The document discusses several approaches that have been used to study tourism:
1) The institutional approach examines intermediaries like travel agencies and how they operate.
2) The product approach looks at specific tourism products and how they are created, marketed, and consumed.
3) The historical approach analyzes tourism activities and institutions over time but has limited usefulness given tourism is a recent phenomenon.
4) The economic approach examines factors like supply, demand, employment, and economic impacts but does not adequately consider noneconomic impacts.
5) The sociological approach studies how tourism impacts and is impacted by individuals and society.
A presentation on the various components of Tourism i.e. the 5 A's of tourism which are attraction, accommodation, accessibility, amenities, activities.
Destination Management Public Sector and Tourism Policy Destination Image Development Attributes of Destination Destination Planning Destination Development and Sustainable Future
A presentation on the various components of Tourism i.e. the 5 A's of tourism which are attraction, accommodation, accessibility, amenities, activities.
Destination Management Public Sector and Tourism Policy Destination Image Development Attributes of Destination Destination Planning Destination Development and Sustainable Future
Tourism planning is goal-oriented, striving to achieve certain objectives by matching available resources and programs with the needs and wants of people.
BRD is a half yearly research journal with ISSN number and registered with the Government of India as a research journal.To subcribe mail to iirmoffice @gmail.com Rs.300 per year.
The Reality of Tourist Sites Management in Jordan and Its Obstaclesinventionjournals
This study aimed to identify the tourist sites across the Kingdom of Jordan as they gain high valued revenues to the country if they are invested in the right way depending on planned strategies. The study also unveiled the most important obstacles in the face of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiques in the process of managing different tourist sites. The study sample consists of managers of directorates of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiques in all over the Kingdom and some other managers working in the center of the ministry. The study sample used a comprehensive to all tourist sites from (32) decision-makers who are directly responsible of managing and developing the tourist sites. The study used the qualitative approach to come up with results, and it used two tools in data collecting which are a questionnaire with open questions and face to face or call interviews. The study comes with the following findings: 1. The nature of performance, management and planning in the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is baseless, in other words, it will be passed away by ending manager's mission, after that, you notice that such nature is subjugated to the worker's whims. 2. Promoting tourist sites in Jordan is not only the responsibility of the Ministry of Tourism, but also linked to a campaign of Jordan tourism, consequently, that leads to duplication of performance and dispersion of efforts. 3. Absence of justice in allocating the external scholarships and tourism development projects in the tourist sites or tourist territories which in turn created a gap in the distribution of provisions gained from tourism development services 4. Obstacles faced by development of various tourist sites in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan are related to the costs that tourist sites need such as infrastructure, empowering tourist locations and providing various services, due to the fact that there are a lot of tourist sites that are far from each other in different regions of the Kingdom
The Role of Education and Sustainable Tourism in Achieving Cost Effectiveness...YogeshIJTSRD
The article highlights the importance of sustainable development and sustainable tourism, their economic, social and environmental aspects, and analyzes their role in achieving economic efficiency. In addition, the level of study of sustainable tourism in terms of the area and their problems are illuminated. The most developed countries widely implement educational programs in the field of tourism. These programs cover virtually all levels from high school to university and virtually all prism sectors. The initial programs are focused on the hospitality sector, whose educational function is aimed at those who intend to work in the catering or leisure sector. In addition, the STEP and TEDQUAL training standards in the development of the Sustainable Tourism Program of the World Tourism Organization, which is being implemented within the framework of the UN program are extensively introduced. Its activities over the past decades and more have mainly been aimed at supporting the development of tourism education worldwide. This has been accomplished in a variety of ways. Sustainable tourism in Uzbekistan during the pandemic and its impact on economic efficiency and education and sustainable tourism has proven to be the best way out of this global epidemic without an economic crisis. Khayrullaeva Nilufarbeim Nematilloyevna | Kadirova Shafoat Khabibulloyevna | Aripova Makhliyo Salakhiddinovna | Latifova Mekhrigul Ergashovna "The Role of Education and Sustainable Tourism in Achieving Cost Effectiveness during a Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Innovative Development of Modern Research , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39823.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/39823/the-role-of-education-and-sustainable-tourism-in-achieving-cost-effectiveness-during-a-pandemic/khayrullaeva-nilufarbeim-nematilloyevna
Effect of Tourism on Economic Wellbeing of Host Communities in Cross River St...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect of tourism on economic wellbeing of host communities in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study modelled the effect of service, product, hotels, transportation and infrastructural facilities on economic well being of host communities in Cross River State. It is a descriptive survey on a sample of 400 respondents from the host communities. Data obtained for the study were analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation and regression analysis. From the result of the regression model it was observed that product, service and infrastructure have positive impact on the on the economic well being of the host communities. This means that if product, service and infrastructure are developed and improved, it will bring about more increase in the economic well being of the host communities. On the other hand, hotels and transportation have a negative impact on the economic wellbeing of the host communities. Thus, increase in hotels and transportation cost will bring about a decline in the economic wellbeing of the host communities. The overall significance of the model also supports the alternate hypothesis that the model has goodness of fit and is statistically significant. In other words, tourism consumption has significant impact on the economic wellbeing of the host communities. Based on the analysis and findings of the study the following recommendations are made Since tourism consumption has become imperative for economies to thrive successfully, it is imperative that government should develop and as well as regulate operators in the tourism destination to step up the quality of product, service and infrastructure provided in the tourist destination. This is because they have been found to have positive impact on the on the economic well being of the host communities. The government should also come up with policy instruments containing measures that will effectively' monitor and evaluate the operations of tourism destinations. This is necessary as this research manifest the fact that hotels and transportation cost negatively affects the host communities. In other words it will bring about a decline in the economic wellbeing of the host communities if not regulated. Anionwu, Carol "Effect of Tourism on Economic Wellbeing of Host Communities in Cross River State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25295.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/25295/effect-of-tourism-on-economic-wellbeing-of-host-communities-in-cross-river-state-nigeria/anionwu-carol
The Factors Influencing IndividualsGroups to Undertake Tours T.docxtodd771
The Factors Influencing Individuals/Groups to Undertake Tours: The Case of Selected Individuals in Mombasa County
Introduction
Tourism in Kenya is one of the largest source of foreign exchange, only second to Agriculture. The main attractions are wildlife, athletes, game reserves and beautiful sceneries in Kenya. Mombasa County is one of the leading tourist attraction areas in Kenya both by locals and foreigners. Lee Jolliffe, in her book Tea and Tourism: Tourists, Traditions and Transformations, argues that
Kenyan
tourism hasn’t developed on its conservation of natural resources, though “beach tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism, sports tourism all form part of the portfolio” (Jolliffe, 2007). Kenya won the Best Leisure Destination award at the World Travel Fair in Shanghai, China, in April 2008. The permanent secretary in Kenya’s Ministry of Tourism, Rebecca Nabutola, stated that the award “goes to testify that Kenya has a unique world acclaimed tourism product. The recognition will no doubt boost Kenya’s tourism and enhance its profile as a leading tourist destination.” Mombasa County is one of the 47 newly created counties in Kenya comprising: Changamwe, Jomvu, Kisauni, Nyali, Likoni and Mvita constituencies with the major town being Mombasa Town which is the second largest town in Kenya.
Mombasa is an important tourism center due to its vast diversity of culture, beaches, old towns, hotels and restaurants, wildlife and economic activity. Mombasa is the original Arabic name for Mombasa and this city has an average population of about 1 million people. Mombasa is a place rich in history, yet at the same time fascinating commercial and cosmopolitan port town. Mombasa is an island connected to the mainland by bridges and ferries. The town overlooks a wide harbor, where commercial shipping mingles with traditional sailing dhows. The true heart of Mombasa is found in the exotic old town, among the narrow winding streets and Arab architecture (Magical Kenya, 2015). This paper will focus on factors affecting decision making by tourist by using Mombasa County as the case study.
Statement of the problem
Due to her high touristic potential and capacity, Mombasa’s tourism represents a fast growing sector of the economy. All over the region and the world at large, Mombasa represents an important attractive destination for many tourists who still consider it as a world prototype; consequently, the high demand has been increasing from one year to another. This strategic sector, however, still has to deal with: the large capital required to invest in this sector, poor government support, low level of technology in the country, poor infrastructure, lack of social services, diseases and natural calamities, expensive tourism facilities which may scare tourists away, environmental pollution, encroachment, terrorism and kidnapping of tourists. The Government should play the key role here by formulating legislation that support tourism and provide .
Similar to Basic approaches to the study of tourism (20)
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1. Basic approaches to the study of Tourism
Tourism commonly is approached through a variety of methods. However, there is
little or no agreement on how the study of tourism should be undertaken. The following
are several methods that have been used.
Institutional Approach
The institutional approach to the study of tourism considers the various intermediaries
and institutions that perform tourism activities. It emphasizes institutions
such as the travel agency. This approach requires an investigation of the organization,
operating methods, problems, costs, and economic place of travel agents who
act on behalf of the customer, purchasing services from airlines, rental car companies,
hotels, and so on. An advantage of this approach is that the U.S. Census
Bureau conducts a survey every five years on selected services that includes travel
agents and lodging places, thus providing a database for further study.
Product Approach
The product approach involves the study of various tourism products and how they
are produced, marketed, and consumed. For example, one might study an airline
seat—how it is created, the people who are engaged in buying and selling it, how
it is financed, how it is advertised, and so on. Repeating this procedure for rental
cars, hotel rooms, meals, and other tourist services gives a full picture of the field.
Unfortunately, the product approach tends to be too time-consuming; it does not
allow the student to grasp the fundamentals of tourism quickly.
Historical Approach
The historical approach is not widely used. It involves an analysis of tourism activities
and institutions from an evolutionary angle. It searches for the cause of innovations,
their growth or decline, and shifts in interest. Because mass tourism is
a fairly recent phenomenon, this approach has limited usefulness.
Managerial Approach
The managerial approach is firm-oriented (microeconomic), focusing on the management
activities necessary to operate a tourist enterprise, such as planning, research,
pricing, advertising, control, and the like. It is a popular approach, using
insights gleaned from other approaches and disciplines. Although a major focus
of this book is managerial, readers will recognize that other perspectives are also
being used. Regardless of which approach is used to study tourism, it is important
to know the managerial approach. Products change, institutions change, and society
changes; this means that managerial objectives and procedures must be geared
to change to meet shifts in the tourism environment. The Journal of Travel Research
and Tourism Management, leading journals in the field, both feature this approach.
Economic Approach
Because of its importance to both domestic and world economies, tourism has been
examined closely by economists, who focus on supply, demand, balance of payments,
foreign exchange, employment, expenditures, development, multipliers,
and other economic factors. This approach is useful in providing a framework for
analyzing tourism and its contributions to a country’s economy and economic
2. development. The disadvantage of the economic approach is that whereas tourism
is an important economic phenomenon, it has noneconomic impacts as well. The
economic approach does not usually pay adequate attention to the environmental,
cultural, psychological, sociological, and anthropological approaches. Tourism Economics
is a journal utilizing the economic approach.
Sociological Approach
Tourism tends to be a social activity. Consequently, it has attracted the attention of
sociologists, who have studied the tourism behavior of individuals and groups of
people and the impact of tourism on society. This approach examines social classes,
habits, and customs of both hosts and guests. The sociology of leisure is a relatively
undeveloped field, but it shows promise of progressing rapidly and becoming more
widely used. As tourism continues to make a massive impact on society, it will be
studied more and more from a social point of view.
A prime reference in this area is The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class,
by Dean MacCannell (Schocken Books, New York, 1976). Erik Cohen, of the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, has made many contributions in this area. Graham
M. S. Dann, University of Luton, United Kingdom, has been a major contributor
to the tourism sociology literature as well.
Geographical Approach
Geography is a wide-ranging discipline, so it is natural that geographers should be
interested in tourism and its spatial aspects. The geographer specializes in the study
of location, environment, climate, landscape, and economic aspects. The geographer’s
approach to tourism sheds light on the location of tourist areas, the movements
of people created by tourism locales, the changes that tourism brings to the
landscape in the form of tourism facilities, dispersion of tourism development, physical
planning, and economic, social, and cultural problems. Because tourism
touches geography at so many points, geographers have investigated the area more
thoroughly than have scholars in many other disciplines. Because the geographers’
approach is so encompassing—dealing with land use, economic aspects, demographic
impacts, and cultural problems—a study of their contributions is highly
recommended. Recreational geography is a common course title used by geographers
studying this specialty. Because tourism, leisure, and recreation are so closely
related, it is necessary to search for literature under all these titles to discover the
contributions of various fields. Geographers were instrumental in starting both
the Journal of Leisure Research and Leisure Sciences. Another journal, Tourism Geographies,
was launched in February 1999 with the aim of providing a forum for the
presentation and discussion of geographic perspectives on tourism and tourismrelated
areas of recreation and leisure studies.
Interdisciplinary Approaches
Tourism embraces virtually all aspects of our society. We have cultural and heritage
tourism, which calls for an anthropological approach. Because people behave in different
ways and travel for different reasons, it is necessary to use a psychological approach
to determine the best way to promote and market tourism products. Because
tourists cross borders and require passports and visas from government offices, and
because most countries have government-operated tourism development departments,
we find that political institutions are involved and are calling for a political
science approach. Any industry that becomes an economic giant affecting the lives
of many people attracts the attention of legislative bodies (along with that of the sociologists,
geographers, economists, and anthropologists), which create the laws, regulations,
3. and legal environment in which the tourist industry must operate; so we
also have a legal approach. The great importance of transportation suggests passenger
transportation as another approach. The fact simply is that tourism is so vast, so
complex, and so multifaceted that it is necessary to have a number of approaches to
studying the field, each geared to a somewhat different task or objective. Figure 1.3
illustrates the interdisciplinary nature of tourism studies and their reciprocity and
mutuality. The Annals of Tourism Research, an interdisciplinary social sciences journal,
is another publication that should be on the serious tourism student’s reading list.