thrust sector in the Industrial Policy of Bangladesh - 1999 is an indication of this recognition.
However, it took almost ten years for this declaration to materialize as the Bangladesh Tourism Board Bill 2010 and the
Bangladeshi Protected Tourism Area and Special Tourism Zone Bill 2010 (Ministry to Tourism and Civil Aviation, 2015b).
These should enhance the legislative and institutional capacities of the tourism sector. Bangladesh Tourism Board was
formed by enacting the National Tourism Policy-2010 and Bangladesh Tourism Board Act- 2010 and as the National
Tourism Organization (NTO) was clearly assigned with responsibilities for comprehensive tourism development and
tourism marketing (Bangladesh Tourism Board, 2015). This is a notable development considering the ineffectiveness of
the Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, which was set up in 1973 but never managed to carry out the responsibilities of an
NTO. However, formulation of a comprehensive tourism policy that can help the tourism sector in Bangladesh to tap its
tourism potential to make meaningful contribution to the socio-economic development of a country.

10. Major Functions of the Ministry
• Formulation, updating and implementation of laws and policies relating to civil aviation and tourism;
• Modernization of airports, coordination of air routes and air services;
• Airspace control, civil aviation safety, Aeronautical inspection and licensing of aircraft and pilots;
• Increasingcapacity of competitivenessand quality of service of the national flag carrier- Biman Bangladesh Airlines;
• Signing of contracts regarding Civil Aviation and Tourism with local and international organizations and coordination
• Registration and licensing of travel agencies and hotels/ restaurants and renewal and control of those:
• Development and marketing of tourism products, conducting research to expand tourism industry, modern management
and creation of skilled manpower;
• And Establishment, direction and control of tourism sector organizations for overall development of tourism industry.

11. Objectives of Tourism Policy – 2010
1) To constructvarious rulesunderthe law where the main objectiveis to fill in the gap of existing tourism rules and letregulationsproceed;
2) To developtourismindustriesthroughvarious planningrelatedactivitiesand sideby sidegiveadviceas well as directions;
3) To creategeneral awarenessregarding tourismprotection, developmentand exploration;
4) To execute responsible tourism through creation of some helping hand on behalf of government like as personal sector, local people, local
administration,NGO, women federation, media;
5) To create better communication channel for the International Tourists Organizations in Bangladesh with both government and private
tourismrelatedorganizations;
6) To createa strong and safefoothold for the BangladeshiTouristby coordinatingwith respectivegovernmentorganizations;
7) To createa tourismfriendlyenvironmentin Bangladesh and to marketits tourismpotentialin both domesticand foreignnations;
8) To develophumanresourcefor tourismsectorby creating training facilitiesand providethem with the rightdirections;
9) To attract tourists by maintaining quality and relevant material which in turn can provide smooth tourism service and ensuring necessary
actionsthatneed to be taken for maintenance;
10)To ensurethe participation of physicallychallengedpeople;
11)To protectwomen rights andensuretheirparticipationin the tourismsector;
12)To researchon tourismindustry,to surveyinternationalmarketsand to analyzethe data.

12. Evaluation ofTourism Policy 2010

19. Protected Areas of Bangladesh
To fulfill the Constitutional commitment on conservation and safety of biodiversity, forests and
wildlife for the present and future generations the Parliament enacted the Wildlife
(Preservation and Safety) Act, 2012. This law depicts 9 types of protected areas and some
other conservation sites for the protection and safety of wildlife. Any area can be declared as
sanctuary, national park, community conservation area, safari park, eco-park, botanical
garden, special biodiversity conservation area, national heritage and kunjaban as protected
area. Any other area can be declared as landscape zone, corridor, buffer zone, core zone,
wildlife breeding center, memorial tree and sacred tree as conservation sites other than
protected areas. At present 21 Sanctuaries, 17 National Parks, 2 Safari Parks, 10 Eco-parks
and 2 Botanical Gardens are found in the country. Together, the protected areas of Bangladesh
covered about 11% of the total forest area of the country. All the protected areas of
Bangladesh are governed and managed by the Forest Department.

20. Wildlife
Wildlife traditionally refers to
undomesticated animal species, but has come to
include all organisms that grow or live wild in
an area without being introduced by humans.
Wildlife can be found in
all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rainforests, pla
ins, grasslands, and other areas, including the
most developed urban areas, all have distinct
forms of wildlife. While the term in popular
culture usually refers to animals that are
untouched by human factors, most scientists
agree that much wildlife is affected by human
activities.

21. WHY WILDLIFE?
• Wildlife tourism refers to the observation and interaction with local animal and plant life in their natural
habitats. It encompasses segments such as eco-tourism, safari tours and mountain tourism among
others. Wildlife watching tourism occurs mainly in protected areas. Nature, national parks and wildlife
are considered the most important tourism assets for tourists travelling for instance to Africa.
• According to the UNWTO Report ‘Towards Measuring the Economic Value of Wildlife Watching Tourism
in Africa,’ 7% of world tourism relates to wildlife tourism, a segment growing annually at about 3%. The
same document shows that a total of 14 countries in Africa are generating an estimated US$ 142 million
in entrance fees for protected areas.
• A WWF report shows that 93% of all natural heritage sites support recreation and tourism and 91% of
them provide jobs. For instance, in Belize, more than 50% of the population are said to be supported by
income generated through reef-related tourism and fisheries.

22. Wildlife remains a major concern for the international, regional and local communities. Among
the multiple risks that menace wildlife is: diseases, climate change and actions of human
nature, such as poaching and illegal trafficking. According to the International Union for
Conservation of Nature’s Red List Index:
•Amphibians are declining most rapidly in Latin America and the Caribbean, partly due to the
chytrid fungal disease,
•The greatest extinction risks for birds and mammals are found in South-Eastern Asia, mainly
owing to the conversion of lowland forests.
•7,000 species of animals and plants have been detected in illegal trade, and the list of
species under international protection continues to grow.
Policy measures and higher sensitization of the general public and of specific stakeholders like
media professionals appear as needed paths to ensure protection of wildlife and biodiversity.

23. Wildlife in the Agenda 2030
A WWF report shows that 93% of all natural heritage sites support recreation and tourism and
91% of them provide jobs. Besides been mentioned in the SDGs, wildlife and biodiversity have
been placed at the core of most of the discussions of the Agenda 2030. The recent UN
Biodiversity Conference (December 2016) was integrated by two Working Groups. Working
Group, I (WG I) addressed cooperation with other conventions and organizations; a global
multilateral benefit-sharing mechanism under the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic
Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization; and
socioeconomic considerations, liability and redress, risk assessment and risk management,
and unintentional transboundary movement of living modified organisms (LMOs) under the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.

24. Reasons for Wildlife Protection and Conservation
• Biodiversity: In nature, different species are connected through various food webs. The disappearance of one species could
influence several others down the line.
• Agriculture: Promoting wildlife conservation could help secure future food supplies.
• Research: There may be many undiscovered plants and animals in the wild. 50 percent of the drugs available in the United States
were originally developed from microbial organisms, plants, and animals.
• Economics of Eco-Services:ecosystem activities have an effect on the quantity and quality of fresh water accessible to humans.
• Ecotourism:enjoying African ecosystems has been a tremendous stimulus for economies within Africa.
• Environmental Indicators: various animals can serve as indicators for other environmental problems is one of the rarely
discussed benefits of wildlife conservation. The loss of peregrine falcons and bald eagles was one of the factors that alerted
scientists to the toxicity of DDT, unnoticed for longer in a less diverse ecosystem.
• Education: Studying animals and their habitats can be a valuable learning experience for students of all ages.
• Psychological Benefits: Eco tourists experience a tremendous sense of wonder, contentment, and fulfillment from their wildlife
encounters.

25. Challenges in the wildlife global cause
•Trafficking in wildlife and their parts is a criminal international trade worth an
estimated $20 billion a year
•Several iconic species —including elephants, rhinos, and tigers, as well as many
lesser known species — toward the precipice of extinction
•Examples: The loss of African elephants: 100,000 over the past three years (96
elephants a day, with only 400,000 remaining in the wild across all of Africa).
•Fewer than 30,000 wild rhinos survive.
•A mere 3,200 wild tigers survive in the forests of Asia, including only 1,000
breeding females.

26. How Bad Tourism Affects Wildlife Around the World
•Wildlife tourism is popular among travelers as it provides an opportunity to
get close to species that they would not ordinarily encounter. However, such
interactions are often harmful to wildlife.
•Lion cubs are sometimes drugged in order for tourists to take photos with
them in South Africa.
•Tourists photographing turtles nesting on beaches often disturbs the nesting
process of these animals further threatening their survival.
•Close interactions between humans and wild primates can lead to inter-
specific disease transmission.

27. Managing Wildlife
Wildlife management is the management process
influencing interactions among and
between wildlife, its habitats and people to achieve
predefined impacts. It attempts to balance the
needs of wildlife with the needs of people using
the best available science. Wildlife management
can include wildlife conservation, game
keeping and pest control. Wildlife management
draws on disciplines such
as mathematics, chemistry, biology, ecology, clima
tology and geography to gain the best results.

28. Types of Wildlife Management
1. Manipulative management acts on a population, either changing its numbers by direct
means or influencing numbers by the indirect means of altering food supply, habitat,
density of predators, or prevalence of disease. This is appropriate when a population is to
be harvested, or when it slides to an unacceptably low density or increases to an
unacceptably high level. Such densities are inevitably the subjective view of the land
owner, and may be disputed by animal welfare interests.
2. Custodial management is preventive or protective. The aim is to minimize external
influences on the population and its habitat. It is appropriate in a national park where one
of the stated goals is to protect ecological processes. It is also appropriate for
conservation of a threatened species where the threat is of external origin rather than
being intrinsic to the system. Feeding of animals by visitors is generally discouraged.

29. Preservation of Wildlife
To attract wildlife to your property, you must provide suitable habitat. Habitat consists of food, water, shelter, and space. Habitat can be provided naturally by planting the
appropriate plant and tree species, by humans in the form of bird or wildlife feeders, landscape ponds, and nesting boxes, for example, or a combination of the two.
• Food: Most often, wildlife selects food sources that provide the best nutrition while also being the most abundant and easiest to find. Seasonal variations in diet occur
based on food availability (such as insects or fruits and berries), so the more food you provide on your property in all four seasons, the more wildlife the land will
support year-round.
• Water: Nearly all wildlife species in the Midwest satisfy their water requirements by drinking from standing water or through their diet. The drier the food an animal
eats, the more water from external sources it needs. For example, birds that eat seeds need proportionately more water than do carnivores (meat-eaters). Providing an
available and open water source, especially in times of drought or extended periods of below-freezing temperatures, will ensure that wildlife have enough water. In
addition to hydration, some wildlife use water as a source of shelter or safety. Waterfowl (ducks, geese, and swans) and some mammals (beavers, muskrats, and
otters) feel safer on or in water than they do on land. Other wildlife like amphibians (frogs, toads, and salamanders) need water to complete their life cycle as they lay
their eggs in aquatic habitats.
• Shelter: All wildlife species require shelter, sometimes to escape from predators, sometimes to stay warm and dry during winter storms. Shelter comes in many forms,
and may consist of a hole in the ground, a cavity in a tree, or the space under an evergreen tree’s drooping branches.
• Space: Consider not only the size and shape of your property, but also the food, water, and shelter that are contained within your property’s boundaries. The proximity
of food, water, and shelter need to be arranged so all of the habitat components are easily accessible to whichever species you are managing on your property. To
manage for species such as wolves and bears that require large areas of habitat (that is, 50 to 150 square miles), you may need to cooperatively manage your forest
property with neighboring landowners to create a larger block of habitat than you or a neighbor alone could provide.

30. Emergence of Wildlife Conservation
The late 19th century saw the passage of the first pieces of wildlife conservation legislation
and the establishment of the first nature conservation societies. The Sea Birds Preservation
Act of 1869 was passed in Britain as the first nature protection law in the worldafter extensive
lobbying from the Association for the Protection of Seabirds. The Royal Society for the
Protection of Birds was founded as the Plumage League in 1889 by Emily Williamson at her
house in Manchester as a protest group campaigning against the use of great crested
grebe and kittiwake skins and feathers in fur clothing. The group gained popularity and
eventually amalgamated with the Fur and Feather League in Croydon to form the RSPB. The
Society attracted growing support from the suburban middle-classes as well as support from
many other influential figures, such as the ornithologist Professor Alfred Newton.

31. Tourism and Wildlife Management
Collectively promoting and marketing the Community as a Single Tourist Destination while
conserving and ensuring sustainable utilization of wildlife and other tourist sites. Tourism is
one of the most significant sectors in all the economies of the EAC region. The sector
contributes an average of about 17% to export earnings and its contribution to GDP is quite
substantial averaging at around 10%. It generates about 7% of employment in the region.
Moreover, tourism has important linkages with other sectors of the economy including
agriculture, manufacturing, insurance, and finance among others. Owing to its socio-economic
significance in the region, tourism is one of the key productive sectors that have been identified
for cooperation in EAC. Cooperation in the sector is provided for under Article 115 of the EAC
Treaty, where Partner States undertake to develop a collective and coordinated approach to the
promotion and marketing of quality tourism into and within the Community.

32. In particular, Partner States undertake to:
• Coordinate policies in the tourism industry and establish a framework of cooperation in the sector that
will ensure equitable distribution of benefits;
• Establish a common code of conduct for private and public tour and travel operators, standardize hotel
classifications and harmonize the professional standards of agents; and
• Develop a regional strategy for tourism promotion whereby individual efforts are reinforced by regional
action.
Related to tourism, EAC Partner States cooperate in wildlife conservation as stipulated by article 116 of
the EAC Treaty, where they undertake to develop a collective and coordinated policy for conservation and
sustainable utilization of wildlife and other tourist sites in the Community: In particular, they undertake to:
• Harmonize policies on wildlife conservation;
• Exchange information; and
• Coordinate efforts in controlling and monitoring encroachment and poaching activities.

33. Key Regional Programs and Activities
Following are key programs and activities that have been implemented or are on-going in the
tourism and wildlife sectors. Common Classification Criteria for tourism accommodation
establishments and restaurants. EAC has developed Common Classification Criteria for tourism
accommodation establishments and restaurants. Partner States have undertaken classification
and there are over 500 establishments that are already star rated across the region. The
criteria are currently under review to ensure that they take into account the emerging trends in
the tourism and hospitality sector.
•Joint tourism promotion at international and regional trade fairs
•Preferential Rates for tourist attraction sites and/or hotels
•Regional Tourism Marketing Strategy
•Strategy to combat poaching and illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife management

34. Opportunities
Tourism in the East African region has many opportunities. While
affording the travelers an impressive range of options in exploration
and relaxation, the region presents incredible potential for investors
across the tourism value chain. This includes investment
opportunities in the tourism accommodation sub-sector, attraction
sites, tour operations, and travel agents among others. Partner
States offer diverse investment incentives such as custom duty
exemptions for certain items used in the sector.

35. Challenges
Some of the challenges facing the tourismand wildlife sectorinclude:
• Inadequate and inefficient infrastructure;
• Negative travel advisories fromsource markets;
• Stiff competition fromrelativelycheaper destinations;
• Inadequate financial and humanresource;
• Absence of harmonizedpolicies;
• Limited participationin joint international and regional tourism promotionfairsand exhibitions;
• Lackof common approach to implementation of internationaland regionaltreatiesor agreements;
• Poaching and wildlife habitat loss;
• Inadequate Research and Development;and
• High susceptibility to disasters and pandemics.

36. Wildlife conservation
Wildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to
maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural ecosystems.
Major threats to wildlife include habitat destruction/degradation/fragmentation, overexploitation,
poaching, pollution and climate change. The IUCN estimates that 27,000 species of the ones assessed are
at risk for extinction. Expanding to all existing species, a 2019 UN report on biodiversity put this estimate
even higher at a million species. It's also being acknowledged that an increasing number of ecosystems on
Earth containing endangered species are disappearing. To address these issues, there have been both
national and international governmental efforts to preserve Earth's wildlife. Prominent conservation
agreements include the 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (CITES) and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). There are also
numerous nongovernmental organizations (NGO's) dedicated to conservation such as the Nature
Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund, and Conservation International.

37. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LAWS IN BANGLADESH
Wildlife effectively encompasses all forms of life, whether plant or animal which are found wild in nature and also include marine,
freshwater and coastal ecosystems. Wildlife conservation is the endeavor to protect the endangered animal and plant species, along
with their natural habitat which has been advocated through the years by many government and NGOs worldwide. For instance, the
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an international organization whose key aim is to conserve the nature and to reduce the most
pressing threats to the diversity of life on the planet. The Living Planet Report, 2017 of WWF reveals that the world populations of
wildlife are declined by 58% since 1970 to 2012. On the other hand, the INTERPOL estimates that internationally the illegal
wildlife trade is about 10 to 20 billion USD each year.
The wildlife conservation treaties collectively comprise international wildlife law that includes ‘Big 5’, e.g., the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) 1973, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory
Species of Wild Animals 1979, the Bio Diversity Convention 1992, the Ramsar Convention 1971 and the World Heritage
Convention 1972. These are generally accompanied and informed by an embryonic set of non-binding instruments, e.g., Conference
of the Parties (COP) decisions and different action plans.
The Wildlife (Preservations) Order, 1973 was promulgated by the Government of Bangladesh which was further enacted as the
Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) Act, 1973. Subsequently in order to provide safety and conservation of forest, wildlife and
biodiversity the National Parliament has enacted another Act in 2012 i.e., the Wildlife (Preservation and Security) Act, 2012 which
has repealed the earlier enactment. At present this legislation is acting as the apex legal document for conservation of wildlife and
biodiversity in Bangladesh.

38. Global Warming and Wildlife
Global warming greatly upsets the ecosystems and habitat of wildlife, totally disrupting their lives. With increasing human
population, humans occupy more of the landmass, leaving little space for wildlife.
• With increasing global warming, animals tend to move to higher levels and plants to new areas that are cooler as the existing
environment gets too hot for growth. This includes species of mountain goat, and bighorn sheep.
• Global warming will affect all ecosystems and species that are unable to adapt and adjust will face extinction.
• Wildlife around the Arctic is most likely to face the brunt of this warming. Species like the polar bear, emperor penguins
• Snowy owls and others that are suited for the cold climate will suffer.
• The reducing permafrost will cause problems in water supply for wildlife in the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Northwest of
America.
• Considerable tracts of the tundra now resemble brush vegetation. Forests are now more prone to attacks by beetles and other
pests due to warmer conditions.
• Sagebrush in parts of the US is disappearing and this bodes ill for species of sage grouse, mule deer, and pronghorn that subsist
on them.
• There will be frequent droughts and warm months that are not

39. Wild life of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is home to roughly 22 species of amphibian, 17 species of marine reptiles, 109
species of reptile, 388 species of birds, 110 species of mammals and 3 species of marine
mammals. In addition to the large bird count, a further 240 species of migratory birds swell
bird numbers each year. The vast majority of these creatures currently dwell in an area of land
that is some 150 000 sq kilometers in size This is a remarkable achievement to say the least.
However, this does not mean all is well with the country’s natural heritage. So far a number of
creatures have disappeared completely from the country and a further 201 species are
threatened. Notable species that have disappeared from Bangladesh are the one-horned
Rhinoceros, the two-horned Rhinoceros, the Gaur, the Ganteng, Hog deer and swamp deer,
wolf, marsh crocodile and wild buffalo. Generally speaking, such a large loss will usually effect
the environment to a greater or lesser degree and result in environmental imbalances.

40. Wild life Management in Bangladesh
Forest Department under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh is
responsible for preservation, conservation and management of Wildlife in the country. The Chief Conservator of Forests is the Chief
Wildlife Warden. There is a Circle named Wildlife and Nature Conservation Circle administered by an officer in the rank of
Conservator of Forest. There are Four Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation Divisions under this Circle. Each of the
Division is administered by a Divisional Forest Officer. In addition, there are two Botanical Gardens in the country.
• Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation Divisions
• Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation Division, Dhaka.
• Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation Division, Dhaka.
• Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation Division. Sylhet. d. Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation Division,
Khulna.
• Botanical Gardens
• National Botanical Garden, Dhaka.
• Botanical Garden and Eco-Park, Chittagong.