Importance of radiation to mankind, types of radiations, useful and harmful radiations with some safety precautions. it also contains what to do when exposed to radiation as a pregnant woman.
Importance of radiation to mankind, types of radiations, useful and harmful radiations with some safety precautions. it also contains what to do when exposed to radiation as a pregnant woman.
43rd Annual Symposium of the Ultrasonic Industry Association
http://us-biomat.com/events-media/congresses/43rd-annual-symposium-of-the-ultrasonic-industry-association/
M.D. Fariñas and T.E.G. Álvarez-Arenas
USBIOMAT, CSIC
Madrid,Spain
md.farinas@csic.es
t.gomez@csic.es
A method is presented for monitoring light/dark plant cycles based on the excitation and sensing of thickness resonances on the leaves, where the frequency-transmittance output curves show a clearly inverse relationship with the light intensity the plant receives. This is due to the variations induced in the plant activity (evapotranspiration) as response to variations in the light intensity. As a proof of concept, the technique has been applied to different plant types (monocots/dicots and deciduous/evergreen), different species, and genetically identical plants of the same species but grown under different environmental conditions.
Strand class of biophysical tools used in biophysical industryMdHabiburRahmanTasin
Need of a single biophysical tool to characterize and detect changes in the higher order structure (HOS) of a protein drug.
Measure signals from as small a unit of the protein as possible.
2. Detect all such signals emitted from a single molecule.
3. Separate signals spatially in a manner using some parameter space.
4. Quantitatively record all the signals with the highest precision (and accuracy) possible.
Approaches and needs of remote sensing in phenotyping for plant breedingCIMMYT
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
Affordable field high-throughput phenotyping - some tipsCIMMYT
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
High throughput phenotyping are fully automated facilities in greenhouses or growth chambers with robotics, precise environmental control, and remote sensing techniques to assess plant growth and performance
43rd Annual Symposium of the Ultrasonic Industry Association
http://us-biomat.com/events-media/congresses/43rd-annual-symposium-of-the-ultrasonic-industry-association/
M.D. Fariñas and T.E.G. Álvarez-Arenas
USBIOMAT, CSIC
Madrid,Spain
md.farinas@csic.es
t.gomez@csic.es
A method is presented for monitoring light/dark plant cycles based on the excitation and sensing of thickness resonances on the leaves, where the frequency-transmittance output curves show a clearly inverse relationship with the light intensity the plant receives. This is due to the variations induced in the plant activity (evapotranspiration) as response to variations in the light intensity. As a proof of concept, the technique has been applied to different plant types (monocots/dicots and deciduous/evergreen), different species, and genetically identical plants of the same species but grown under different environmental conditions.
Strand class of biophysical tools used in biophysical industryMdHabiburRahmanTasin
Need of a single biophysical tool to characterize and detect changes in the higher order structure (HOS) of a protein drug.
Measure signals from as small a unit of the protein as possible.
2. Detect all such signals emitted from a single molecule.
3. Separate signals spatially in a manner using some parameter space.
4. Quantitatively record all the signals with the highest precision (and accuracy) possible.
Approaches and needs of remote sensing in phenotyping for plant breedingCIMMYT
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
Affordable field high-throughput phenotyping - some tipsCIMMYT
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
High throughput phenotyping are fully automated facilities in greenhouses or growth chambers with robotics, precise environmental control, and remote sensing techniques to assess plant growth and performance
This presentation comprises examples of the 8 thinking maps that should be widely implemented in teaching and learning in Malaysian schools as of 2014.
Program untuk mempertingkatkan dan membudayakan kemahiran berfikir dalam kalangan murid ke arah menghasilkan murid berfikiran kreatif dan kritis serta inovatif.
i-THINK membawa maksud innovative THINKing (Pemikiran Inovatif). Murid perlu dibekalkan dengan kemahiran berfikir
A very brief information on some of the basic principles and underlining ideas related to 21st century classroom. The slides are using mix languages (English and Malay).
Kindly provide me with appropriate responses for future improvement.
This presentation talks about the basics of radioactivity and how it can be applied in our day to day lives. It also lists properties of radiation and some important radioisotopes. Ideal for revision or studying IGCSE physics.
Prussian Blue An Radioactive De Corporation Agentijtsrd
During the past few years, Science and Technology has extended to a large extent. They are mainly used in the field of medicine, diagnosis and treatment of the various diseases. Radioisotopes are extensively used in the field of medicine, treatment and diagnosis. But Apart from it, their major use is in the field of diagnosis. When a Human or a Living Being comes in contact with the radiations which are exerted by the radioactive elements or comes in contact with the any of the radioactive elements then it got incorporated in its body cells, tissues or organs. So, as to remove them we extensively used the de corporation technique, which works on the phenomenon of adsorption. The agents we preferably used in the de corporation are known as de corporating agents. There are mainly two categories in which we have divided these decoporating agents they are External de corporating agents and Internal de corporating agents. External de corporating agents are mainly used to remove radioactive elements from the external body surfaces like skin and the mucous membrane and on the other side Internal de corporating agents remove the radioactive elements from the Internal body parts, they are further classified as GI absorbers, Mobilizing agent, Blocking agent, Diluting and Chelating agents. Prussian Blue is one of the most commonly used Internal de corporating agent, it mainly performs their action by the absorption of the radioactive elements in the GIT, so they are also known as the GI absorbers. In US market it is marketed as 5oomg hard gelatin capsule which contains PB granules and marketed by the Brand name of Radio gardase. There are different nuclear disasters which we faced during the last some years like the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster, etc. Hence, we concluded that we need De contaminating agents, so as to remove the radioactivity from the body. Hardeep Singh Bambra | Mohd Mazhar ""Prussian Blue- An Radioactive De-Corporation Agent"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23960.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/23960/prussian-blue--an-radioactive-de-corporation-agent/hardeep-singh-bambra
More than one hundred radio-isotopes have been used to assist in a w.pdfaquacosmossystems
More than one hundred radio-isotopes have been used to assist in a wide variety of diagnostic
tests and treatment protocols. The use of radio-isotopes is convenient because they can emit
gamma radiation, have a short half-life, and are eliminated from the body shortly after the
completion of the diagnostic test or treatment. Radiodiagnostic protocols include:
1. Radioactive tracers are added to the blood stream to enable us to monitor the movement of
biochemical components in the human body.
2. Iodine 131, a beta emitter, is used for the treatment of overactive thyroids and also for
detecting internal hemorrhages.
3. Diagnostic techniques:
Diagnostic techniques in nuclear medicine use radioactive tracers which emit gamma rays from
within the body. These tracers are generally short-lived isotopes linked to chemical compounds
which permit specific physiological processes to be scrutinized. They can be given by injection,
inhalation, or orally.
An instrument called a gamma camera produces an image of the distribution of radioactivity in
an organ and by using this in conjunction with a computer, the functioning of the organ can be
closely monitored.
4. In Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, which is \"a more precise and sophisticated
technique\" for detecting cancerous growth in the human body:
A positron-emitting radionuclide is introduced, usually by injection, and accumulates in the
target tissue. As it decays it emits a positron, which promptly combines with a nearby electron
resulting in the simultaneous emission of two identifiable gamma rays in opposite directions.
These are detected by a PET camera and give very precise indication of their origin. PET\'s most
important clinical role is in oncology, with fluorine-18 as the tracer, since it has proven to be the
most accurate non-invasive method of detecting and evaluating most cancers. It is also well used
in cardiac and brain imaging.
Major therapeutic uses of radio-isotopes are:
1. Cobalt 60, an intense gamma emitter is often used in cancer therapy through direct irradiation.
2. Phosphorous 32, another beta emitter is often injected intravenously for treatment of leukemia.
3. Plutonium 238, an alpha emitter is used as a long lasting low level power source for
pacemakers to regulate heart action.
4. Caesium 137, encased in a biologically inert material container, is inserted into body cavities
like cervix or rectum to treat cancers in these regions effectively. Intense gamma radiation from
the radioisotope kills cancer cells locally, while the beta emissions are shielded by the container
walls.
5. Gold 198 or Iridium 192 wires can be inserted as implant for treatment of cancer in the tongue.
The list seems endless. A more detailed account can be obtained in the reference link given here.
The future of radiotherapy is probably the tagging of a monoclonal antibody for a specific cell
followed by the injection of the radioactive complex into the blood. The monoclonal antibodies
then bind.
Use of stable and radio isotopes to understand the plant physiological processRAHUL GOPALE
Introduction
what is isotope ?
Types of Isotopes
Isotopic Labelling
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ISOTOPIC STUDY
APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPES IN AGRICULTURE
Principle isotopes used in plant-soil studies
Case studies
FUTURE THRUSTS OF ISOTOPIC STUDY
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
The effect of the non thermal plasma needle on pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriaIbrahim Karim
The reduction of the use of antibiotics and dependence on devices and tools that link between physics and modern therapeutic medicine led to a modern leap in the treatment of patients. In this research was designed nonthermal
plasma needle system at the normal atmosphere pressure and working on argon gas, the system was applied to gram positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from patients with burns from Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, wounds and Burns Division. The bacteria were exposed to non-thermal plasma generated at different time intervals and at two values of voltages (4.9, 8). The killing percentage depends on the non-thermal plasma needle system operating
conditions such as gas flow, applied voltage on bacteria and distance between tip needle and isolates (Staphylococcus
aureus) bacteria, the perfect and partial killing percentage increase with the applied voltage increasing. The result showed various killing percentage were obtained for the bacteria. A perfect killing percentage of these bacteria was obtained at time (6 min) and the applied voltage were (8 kV) and gas flow (5 l/min).
Setelah 14 tahun negara Malaysia mencapai kemerdekaan Allahyarham Tun Abdul Razak Bin Hussein, Perdana Menteri kedua Malaysia mengumumkan penubuhan Biro Pengaduan Awam (BPA) yang diletakkan hari ini di bawah Jabatan Perdana Menteri. Sejarah penubuhan BPA bermula daripada perkembangan konsep Ombudsman. Konsep ini bertitik tolak dari konsep asas qadi al-qudat yang digunakan pada zaman pemerintahan Saidina Umar al-Khattab (634-644) dan diteruskan sehingga selepas pemerintahan Khualafa’ al-Rasyidin[1] dengan kerajaan-kerajaan Islam iaitu di bawah empayar Umaiyyah, Abbasyiah dan Turki Uthmaniyyah. Semasa peperangan antara negara Sweden dan Rusia yang di sebut sebagai ‘The Great Northern War’ (1700–1721), Raja Charles XII telah mengalami kekalahan dan kemudiannya melarikan diri ke Turki semasa pemerintahan empayar Turki Uthmaniyyah. Semasa dalam buangan di Turki, Raja Charles XII pada ketika itu tertarik dengan konsep qadi al-qudat tersebut kemudian kembali ke Sweden bagi menubuhkan satu badan kerajaan yang mengawal tingkah laku pegawai untuk meningkatkan integriti penjawat awam yang dinamakan Ombudsman. (Pope, J.; 2000, Mariteuw Chimère Diaw; 2008, Faculty Ombudsman, University of Michigan & Ombudsman City of Toronto).
Ombudsman merupakan satu jawatankuasa perundangan bagi menyiasat aduan-aduan yang dikemukakan oleh rakyat kepada pihak kerajaan. Ia terdiri daripada orang yang berwibawa dan berpengalaman dalam berbincang untuk menyelesaikan ketidakpuashatian rakyat terhadap kerajaan. Ombudsman berfungsi secara tersendiri dan tidak bergantung kepada orang lain. Oleh yang demikian ia tidak melibatkan peguam-peguam kerana ia berfungsi seperti ‘complaint’s lawyer’ (K. Ramanathan, 1993).
Namun begitu, konsep ini benar-benar dipraktikkan dan ditubuhkan jabatan yang mengelolakannya pada tahun 1809. Lebih dari satu abad konsep ini berada di Parlimen Sweden dan tidak berkembang. Finland negara yang pertama meniru model yang berkonsepkan Ombudsman ini selepas 111 tahun kemudian, dan ia mengambil masa 34 tahun lagi sebelum negara seterusnya Denmark ikut serta. New Zealand dan Norway menyertai satu dekad kemudian. Selepas 150 tahun pada tahun 1960an hanya lima negara sahaja yang menubuhkan Ombudsman yang dikenali sebagai negara-negara Scandinavian.
Menurut Bloom-Cooper (1968) apabila konsep ini semakin kukuh di negara-negara Eropah maka ia seterusnya tersebar di serata dunia khususnya di negara-negara komanwel iaitu negara-negara yang pernah berada di bawah jajahan British. Setakat ini 150 buah negara telah menubuhkan institusi berkonsepkan Ombudsman di negara masing-masing termasuk Malaysia yang menubuhkan BPA.
Tujuan penubuhan BPA adalah bagi mewujudkan satu saluran untuk membolehkan orang ramai mengemukakan kesulitan mereka semasa berurusan dengan agensi kerajaan. Ia berfungsi sebagai badan pengawas kepada institusi awam. Oleh yang demikian rakyat boleh membuat pengaduan awam di institusi berkenaan atas salah laku penjawat a
Sejarah falsafah barat
Revolusi Perancis,
Gerakan Romantik yang mempunyai aliran falsafah yang mementingkan tindakan di luar logik, menurut kepada emosi dan keagaamaan.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. 5 main categories of the uses
radioactive substances
In industry
In food technology
In archaeology
In medicine
In agriculture
3. 6.3.1 Controlling the thickness of
substances
To control the thickness of paper, aluminium foil and other sheets
during the manufacturing process.
The amount of radioactivity which passes through a material
can be detected and used to control the thickness of the material.
4.
5. In paper mills, the thickness of the paper can be
controlled by measuring how much beta radiation
passes through the paper to a Geiger counter.
The radioactive source is a b emitter (beta emitter).
This has the right amount of penetration to be useful
for thickness control of aluminium foil.
The counter controls the pressure of the rollers to
give the correct thickness. With paper, or plastic, or
aluminium foil, beta rays are used, because it will not
go through the paper.
6. 6.3.2 Food preservation
Ready made food
must be preserved
from deterioration due
to bacteria and so on
before being shipped
to consumers.
Irradiate the
food with
gamma
radiation
7. Even after it has been packaged,
gamma rays can be used to kill
bacteria, mould and insects in food.
This process prolongs the shelf-life of
the food, but sometimes changes the
taste.
8. As tracers in medical diagnosis
6.3.3 Radioactive tracer
Tracers: bone scans, kidney scans,
and others. Radioactive isotopes and
radioactively labeled molecules are
used as tracers to identify abnormal
bodily processes. This is possible
because some natural elements tend
to concentrate in certain parts of the
body: iodine in the thyroid,
phosphorus in the bones, potassium
in the muscles. When a patient is
injected with a radioactive element,
a special camera can take pictures of
the internal workings of the organ.
9.
10. To detect leakage of
liquids, such as water
and oil, from
underground pipes
A little
radioactive
substance is
added to the
liquid at the
source
Using a radiation
detector , the
level of radiation
at the surface is
monitored
The radiation
rate will be high
at the point
where there is
leakage
11. 6.3.4 Radioactive dating
Animals and plants have a known
proportion of Carbon-14 (a
radioisotope of Carbon) in their
tissues.
When they die they stop taking
Carbon in, then the amount of
Carbon-14 goes down at a known
rate
(Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700
years).
The age of the ancient organic
materials can be found by
measuring the amount of Carbon-
14 that is left.
12. The radioactive source would be a g emitter (gamma
emitter).
g radiation can penetrate through the ground (and
metal pipe)
and be detected at the surface.
Alpha and beta radiation would not penetrate through
to the surface.
The g emitter would have a short half-life to minimize
the possible danger to living organisms near to the
pipe.
A short half-life means that the amount of radioactivity
being emitted from the pipe would decrease quickly.
13. Radiations can also be
used to kill cancerous cells
in patient’s body
Called as (Radiotheraphy)
Usually beta ray are used
Gamma rays are also used
to irradiate the affected
region of a patient from the
outside
6.3.5 Destroying cancer cells
(Medicine)
14. As sterilisers:
Gamma rays are also used to sterilise hospital
equipment, especially plastic syringes, surgical gloves and
so on that would be damaged if heated.
15. 6.3.6 Agriculture
ASTRACERS:
phosphorus-32 is a radioisotope that emits beta
particles
This is used partially in the production of fertilisers
The fertiliser will be absorbed by the plants and
then transported to various parts of the plants
By detecting the radiation from this radioactive
phophorus from outside the plant, agriculturists
can determine how much phosphorus is needed
by various parts of the plant
16. For genetic modification:
Gamma radiation can cause modifications to
the gene of cells.
This is known as mutation
To produce better quality seeds which are more
resistant to pests, changes in weather and so on