Chapter 4 Anglo America (US& Canada)

The North American Landscape
Traveling from the East to West
The Atlantic Coastal Plain is a narrow
lowland extending from the
northeastern United States into
Florida.
The Gulf Coastal Plain stretches along
the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to
Texas.
West of the coastal plains are the
Appalachian Highlands. The
Appalachian Mountains are in this
region. This major chain of mountains
runs some 1,600 miles from
Newfoundland to Alabama.

6
Mountain Ranges
 Sierra Nevada, California.
 Rocky Mountains: stretch from Canada through the U.S.
 Appalachian Mountains: stretch length of U.S., from
Georgia to Maine.

http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/gallery/landscapes_and_vegetation.htm
http://blueridgemountains.com/blue_ridge_mountains.html

The Great Plains spread out west of the Mississippi
River. It was flattened by an ancient Glacier.
The Canadian Shield (an extension of this interior
plain system) is a rocky, flat region that encircles
Hudson Bay.
West of the plains are the Rocky Mountains. The
Rockies are a young and growing range that
extends 3,000 miles from Alaska to New Mexico.
Between the Rockies and the Pacific
Ocean, a series of ranges run parallel to
the Pacific coastline from California to
Alaska. Major earthquakes occur in the
vicinity of the Pacific ranges.

http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nalnd.htm

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/destinations/Banff_National_Park/
http://www.gorzow.mm.

12
Canadian Shield
 Glaciation.
 Tundra, subarctic climate.
 Stretches over half of Canada.

http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/encyclopedia/GeogofCan.htm

http://www.chrisimages.net/JPG Archive/Science Images/Great Plains/
www.fs.fed.us
http://www.wmscnet.com/3506paneof10.jpg

http://www.nativeecosystems.org/centralplains/
http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.e
http://www.accountingdirectory.us/1
http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5933

http://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/13coastalplain.html

Water Resources
With access to three oceans and the Gulf of
Mexico, both countries have important shipping
and fishing industries. Inland, large rivers and
lakes serve as sources of transportation,
hydroelectric power, irrigation, fresh water, and
fisheries.

Eight of the world’s 15 largest lakes are found in the United States and
Canada.

The Mississippi River, part of the
continent’s longest and busiest
river system, runs almost the
length of the United States.
Canada’s largest river is the
Mackenzie River, which is part of
a river system that flows across
the Northwest Territories to the
Arctic Ocean.
St. Lawrence Seaway is an
important shipping route that
connects the Great Lakes to the
Atlantic Ocean.

http://www.farewelltospring.com/index.cgi/canada.html
http://www.travelwithachallenge.com/UNESCO-Sites.htm

http://www.o
http://www.itcwebdesigns.com/Cove_Island_Lighthouse_Lake_Huron.jpg
http://www.marill.com/eddaisy/Recent%20Events/family%20reunion/Picnic-Lake-Ontario-Jack-Da.jpghttp://www.richard-seaman.com/USA/Cities/Chicago/PhotoGalleries/
http://www.paconserve.org/coho/Lake-Erie-shoreine-tiny.jpg

http://www.nsc.org/graphics/basin.gif

http://c3po.barnesos.net/homepage/lpl/seattle/
norman.walsh.name
http://webcookie.net/photo/ www.cruise.com

26
The Gulfs
 Gulf of Mexico: South, warm.
 Gulf of Alaska: North, cold.

www.tceq.state.tx.us
home.comcast.net

28
Great Salt Lake, Utah
 Transparent -- Clear, see to bottom.
 Less than 3 feet deep.
 22% salt = 6 times more salty than oceans.
 Float instead of swim.

http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/classics/charles_francis_hall/
http://www.eman-rese.ca/eman/network/higharc.htm

http://tea.armadaproject.org/rosenberg/5.27.2000.html
http://fatlab.biology.dal.ca/docs/labrador.html

Natural Resources
Both countries have vast forest resources. 1/3 of the United States is covered in forest.
1/2 of Canada is covered in forest.

The United States and Canada are both rich in resources. This has attracted immigrants
and made both countries global economic powers.
Both countries are large (Canada 2nd largest, US 3rd largest) and contain some of the most
fertile soils in the world. Because of this, North America is the world’s leading food
exporter.
Abundant minerals and fossil fuels gave both countries the means to industrialize rapidly.
Both countries have substantial deposits of coal, natural gas, and oil.

Shared Climates
The Arctic coastlines of Alaska
and Canada have a Tundra
climate and vegetation. Winters
here are long and bitterly cold.
The land is a huge, treeless plain.
Much of the rest of Canada and
Alaska have a Subarctic climate,
with very cold winters and short,
mild summers. Needle-leafed
evergreens cover the region.
The Rocky Mountains and the
Pacific ranges have Highland
climates. Temperature and
vegetation vary with elevation
and latitude.

Shared Climates
Northern portions of the United
States and much of southern
Canada have a Humid
Continental climate. The four
season climate attracts large
populations.
The Pacific coast from northern
California to southern Alaska has
a Marine West Coast Climate.
This climate is affected by Pacific
Ocean currents and the coastal
mountains. Vegetation includes
deciduous trees, needle-leafed
evergreens, and giant California
redwoods.

Warmer American Climates
The southern states have a
Humid Subtropical climate.
Moist air from the Gulf of
Mexico brings rain. The
combination of mild
temperatures and adequate
rainfall provides a long
growing season for a variety of
crops.
The Great Plains have a
Steppe Climate. The weather
is dry, with only about 15
inches of rain annually.
The southwestern states have
a Desert Climate, with less
than ten inches of rain each
year.

The central and southern coasts of
California have a Mediterranean Climate.
The islands of Hawaii have a Tropical Wet
Climate that supports lush rain forests.
Southern Florida has a Tropical Wet and
Dry Climate. It is always warm, but has wet
and dry seasons.

Crossing the Distances
When Europeans came, they set up
colonies along the Atlantic Coast and then
moved inland. They created overland
trails and used inland waterways. To
connect bodies of water, they built a
network of canals.
North America’s most important
deepwater shipping route—the St.
Lawrence Seaway —connects the Great
Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean using a series
of locks.
Locks are sections of a waterway with
closed gates where water levels are raised
or lowered.

Railroad building began in North America in the early 19th century. The first
transcontinental railroad, crossing the United States, was completed in 1869. A trans-
Canada railroad was completed in 1885.
The development of the automobile in the early 20th century spurred road building.
Today, both the United States and Canada have national highway systems. The
United States has more than 4 million miles of road.

Urban Planning
Most large cities have a moderate climate and located are near water and resources.
Cities with favorable geography must deal with large populations and urban sprawl.
While cities without must adapt to their conditions.

Montreal, Quebec is Canada’s second largest city
and a major port, even though its temperature is
below freezing more than 100 days each year.
Early French explorers liked Montreal’s location—
on a large island where the St. Lawrence and
Ottawa rivers meet.
The French built a permanent settlement there in
1642. The community was founded at the base of
Mount-Royal and grew by spreading around the
mountain. Because of the city’s severe winters,
large areas of Montreal have been developed
underground.
The Hoover Dam is a
Hydroelectric Dam on the
Nevada-Arizona border.
The dam has helped with
irrigation and provided power for
cities like Las Vegas, the fastest
growing city in the United States.

Los Angeles had a mild climate and a desirable location on the Pacific Coast. People
began pouring into this once small Spanish settlement in the 20th century.
By 1990, Los Angeles had the second largest population in the United States. However,
rapid population growth meant air pollution, inadequate water supplies, and
construction on earthquake-threatened land.

Humans have impacted North America through over use. Decades of extensive
farming damaged the Great Plains. This combined with severe drought brought
about the Dust Bowl of the 1930’s.

Seismography Data: 1977-2007
Earthquakes!

Hurricanes
"Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was the largest natural disaster in the history of the United
States. Preliminary damage estimates were well in excess of $100 billion, eclipsing
many times the damage wrought by other hurricanes making landfall in the U.S.
Over 2,000 people lost their lives.

Droughts
More than 700 reservoirs capture flow in major river basins, bringing water to places
that could not otherwise be populated – such as Las Vegas & San Diego – for
agricultural purposes.
The growing urban populations of California use more than 2,500 millions gallons of
water per day.
This demand coupled with climate change has resulted in one of the worst droughts
since the Dust Bowl.

Floods
Floods occurred due to prolonged periods of precipitation causing waters to rise
and overflow the river’s bank.
Since 1900, floods have taken more than 10,000 lives in the U.S.
In 1993, the Mississippi River and the Missouri River flooded approximately 20
million acres across the U.S. Midwest costing upwards of $30 billion.

Human Geography of Anglo
America

U.S. Population
313,818,286
♦One birth every 8 seconds.
♦One death every 13 seconds.
♦One international migrant (net) every
22 seconds.
♦Net gain of one person every 10 seconds.

 People
– 5% of Earth’ population live in the U.S and Canada
 US = 300 millionCanada = 33 million
– All are immigrants
 Native Americans thousands of years ago
 Waves of Europeans/Asians/Africans in past 400
years
– Sought political/religious freedom
– Improved economic opportunity
– Enslaved Africans

 Population Density and Distribution
– US and Canada are vastly different
 US = 78 people per sq mi. Canada = 8 per sq. mi.
– Canada
 90% live along US border
 Rugged terrain and brutal climate make most of Canada inhospitable
to human inhabitation

Population Patterns
 Population Density and Distribution
– US and Canada are vastly different
 US = 78 people per sq mi. Canada = 8 per sq. mi.
– United States
 Population Centers
– Northeast and Great Lakes
– Pacific Coast
– Sunbelt
 Sparsely populated areas
– Alaska
– Great Basin and Great Plains

– US and Canada have experienced urbanization
 The concentration of population in cities
– Jobs, education, health care and cultural opportunities draw people to
cities
– Metropolitan areas = city with +50,000 people and its outlying
communities called suburbs
 80% of the U.S.

 Coastal Cities
– People tend to live along the ocean coast
– Megalopolis – “great city”
• Combines Boston-New York-Philadelphia-Baltimore-
Washington DC
• Over 42 million residents
– Other coastal cities include: Miami, New Orleans, Houston, Los
Angeles, Vancouver
• All are major port cities

 Inland Cities
– People tend to live along inland lakes and rivers as well
– Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Cities
• Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Buffalo,
Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago
– Mississippi River System Cities
• Winnipeg, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Pittsburgh,
Cincinnati, New Orleans, Memphis, Nashville
– Other inland cities grew from being commercial hub
• Kansas City, Dallas, Atlanta, Charlotte, Calgary,
Edmonton, Phoenix, Oklahoma City, Las Vegas

•Both Canada and the US are multicultural
societies.
•Canadians speak both
French and English.
•Both have religious freedoms
•Both are mobile societies – automobiles.
•High SOL (average income $35,000
a year).

Sports and Recreation
•Football (American and Canadian)
•Ice Hockey
•Baseball •Soccer •Basketball

Britain’s 13 American colonies began to resent policies forced on them by a distant
government. Their protests led to the American Revolution (1775–1783) and the
founding of the United States of America.
The U.S. Constitution was adopted in 1787.
The United States: History

69
In 1803, the United States nearly doubled in size
when the government purchased from France the
vast plains region between the Mississippi River
and the Rocky Mountains.
This territory became known as the Louisiana
Purchase.

70
Sectionalism began growing.
People placed loyalty to a region above loyalty
to the nation.
Rising political and economic tensions between
an agricultural South and a more industrialized
North led, to the Civil War (1861-1865).

The second half of the 19th century saw Westward Expansion, pioneers headed west
in covered wagons. To make way for white settlers, the U.S. government removed
Native Americans from the land by treaty or by force.
When the transcontinental railway was completed in 1869, railroads brought people to
the West and western cattle and products to markets in the East.

Urbanization – the movement of
people into cities.
Some of the new immigrants headed out West. Others settled in rapidly growing and
industrializing urban areas. Americans from rural areas also came to cities to work.
The United States was being transformed from a rural, agricultural nation to an
urban, industrialized one.
Industrialization – transition from
an agricultural society to one
based on industry
Industrial
Revolution
(Early 1900s)
Steam Power
Diesel Machinery
Electricity

The United States was seen as an isolationist country (avoid conflict not directly related
to territorial self defense) by many because of its slow entry into the conflict in Europe
during WWI & WWII.
World War I: 1914-1919.
The United States had a healthy economy despite going through the Great Depression
and Dust Bowl during the 1930s.
World War II: 1939-1945.
When World War II ended in 1945, the United States was the only major nation that had
escaped physical damage.

The United States had teamed up with the
Soviet Union to defeat Germany, but when
the war ended distrust between the two allies
led to the cold war.
Cold War - was the period of conflict, tension
and competition between the United States
and the Soviet Union 1940’s until the 1990’s.
There was never a direct military
engagement between the U.S. and the
Soviet Union, but there was half a century of
military buildup, and political battles for
support around the world

75
During the Cold War the United States played an active role in trying to contain the
spread of communism.
A major political topic today is how best to deal with the threat of Terrorism.

During the last half of the 20th century, Americans experienced prosperity.
Many people began migrating from cities to surrounding suburbs.
The civil rights and women’s rights movements worked for equality.
Immigrants from Latin America and Asia arrived looking for political stability and
economic opportunities.

People from Asia crossed a land bridge
into North America thousands of years
ago.
Some remained in what are now the
Canadian Arctic and Alaska.
These people were ancestors of the
Inuit, or Eskimos.
The earliest Canadian literature was the
oral tradition of First Nations peoples.
Early visual art included Inuit carvings and
the totem poles of the First Nations peoples
of the West Coast.
Later, European settlers influenced the
literature and artistic traditions.
History of Canada

In 1497, John Cabot landed in Newfoundland and claimed the region for England.
Then, during the 16th and 17th centuries, French explorers claimed much of North
America for France.
To both countries, the coastal fisheries and the inland fur trade were important.
Soon, the French and British challenged each other’s territorial claims.
Britain defeated France in the French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763, forcing France
to surrender its territory. But French settlers remained.
History of Canada

By the end of the 18th century, Canada had become a land of two distinct
cultures—Roman Catholic French and Protestant English.
In 1791, the British government split Canada into two provinces.
Upper Canada (later, Ontario) had an English-speaking majority, while Lower Canada
(later, Quebec) had a French-speaking population.
History of Canada

In 1872, the government began construction of a
transcontinental railroad.
In 1885, the main railway line, from Montreal to
Vancouver, was completed.
When gold was discovered in the Yukon, fortune
hunters from around the world headed to Canada.
Not long after, copper, zinc, and silver deposits were
found, prompting the building of new railroads and
towns. At the same time, immigrants from other
parts of Europe were coming to Canada.
For much of the time after settlement, Canadians
had lived in rural areas and engaged in farming.
But as population grew and natural resources were
developed, Canada became increasingly urban and
industrial.
History of Canada

One of the strengths of the United States is the political system created by the U.S.
Constitution, adopted in 1787.
The United States is a representative democracy, where the people rule through
elected representatives.
Amendment – in U.S. history, official changes made to the Constitution.
Bill of Rights – the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution.
U.S. Government

Canada was recognized as an independent nation by Britain in 1931.
However, Canada’s symbolic head of states remains the British monarch.
Canada has a parliamentary government, a system where legislative and executive
functions are combined in a legislature called a parliament.
The majority party’s leader becomes prime minister.
Canada’s Government

Three factors have contributed to the overall
success of the American economy—an
abundance of natural resources, a skilled labor
force, and a stable political system that has
allowed the economy to develop.
The economy is run largely on free enterprise.
Private individuals own most of the resources,
technology, and businesses and can operate
them with little government control.
The government places some regulations on
companies to protect the Market System such as
law declaring monolopies illegal.
Monopoly – total control of a type of industry by
one person or one company.
The U.S. Economy

The United States not only feeds itself but
also helps to feed the world.
The industrial output of the United States is
larger than that of any other country in the
world.
The American economy today is driven by
service industries. Three out of four
Americans now work in service-related jobs.
This economic phase is called a post-
industrial economy.
The U.S. Economy

The United States is the world’s major trading
nation, leading the world in the value of its
exports and imports.
Many American corporations engage in business
worldwide and are called multinationals.
Still, the U.S. has a trade deficit (spending
more money on imports than earning on exports).
This is due to the high cost of American goods
and the tariffs (taxes) placed upon them.
The U.S. Economy

No other country exports more wood pulp and
paper products than Canada.
Mining is a major industry because of
Canada’s extensive mineral deposits.
Three ocean coastlines provide Canadians
with an abundance of fish, and Canada
exports more fish than any other country.
Like the US, Canada has a modern post-
industrial economy where most of its citizens
make their living in service industries.
Canada’s spectacular natural beauty has
made tourism one of the fastest growing of the
service industries.
Canada’s economy has always relied on trade.
In 1994, Canada and the United States, along
with Mexico, signed the North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Canada’s Economy

90
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was created to facilitate trade
between Canada, The United States, and Mexico.
Canada is the United States biggest trading partner.
NAFTA

The region’s coastal and inland waters turned it
into the heart of trade, commerce, and industry
for the nation.
The Northeast is one of the most heavily
industrialized and urbanized areas in the world.
Coal, iron ore, and oil fueled industrialization.
Traditional industries still play a role in the
region’s economy, but most Northeasterners are
now employed in manufacturing and service
industries.
The U.S. Northeast

The U.S. Northeast
I. Geopolitical Locations:
1. New York
2. Boston
3. Philadelphia
*Most densely populated region in US.
II. Climate: Humid Continental
4 distinct seasons
Freezing cold winters
Hot steamy summers
III. Vegetation
Mixed forests, deciduous, coniferous

New York, New York!
• Shaped by immigration, industrialization, and urbanization.
• IMMIGRATION: movement of people.
• INDUSTRIALIZATON: use of machines for manufacturing goods.
• URBANIZATION: growth & concentration of people living in cities.
• One of the first cities of importance in the U.S.
• Melting pot of U.S.
• Economic center of U.S., & the world.

Boston: The Hotbed of Revolution
• Oldest U.S. cities. Puritans founded in 1630.
• Boston Massacre, 1770.
• Boston Tea Party, 1773.
• Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775.
•Industrialization, 1890s.
• Fishing, Maritime activities.
• Urban renewal program, 1957.
• Today, vital economic and medical sectors of U.S.
• Has one of the highest standard of living in U.S.

Philadelphia: The Birth of Liberty
• Founded in 1682.
• Declaration of Independence signed, 1776.
• U.S. Constitution signed, 1787.
•Home of the Liberty Bell.
• Destination for Irish immigrations, 1840s.
• Manufacturing giant in early years of industrialization.
• Production of coal, steel.
• Led to region being known as The Rust Belt.
•Today, shifted to economic and technology.

The South is often referred to as the “sunbelt” because of its climate.
Agriculture was the South’s first economic activity, and cotton, tobacco, fruits, peanuts,
and rice are still grown there. Livestock production is important, too.
The introduction of air conditioning in the 1950s and the region’s vast stores of energy
resources encouraged industrialization.
In recent times, the South has attracted many manufacturing and service industries.
The U.S. South

The U.S. Southeast
I. Geopolitical Locations
1. Jamestown
2. Charleston
3. New Orleans
4. Houston
*Wide coastal plain. No dry season.
II. Climate: Humid Subtropical
Mild winters
Hot summers
Gulf of Mexico.
III. Vegetation
Mixed forests, swamp, everglades.

Charleston, SC:
The South’s First Port
Jamestown, VA:
The First Settlement

New Orleans, LA: The Big Easy
Bought from Napolean (France) in 1803.
Louisiana Purchase doubled size of U.S.
Major port THEN and NOW for U.S.

Houston, Texas
• Home of the fourth largest city in U.S.
• Pre-Civil War: Agriculture (cotton), slavery.
• Confederate.
• Post-Civil War: Agriculture, fishing.
•Today, oil & gas exploration is BIG business.

The U.S. Midwest
Because of its central location, the Midwest is called the American heartland.
Vast, largely flat plains are a distinctive feature of the region. So are numerous
waterways, including the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.
The Midwest is the nation’s “breadbasket.” Fertile soil, adequate rainfall, and a
favorable climate enable Midwesterners to produce more food and feed more people
than farmers in any comparable area in the world.

The U.S. Midwest
1. Chicago
2. Kansas-Nebraska
* “Breadbasket of America”
II. Climate: Humid Continental
4 distinct seasons
Freezing cold winters
Hot steamy summers
III. Vegetation
Mixed forests, deciduous, coniferous

Chicago Skyline: The “Second” City
• Established 1833. Population: 200.
• Today, third largest U.S. city.
• Growth result of immigration, Great Lakes, & the Mississippi River.
• Manufacturing, railroad, labor unions.
• Home of Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, Barack Obama.

The U.S. West
Some areas are sparsely settled, but California
is the nation’s most populous state, because of
excellent farmland, good harbors, and a mild
climate.
The West is the most rapidly growing region in
the United States.
The region’s growth was helped by the
introduction of air conditioning and by
irrigation.

The U.S. West
1. Los Angeles
2. Hollywood
3. Seattle
4. Portland
5. Hoover Dam
Hydroelectric powerplant located on borders of
Nevada-Arizona. Supplies irrigation / electricity
to western cities such as Las Vegas.
6.NATURAL HAZARDS!
II. Climate: MULTIPLE
Highlands: Mountain ranges.
Climate changes with elevation.
Steppe/Desert (Arid/semiarid):
Winters pleasant with little rain.
Summers are hot and dry.
Marine West Coast (Pacific):
Rainy winters.
Warm, drier summers.
Tropical climates: Hawaii.
III. Vegetation: Varies with Climate

Los Angeles: The City of Angels?
•1847: U.S. territory following U.S. win of Mexican-American war.
•Major port and railroad connects West-to-East.
•Beginning of film industry.
•Today, second largest city in U.S.

Hollywood: City of Lost Dreams

109
Seattle, WA Portland, OR
•Oregon trail.
•Timber, fishing.
•Pacific, west coast marine.
•Today, urban center.
•Economies: Range from agriculture
(inland) to timber (mountain) to hi-tech
industries (cities).
•Gold rush.
•Port, shipbuilding, lumber.
•Pacific, west coast marine.
•Today, urban center.
•Economies: Range from timber
(mountain) to hi-tech industries (cities)
& development of “green” energy.

 Second largest country in the world.
 Shares over 5,000 miles of border with the U.S.
 90% of Canada’s population lives within 100 miles of the
U.S.-Canadian border.
 1/3 of Canada’s population lives in Toronto, Montreal, &
Vancouver.
Canada’s Facts

Ottawa: Canada’s Capital
• 1857: Queen Victoria declares Ottawa to be the capital of Canada.
• Humid Continental climate. 4 distinct seasons!
• Urban center with outlying suburbs. Fourth largest city in Canada.

112
Canada’s Northwest Territories
Directly east of the Pacific Provinces lie the Northwest Territories, which extend into
the Arctic. Nunavut was carved out of the eastern half of the Northwest Territories in
1999.

Canada’s Northern Territories
• Yukon, Northwest, Nunavut.
•Major towns: Whitehorse, Yellowknife & Iqaluit.
• MacKenzie River is Canada’s largest river and flows into the Arctic Ocean.
•Sparsely populated. Rural.
•Subarctic & Tundra climates.
•Economy fueled by vast amounts of natural resources:
•Minerals: nickel, copper, uranium mining.
•Forestry / pulp manufacturing.
•Hydroelectric energy.

Eastern Canada is the location of the four
Atlantic Provinces—Prince Edward Island,
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and
Newfoundland.
The Atlantic Provinces are home to just eight
percent of Canada’s population. The small
population is due largely to the provinces’
rugged terrain and severe weather.
Fishing and logging are important in all four
provinces.
In Nova Scotia, shipbuilding and trade provide
more employment and revenue.
And Newfoundland’s hydroelectric-power
resources supply power to Quebec and parts
of the northeastern United States.
Canada’s Atlantic Provinces

 Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, &
Prince Edward Island.
 St. Lawrence River connects the inner
portions of southern Canada to the Atlantic
Ocean using LOCKS.
 Humid Continental climate.
– 4 distinct seasons.
 Resources/Economy:
– Fishing / fish harvesting.
 Vegetation: Mixed forests.
– Coniferous and deciduous.
Canada’s Maritime (Atlantic) Provinces

The Prairie Provinces — Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta—are part of the Great
Plains of North America.
They are the center of Canada’s agricultural yield, responsible for 50% of the nation’s
agricultural production.
In addition, about 60 percent of Canada’s mineral output comes from this region.
Alberta itself has the nation’s largest known deposits of coal and oil and produces 90%
of Canada’s natural gas.
Canada’s Prairie Provinces

117
 Manitoba, Saskatchewan, & Alberta.
 Urban centers: Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg.
 Steppe climate. Arid/semi-arid or dry.
 Economy: Farming (wheat), petroleum, coal.
Canada’s Prairie Provinces

Canada’s westernmost province is British Columbia.
Nearly all of it lies within the Rocky Mountains range. Over
half of the land is densely forested, and nearly one-third is
frozen tundra, snowfields, and glaciers.
This is the location of British Columbia’s two largest cities,
Victoria and Vancouver.
The economy is built on logging, mining, and hydroelectric-
power production.
The Yukon Territory lies north of British Columbia and is
largely unspoiled wilderness.
Canada’s Pacific Provinces

119
 Vancouver, British Columbia.
 1/2 the Province’s population lives in
Vancouver.
 Marine West Coast climate.
 Economy: Tourism, financial investment,
and technology.
Canada’s Western Province
Vancouver
British Columbia

Chapter 4 Anglo America (US& Canada)

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Chapter 4 Anglo America (US& Canada)

Editor's Notes