The document summarizes the Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War, which took place between 1756-1763. It discusses the key parties and reasons for conflict, including territorial disputes between the British and French colonies in North America. The war resulted in major losses for both sides and British victory over the French. Per the Treaty of Paris, Britain gained control of French territories in North America and India, while France lost its colonial empire. However, the economic burden of the war for Britain contributed to tensions that later erupted in the American Revolutionary War.

1. THE SVEN YEARS WAR
DALAL ALNASER, WAAD ALSHEHRY, RAGHAD ALBLUWI, RAZAN ALMASOUDI
University of Tabuk
Faculty of Education and Arts
Languages & Translation Department
French and Indian War

3. • The Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) was a global conflict that spanned five
continents, though it was known in America as the “French and Indian War.”
• After years of skirmishes between England and France in North America,
England officially declared war on France in 1756, setting off what Winston
Churchill later called “the first world war.” While the French, British, and
Spanish battled over colonies in the New World, Frederick the Great of Prussia
faced off against Austria, France, Russia and Sweden.
• The Seven Year’s War ended with two treaties.
• The Treaty of Hubertusburg granted Silesia to Prussia and enhanced Frederick
the Great’s Power. The Treaty of Paris between France, Spain and Great Britain
drew colonial lines largely in favor of the British, an outcome that would later
influence the French to intervene in the war for American Independence.

4. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
• By the 1750s, the French had largely claimed Canada and the Great Lakes, while
Great Britain clung to their 13 colonies on the Eastern seaboard.
• The frontier area around the upper Ohio River Valley soon became a hotbed of
contention between British, French and Native American forces, with the
Europeans eager to settle the area over their rivals.
• The initial armed conflicts did not go well for England; the French built Fort
Duquesne and alongside their Native American allies, repeatedly defeated the
British.

6. • The war was officially sparked when 22-year-old George Washington was sent by
the governor of Virginia as an envoy to the French, warning them to stay away
from the area around today’s Pittsburgh.
• The French refused, and on the way home from his failed mission, Washington’s
men became embroiled in a skirmish with a French encampment, where French
ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville was killed.
• Rightly fearing reprisal, Washington ordered the construction of the aptly-named
Fort Necessity.
• The Battle of Fort Necessity on July 3, 1754, (also known as the Battle of Great
Meadows) resulted in General Washington’s first, and only surrender... and global
war.

7. • Washington would soon be followed in defeat by General Edward Braddock and
Governor William Shirley of Massachusetts, both of whom failed to stop the French.
• In 1756, British Prime Minister William Pitt decided to take a new tack and began
strategically financing Prussia’s army as it took on France and its allies.
• Pitt also reimbursed the colonies for raising armies to beat back the French in
North America.

8. BRITISH VICTORY IN THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
• Pitt’s gambit worked.
• The first British victory at Louisburg in July of 1758 revived the sagging spirits of the
army.
• They soon took Fort Frontenac from the French and in September of 1758, General
John Forbes captured Fort Duquesne and rebuilt a British fort called Fort Pitt in its
place in honor of William Pitt.
• From there, British forces marched to Quebec, beating General James Wolfe’s forces
in the Battle of Quebec (also known as the Battle of the Plains of Abraham) in
September 1759.

9. • Montreal fell in September of the following year.
• The British under George III were not just fighting over territory in the
Americas; they were simultaneously involved in maritime battles that tested
the might of the British Navy.
• The French had to scrap an attempted invasion of Britain after losing the
Battle of Lagos and the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759.
• In addition to the victories in Canada, Great Britain beat back French forces
in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Havana, Manila, West Africa and India, wresting
Pondicherry from the French on January 16, 1761.

11. THE TREATY OF PARIS
• The Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10, 1763, officially bringing an end to the French
and Indian War.
• The British were awarded Canada, Louisiana and Florida (the latter from Spain), thereby
removing European rivals and opening up North America for Westward expansion.
• The Treaty of Paris also returned Pondicherry to France, and gave them back valuable
colonies in the West Indies and Senegal.
• The British victory in the French and Indian War earned England a reputation as a world
power with a strong navy, a reputation they would use to continue their empire-building
around the globe.
• The French loss would later inspire them to side with American patriots against the British
during the Revolutionary War.

12. THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR IN EUROPE
• The Seven Years’ War picked up where the War of the Austrian Succession left off in 1748:
with increasing levels of hostility between Prussia, led by Frederick the Great, and Russia.
• The Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle, or Treaty of Aachen, had taken Silesia from Austria and given it
to Prussia, prompting Russia to worry about Frederick’s growing influence in the region.
• Frederick, for his part, welcomed another war where he could gain even more territory.
• With tensions mounting between the superpowers, Europe’s system of alliances shifted in
what came to be known as the “diplomatic revolution”: Russia soon allied itself with France
and Austria against Britain, Prussia and Saxony.

13. • Frederick made the first move, kicking off the war in Europe when he invaded Saxony in August 1756,
quickly taking Leipzig and Dresden before moving on to attack Bohemia.
• Following a failed siege of Prague in May of 1757, he earned early victories at Rossbach on November
5, 1757, when Prussian forces defeated France and Austria, and again at the Battle of Leuthen on
December 5, 1757, when the Prussians were victorious over the Austrians.
• It was at Leuthen that Frederick began to rely less heavily on swordsmanship and more on firepower to
keep up with the advanced weaponry of his opponents.
• Prussia’s enemies would soon strike back: Russian and Austrian forces occupied Berlin, which was then
the Prussian capital, in October of 1760.
• The Russians and Austrians withdrew as Prussian reinforcements arrived to battle for their capital.
Prussia was winning, but at great cost. It would take a miracle —the “Miracle of the House of
Brandenburg”—to end the war.
• That miracle happened when Russia withdrew from the war in 1762 following the death of its leader,
Tsarina Elizabeth, and the ascension of her nephew, Czar Peter III, to the throne.

14. THE TREATY OF HUBERTUSBURG
• The Treaty of Hubertusburg (also known as the Peace of Hubertusburg) between
Austria, Prussia, and Saxony was signed five days after the Treaty of Paris on
February 15, 1763.
• It named Archduke Joseph of Austria Holy Roman Emperor and gave Silesia and
Glatz to Prussia, further bolstering the power and influence of Frederick the Great
and Prussia.

15. THE WARRING PARTIES:
• The war was fought primarily between the colonies of Great Britain and New
France, with both sides supported by forces from Europe as well as American
Indian allies.

16. THE REASONS:

17. • At the close of the Seven Years' War (known in the colonies as the French and Indian War) in
1764, American colonists had never been happier to be British.
• Why then, almost ten years later, would the colonists call for independence and take up arms
against England? Answers to this question lie in an understanding of the war and the impact it
had on the colonies.
• Throughout the beginning of the 18th century, a series of conflicts between European powers
(mostly France and England) led to a time of war lasting 64 years.
• There was King William's War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War, and the Seven Years'
War.
• The latter would have the greatest impact on the coming of the American Revolution.

18. • It was truly a world war in which the conflict spilled out from the American colonies to other parts
of the world. As early as the 1740s, French scouts had moved into the American heartland,
traveling the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers to spy out the land.
• They also attempted to build alliances with the Indians and bury leaden plates with inscriptions
stating French claim.
• This did not make the land French, but in 1753, a new French governor arrived in Canada with a
vision to build forts throughout the Ohio valley.
• There, they bumped into settlers from the British colonies of Virginia and Pennsylvania who were
moving west in search of land.
• The British Royal Governor in Virginia was not pleased with the actions of the French and sent then
Major George Washington (who volunteered for the mission) to confront the French and order
them to leave.
• The French refused, ousted the British from a strategic fort they were building, and built their own
fort on the site.

19. • Washington had been organizing volunteers and, in spring of 1754, set out with a small force
including a few Indian allies to confront the French once more.
• Washington ended up in a skirmish with French soldiers.
• He was forced to retreat and later surrendered to a larger French force.
• He was allowed to withdraw along with his surviving volunteers.
• With that disaster in the backwoods, a great world war had begun, but Washington came out
of it with his reputation intact, making him famous at the age of 22

20. THE RESULT :

21. • Great losses was caused through this war. Millions of people killed, and lots of great commanders
have died. Britain handled tons of economic arrears that made it incapable to pay them back. This
forced Britain to establish taxation upon its colonies, this caused the well-known war called “The
revolutionary war”
• This war was a horrible nightmare for France since it became very weak and it lost its dominance
over India, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Havana, Manila, and West Africa
• The treaty of Paris signed on February 10, 1763, between France, Spain and Great Britain, and it
was the last solution and the end of the French and Indian War.
• Despite the huge economic losses of Britain, the British were awarded Canada, Louisiana and
Florida, and this made them stronger than before.

22. • when things got tough in Europe, we find Austria, Prussia, and Saxony signed a new treaty
called The Treaty of Hubertusburg (also known as the Peace of Hubertusburg) signed five
days after the Treaty of Paris on February 15, 1763.
• The British winning in this war earned England a reputation as a world power with a strong
navy. This helped Britain to enter the next war with much more confidence
• The loss of France made them later to side with American patriots against the British
during the Revolutionary War

24. CONCLUSION
• The books written about the Seven Years’ War are so amazingly hard to
understand since it was the first global war, and historians also are being so
diverse in their sayings, that some of them said it remained for 23 years instead
of 7. We see that The fought between Great Britain and Prussia against France
and Austria created more issues than they solved. Europe, the continental U.s,
the Caribbean Sea, Sides of Africa, and India, all was the parts of this war, and
this make it so clear that it would be a real changer in the map. Each side of
them gained and lost things, but Britain was the big winner in this game, and
France was the one who has lost the most.

25. REFERENCES
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history/the-seven-years-war-begins.
• "Seven Years' War: Summary, Causes & Effects". Study.com, 2015. Online. Internet. 22 Mar. 2020. . Available:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/seven-years-war-summary-causes-effects.html.
• "The Seven Years’ War: 1754-1763 | Boundless US History". Courses.lumenlearning.com, 2020. Online. Internet. 22 Mar. 2020. .
Available: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ushistory/chapter/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763/.
• "Seven Years' War .. The First World War-Episode 26 Of The Crash Course In
Arabic".Yutube,2018,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91UkuMDa7Zo&t=113. Accessed 22 Mar 2020.
• "What were the results of the Seven Years' War?" eNotes Editorial, 2 Oct. 2012, https://www.enotes.com/homework-
help/what-were-results-seven-years-war-which-countries-363812. Accessed 22 Mar. 2020.
• "Seven Years' War". En.M.Wikipedia.Org,https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War.

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