This document discusses various software development life cycle models. It begins by defining the software life cycle as the period from when a software product is conceived to when it is no longer available for use, typically including requirements, design, implementation, testing, installation, operation and maintenance, and retirement phases.
It then examines the "build and fix" model, waterfall model, iterative enhancement model, rapid application development model, evolutionary process model, prototyping model, spiral model, and unified process. For each model, it provides a brief overview and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. It concludes by noting that the selection of a life cycle model depends on the requirements, development team, users, and project type and associated risks.
The document discusses the evolving role of software engineering and reasons for the software crisis. It notes that the nature and complexity of software has changed, requiring a move away from relying on individual experts. Additionally, many software projects fail or run over budget and schedule. Common causes include large problems, lack of training, skill shortages, and low productivity growth. The document examines historical software failures from Ariane 5 to Windows XP and argues for adopting systematic software engineering practices and processes.
This document discusses software design. It begins by defining software design and noting that it is more creative than analysis. It describes the software design document and design framework. It discusses that design satisfies both customers and developers. It differentiates between conceptual and technical design. It explains properties of modularity like well-defined subsystems and interfaces. It describes different types of module coupling and cohesion and how to achieve loose coupling and high cohesion. Finally, it discusses design strategies, notations, and function-oriented design.
The document discusses software project planning and size estimation techniques. It describes estimating the size of a software project using lines of code counting, function point analysis, and examples. Function point analysis involves decomposing a system into functional units like inputs, outputs, files and inquiries. Each unit is assigned a complexity weight and counted. The weighted counts are summed to calculate unadjusted function points. Adjustments are then made based on complexity factors to determine the final function point count, which can be used to estimate effort, cost and schedule for a project. Three examples are provided to illustrate calculating function points for sample projects.
The document discusses concepts related to software reliability. It describes how software reliability is modeled using a "bathtub curve" with two phases - an initial high failure rate period and a useful life period with an approximately constant failure rate. The document defines software reliability and discusses factors that influence it like faults in the software and the execution environment. It also outlines various ways of characterizing software failures over time and presents models of failure probability distributions. Finally, it discusses uses of reliability studies and defines software quality in terms of attributes like reliability, correctness and maintainability.
The document discusses software design and key concepts related to software design including:
1) Software design is the process of planning the architecture, components, interfaces, and other characteristics of a software system.
2) Good software design aims for high cohesion and loose coupling between modules. It involves conceptual design, technical design, and refinement of the design.
3) Modularity, coupling, and cohesion are important design principles. Modularity enhances manageability while loose coupling and high cohesion are design goals.
This document discusses software metrics and how they can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. It begins by asking questions that software metrics can help answer, such as how to measure software size, development costs, bugs, and reliability. It then provides definitions of key terms like measurement, metrics, and defines software metrics as the application of measurement techniques to software development and products. The document outlines areas where software metrics are commonly used, like cost estimation and quality/reliability prediction. It also discusses challenges in implementing metrics and provides categories of metrics like product, process, and project metrics. The remainder of the document provides examples and formulas for specific software metrics.
The document discusses software project planning and size estimation techniques. It describes lines of code counting, function point analysis, and the process for calculating unadjusted function points and complexity adjustment factors. Function point analysis involves identifying functional components and assigning weighted counts and complexity levels. The counts are then used to calculate the unadjusted function point total, which is adjusted based on complexity factors to determine the final function point estimate.
The document discusses the evolving role of software engineering and reasons for the software crisis. It notes that the nature and complexity of software has changed, requiring a move away from relying on individual experts. Additionally, many software projects fail or run over budget and schedule. Common causes include large problems, lack of training, skill shortages, and low productivity growth. The document examines historical software failures from Ariane 5 to Windows XP and argues for adopting systematic software engineering practices and processes.
This document discusses software design. It begins by defining software design and noting that it is more creative than analysis. It describes the software design document and design framework. It discusses that design satisfies both customers and developers. It differentiates between conceptual and technical design. It explains properties of modularity like well-defined subsystems and interfaces. It describes different types of module coupling and cohesion and how to achieve loose coupling and high cohesion. Finally, it discusses design strategies, notations, and function-oriented design.
The document discusses software project planning and size estimation techniques. It describes estimating the size of a software project using lines of code counting, function point analysis, and examples. Function point analysis involves decomposing a system into functional units like inputs, outputs, files and inquiries. Each unit is assigned a complexity weight and counted. The weighted counts are summed to calculate unadjusted function points. Adjustments are then made based on complexity factors to determine the final function point count, which can be used to estimate effort, cost and schedule for a project. Three examples are provided to illustrate calculating function points for sample projects.
The document discusses concepts related to software reliability. It describes how software reliability is modeled using a "bathtub curve" with two phases - an initial high failure rate period and a useful life period with an approximately constant failure rate. The document defines software reliability and discusses factors that influence it like faults in the software and the execution environment. It also outlines various ways of characterizing software failures over time and presents models of failure probability distributions. Finally, it discusses uses of reliability studies and defines software quality in terms of attributes like reliability, correctness and maintainability.
The document discusses software design and key concepts related to software design including:
1) Software design is the process of planning the architecture, components, interfaces, and other characteristics of a software system.
2) Good software design aims for high cohesion and loose coupling between modules. It involves conceptual design, technical design, and refinement of the design.
3) Modularity, coupling, and cohesion are important design principles. Modularity enhances manageability while loose coupling and high cohesion are design goals.
This document discusses software metrics and how they can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. It begins by asking questions that software metrics can help answer, such as how to measure software size, development costs, bugs, and reliability. It then provides definitions of key terms like measurement, metrics, and defines software metrics as the application of measurement techniques to software development and products. The document outlines areas where software metrics are commonly used, like cost estimation and quality/reliability prediction. It also discusses challenges in implementing metrics and provides categories of metrics like product, process, and project metrics. The remainder of the document provides examples and formulas for specific software metrics.
The document discusses software project planning and size estimation techniques. It describes lines of code counting, function point analysis, and the process for calculating unadjusted function points and complexity adjustment factors. Function point analysis involves identifying functional components and assigning weighted counts and complexity levels. The counts are then used to calculate the unadjusted function point total, which is adjusted based on complexity factors to determine the final function point estimate.
Chapter 2 software development life cycle modelsdespicable me
The document discusses several software development life cycle models including:
- Build and Fix model - A simple two phase model of building code without design then fixing issues. Not suitable for projects over 200 lines of code.
- Waterfall model - A sequential model consisting of requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance phases. Difficult to define all requirements up front.
- Incremental and iterative models - Deliver working versions in cycles with additional functionality added each cycle.
- Spiral model - Addresses project risks through risk analysis phases. Each phase involves planning, risk analysis, development and customer evaluation in a spiral pattern.
The document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as including error corrections, enhancements, deletions of obsolete capabilities, and optimizations. It categorizes maintenance as corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive. It discusses problems during maintenance like programs written by others without clear understanding. It presents models of maintenance like quick-fix, iterative enhancement, reuse-oriented, Boehm's model, and Taute model. It discusses regression testing and techniques to reduce regression testing effort like reusing existing test suites and selecting relevant test cases.
MindScripts Technologies is the authorized Softwrae Testing Training institutes in Pune, providing a complete softwrae testing certification course with ISTQB certification. It provides a IBM Certified courses.
1. The document discusses different types of software testing including manual testing, automation testing, black-box testing, white-box testing, grey-box testing, and different levels of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, regression testing, and acceptance testing.
2. It provides details on when each type of testing is used and their objectives such as finding defects, ensuring quality, and meeting requirements.
3. The key types of testing covered include functional testing, which has sub-types like unit, integration, system, regression, and acceptance testing, and non-functional testing.
1. The document discusses the fundamentals of software testing, including topics like errors and debugging, software quality attributes, and test processes and principles.
2. It defines key terms like errors, faults, failures and explains the differences between testing and debugging.
3. Software quality is discussed in terms of attributes like reliability, correctness, usability and performance. Testing aims to detect errors in software to increase confidence in its quality and reliability.
This document discusses different types of software metrics including process, product, and project metrics. It defines metrics as quantitative measures of attributes and discusses how they can be used as indicators to improve processes and projects. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process over long periods of time. Product metrics measure attributes of the software at different stages. Project metrics are used to monitor and control projects. The document also discusses size-oriented and function-oriented metrics for normalization and comparison purposes. It provides examples of calculating function points and deriving metrics like errors per function point.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
The document describes a mini project report for an Online Examination System submitted by Vikram Singh Slathia and Rajesh Sahu under the supervision of Mehul Mahrishi. It includes a candidate declaration signed by the students, a certificate signed by the supervisor, and acknowledgements. The abstract provides a brief overview of the Online Examination System as a web-based application for technical evaluation that replaces paperwork and reduces faculty workload.
The document discusses various aspects of the software process including software process models, generic process models like waterfall model and evolutionary development, process iteration, and system requirements specification. It provides details on each topic with definitions, characteristics, advantages and diagrams. The key steps in software process are specified as software specifications, design and implementation, validation, and evolution. Generic process models and specific models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and incremental delivery are explained.
The document provides an overview of software testing techniques and strategies. It discusses unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, system testing, and debugging. The key points covered include:
- Unit testing involves testing individual software modules or components in isolation from the rest of the system. This includes testing module interfaces, data structures, boundary conditions, and error handling paths.
- Integration testing combines software components into clusters or builds to test their interactions before full system integration. Approaches include top-down and bottom-up integration.
- Validation testing verifies that the software meets the intended requirements and customer expectations defined in validation criteria.
- System testing evaluates the fully integrated software system, including recovery, security, stress,
The document discusses various software metrics that can be used to measure attributes of software products and processes. It describes metrics for size (e.g. lines of code), complexity (e.g. cyclomatic complexity), quality (e.g. defects per KLOC), design (e.g. coupling and cohesion), and object-oriented software (e.g. weighted methods per class). The goals of metrics include estimating costs, evaluating quality, and improving processes and products.
This document summarizes LOC (lines of code), function points, COCOMO I and COCOMO II cost estimation models. It defines LOC and function points for measuring software size. It then describes the Basic, Intermediate and Detailed COCOMO models, which use regression formulas to estimate software development effort based on project size and characteristics. COCOMO II models include Application Composition, Early Design and Post Architecture models. An example calculation is provided for each model.
The document discusses software testing concepts like verification, validation, whitebox testing, and blackbox testing. Verification ensures the product satisfies specifications, while validation ensures it meets customer requirements. Whitebox testing uses internal knowledge to test code, while blackbox testing treats the system as a black box without internal knowledge. The document also covers different types of testing like unit, integration, and functional testing.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software quality and describes two types - quality of design and quality of conformance. It discusses quality concepts at the organizational, project, and process levels. It also describes software reviews, their types and purposes. Software quality assurance aims to establish organizational procedures and standards to achieve high quality software. Key SQA activities include applying technical methods, reviews, testing, enforcing standards and measurement.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and definitions. It discusses key topics such as software quality, testing methods like static and dynamic testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and testing types including functional, non-functional, regression and security testing. The document is intended as an introduction to software testing principles and terminology.
The document discusses adaptive software development. It is a technique for building complex software that focuses on human collaboration and team self-organization. It involves a life cycle of speculation, collaboration, and learning. During speculation, the project is initiated and planning is conducted. Collaboration emphasizes communication, teamwork, and individualism. Learning challenges stakeholders to examine assumptions and use results from each development cycle to learn directions for the next cycle. The process involves speculating, collaborating, and learning in an iterative way.
The document discusses software testing and provides details on various aspects of software testing such as:
1) The objectives of software testing including uncovering errors, demonstrating software matches requirements, and validating quality with minimum cost.
2) Different levels of software testing from unit to integration to system testing.
3) Key aspects of software testing like test plans, test cases, test types (black box vs white box), and testing methodologies.
The document presents on the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which describes key elements of an effective software process. There are 5 levels of the CMM - Initial, Repeatable, Defined, Managed, and Optimizing - with each level building upon the previous. The Initial level involves teams tackling projects differently each time, while the Repeatable level allows for earlier successes to be repeated. The Defined level standardizes processes across projects, and the Managed level introduces detailed measurements and process control. Finally, the Optimizing level focuses on continuous process improvement using data on process effectiveness. Some problems with CMM are that it is a goal not a method, can be used just for approval stamps, and does not
What is Quality ||
Software Quality Metrics ||
Types of Software Quality Metrics ||
Three groups of Software Quality Metrics ||
Customer Satisfaction Metrics ||
Tools used for Quality Metrics/Measurements ||
PERT and CPM ||
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, incremental, spiral, rapid application development (RAD), dynamic systems development method (DSDM), adaptive software development, and agile methods. It provides an overview of the key characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and types of projects that each model is best suited for. Tailored SDLC models are recommended to customize processes based on specific project needs and risks.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models: waterfall model, prototyping model, iterative enhancement model, spiral model, and object-oriented methodology model. It provides detailed descriptions of each model's phases, process, advantages, and limitations. The waterfall model is the simplest and involves sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Prototyping and iterative enhancement models allow for more user feedback and flexibility. The spiral model is risk-driven and iterative. The object-oriented model focuses on identifying system objects and relationships.
Chapter 2 software development life cycle modelsdespicable me
The document discusses several software development life cycle models including:
- Build and Fix model - A simple two phase model of building code without design then fixing issues. Not suitable for projects over 200 lines of code.
- Waterfall model - A sequential model consisting of requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance phases. Difficult to define all requirements up front.
- Incremental and iterative models - Deliver working versions in cycles with additional functionality added each cycle.
- Spiral model - Addresses project risks through risk analysis phases. Each phase involves planning, risk analysis, development and customer evaluation in a spiral pattern.
The document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as including error corrections, enhancements, deletions of obsolete capabilities, and optimizations. It categorizes maintenance as corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive. It discusses problems during maintenance like programs written by others without clear understanding. It presents models of maintenance like quick-fix, iterative enhancement, reuse-oriented, Boehm's model, and Taute model. It discusses regression testing and techniques to reduce regression testing effort like reusing existing test suites and selecting relevant test cases.
MindScripts Technologies is the authorized Softwrae Testing Training institutes in Pune, providing a complete softwrae testing certification course with ISTQB certification. It provides a IBM Certified courses.
1. The document discusses different types of software testing including manual testing, automation testing, black-box testing, white-box testing, grey-box testing, and different levels of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, regression testing, and acceptance testing.
2. It provides details on when each type of testing is used and their objectives such as finding defects, ensuring quality, and meeting requirements.
3. The key types of testing covered include functional testing, which has sub-types like unit, integration, system, regression, and acceptance testing, and non-functional testing.
1. The document discusses the fundamentals of software testing, including topics like errors and debugging, software quality attributes, and test processes and principles.
2. It defines key terms like errors, faults, failures and explains the differences between testing and debugging.
3. Software quality is discussed in terms of attributes like reliability, correctness, usability and performance. Testing aims to detect errors in software to increase confidence in its quality and reliability.
This document discusses different types of software metrics including process, product, and project metrics. It defines metrics as quantitative measures of attributes and discusses how they can be used as indicators to improve processes and projects. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process over long periods of time. Product metrics measure attributes of the software at different stages. Project metrics are used to monitor and control projects. The document also discusses size-oriented and function-oriented metrics for normalization and comparison purposes. It provides examples of calculating function points and deriving metrics like errors per function point.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
The document describes a mini project report for an Online Examination System submitted by Vikram Singh Slathia and Rajesh Sahu under the supervision of Mehul Mahrishi. It includes a candidate declaration signed by the students, a certificate signed by the supervisor, and acknowledgements. The abstract provides a brief overview of the Online Examination System as a web-based application for technical evaluation that replaces paperwork and reduces faculty workload.
The document discusses various aspects of the software process including software process models, generic process models like waterfall model and evolutionary development, process iteration, and system requirements specification. It provides details on each topic with definitions, characteristics, advantages and diagrams. The key steps in software process are specified as software specifications, design and implementation, validation, and evolution. Generic process models and specific models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and incremental delivery are explained.
The document provides an overview of software testing techniques and strategies. It discusses unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, system testing, and debugging. The key points covered include:
- Unit testing involves testing individual software modules or components in isolation from the rest of the system. This includes testing module interfaces, data structures, boundary conditions, and error handling paths.
- Integration testing combines software components into clusters or builds to test their interactions before full system integration. Approaches include top-down and bottom-up integration.
- Validation testing verifies that the software meets the intended requirements and customer expectations defined in validation criteria.
- System testing evaluates the fully integrated software system, including recovery, security, stress,
The document discusses various software metrics that can be used to measure attributes of software products and processes. It describes metrics for size (e.g. lines of code), complexity (e.g. cyclomatic complexity), quality (e.g. defects per KLOC), design (e.g. coupling and cohesion), and object-oriented software (e.g. weighted methods per class). The goals of metrics include estimating costs, evaluating quality, and improving processes and products.
This document summarizes LOC (lines of code), function points, COCOMO I and COCOMO II cost estimation models. It defines LOC and function points for measuring software size. It then describes the Basic, Intermediate and Detailed COCOMO models, which use regression formulas to estimate software development effort based on project size and characteristics. COCOMO II models include Application Composition, Early Design and Post Architecture models. An example calculation is provided for each model.
The document discusses software testing concepts like verification, validation, whitebox testing, and blackbox testing. Verification ensures the product satisfies specifications, while validation ensures it meets customer requirements. Whitebox testing uses internal knowledge to test code, while blackbox testing treats the system as a black box without internal knowledge. The document also covers different types of testing like unit, integration, and functional testing.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software quality and describes two types - quality of design and quality of conformance. It discusses quality concepts at the organizational, project, and process levels. It also describes software reviews, their types and purposes. Software quality assurance aims to establish organizational procedures and standards to achieve high quality software. Key SQA activities include applying technical methods, reviews, testing, enforcing standards and measurement.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and definitions. It discusses key topics such as software quality, testing methods like static and dynamic testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and testing types including functional, non-functional, regression and security testing. The document is intended as an introduction to software testing principles and terminology.
The document discusses adaptive software development. It is a technique for building complex software that focuses on human collaboration and team self-organization. It involves a life cycle of speculation, collaboration, and learning. During speculation, the project is initiated and planning is conducted. Collaboration emphasizes communication, teamwork, and individualism. Learning challenges stakeholders to examine assumptions and use results from each development cycle to learn directions for the next cycle. The process involves speculating, collaborating, and learning in an iterative way.
The document discusses software testing and provides details on various aspects of software testing such as:
1) The objectives of software testing including uncovering errors, demonstrating software matches requirements, and validating quality with minimum cost.
2) Different levels of software testing from unit to integration to system testing.
3) Key aspects of software testing like test plans, test cases, test types (black box vs white box), and testing methodologies.
The document presents on the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which describes key elements of an effective software process. There are 5 levels of the CMM - Initial, Repeatable, Defined, Managed, and Optimizing - with each level building upon the previous. The Initial level involves teams tackling projects differently each time, while the Repeatable level allows for earlier successes to be repeated. The Defined level standardizes processes across projects, and the Managed level introduces detailed measurements and process control. Finally, the Optimizing level focuses on continuous process improvement using data on process effectiveness. Some problems with CMM are that it is a goal not a method, can be used just for approval stamps, and does not
What is Quality ||
Software Quality Metrics ||
Types of Software Quality Metrics ||
Three groups of Software Quality Metrics ||
Customer Satisfaction Metrics ||
Tools used for Quality Metrics/Measurements ||
PERT and CPM ||
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, incremental, spiral, rapid application development (RAD), dynamic systems development method (DSDM), adaptive software development, and agile methods. It provides an overview of the key characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and types of projects that each model is best suited for. Tailored SDLC models are recommended to customize processes based on specific project needs and risks.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models: waterfall model, prototyping model, iterative enhancement model, spiral model, and object-oriented methodology model. It provides detailed descriptions of each model's phases, process, advantages, and limitations. The waterfall model is the simplest and involves sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Prototyping and iterative enhancement models allow for more user feedback and flexibility. The spiral model is risk-driven and iterative. The object-oriented model focuses on identifying system objects and relationships.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models:
- The waterfall model is a linear and sequential approach with distinct phases for requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment. It works well for projects with stable requirements.
- The V-shaped model emphasizes verification and validation testing at each phase. It is suited for projects requiring high reliability.
- Evolutionary prototyping involves building prototypes early and getting user feedback in iterations to refine requirements. It helps clarify unstable requirements.
- Rapid application development (RAD) emphasizes user involvement and productivity tools to reduce cycle times. It is suited when requirements are reasonably well known.
- Incremental development delivers partial systems in increments to get early benefits while allowing
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC) as a systematic method for organizations to implement change through new technologies. It describes the four phases of SDLC - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. The planning phase involves feasibility studies to understand economic, organizational, and technical factors. The analysis phase breaks down the problem and gathers stakeholder requirements. The design phase decides if the system will be internal or outsourced. The implementation phase builds, tests, trains users on, and evaluates the new system. SDLC provides a systematic strategy for large development projects involving many stakeholders.
Requirements engineering process in software engineeringPreeti Mishra
Requirement Engineering (RE) involves understanding what customers want through tasks like elicitation, negotiation, and specification. RE helps establish requirements that provide a solid foundation for design and construction. The key RE tasks are inception to understand the problem, elicitation by drawing out requirements, elaboration by creating analysis models, negotiation to agree on a realistic solution, specification to formally describe requirements, validation to check for errors or issues, and management of changing requirements. RE helps software engineers better understand problems to solve through participation with customers, managers, and end users.
Software certification involves certifying software developers, processes, and products. It aims to validate quality and reliability through recognized standards. Developer certification recognizes skills and competence, while process certification evaluates methods and compliance with standards like ISO and CMM. Product certification directly assures customers and aids selection, though there is no universal standard. Aviation uses DO-178B to certify software by potential failure impact from level A (catastrophic) to E (minor). Third party certification of components is needed to build trusted systems, but component-based practices have not been fully stabilized.
1. The document provides multiple choice questions related to software testing concepts and terms. It covers topics like test case design, test levels, defect management, risk analysis, test techniques and tools.
2. Several questions test knowledge of terms related to test coverage, test types, integration testing techniques, defect prioritization and analysis. Other topics assessed include test planning, test metrics, compatibility testing and quality perspectives.
3. The document contains 75 multiple choice questions to evaluate understanding of key software testing concepts and best practices. The breadth of topics covered provides a comprehensive skills assessment.
The document describes key requirements engineering processes including feasibility studies, requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation, and requirements management. It discusses techniques for gathering requirements such as interviews, scenarios, use cases, and ethnography. It also covers validating requirements through reviews and prototyping to ensure the defined requirements meet customer needs.
The document discusses software testing fundamentals and principles. It defines software testing as evaluating a product to determine if it contains any defects and satisfies requirements. Testing is important to prevent errors and ensure quality, security, efficiency and flexibility. The key goals of testing are to find defects, verify that specifications are properly implemented, and ensure customer expectations are met.
Comparison between waterfall model and spiral modelGalaxyy Pandey
The document compares the waterfall and spiral models of software development. It describes the phases and characteristics of each model. The waterfall model progresses through phases sequentially with no going back, while the spiral model iterates through phases and allows revisiting previous work. The key difference is that the spiral model supports changes more easily and involves customers throughout, while the waterfall model does not support changes as well and involves customers less. Choosing a model depends on factors like project size, resources, and urgency.
Rapid application development (RAD) aims to develop software quickly through a model with phases like business modeling, data modeling, process modeling, application generation, and testing. Business modeling defines information flow. Data modeling refines information into entities and attributes. Process modeling transforms data objects to support business functions. Automated tools help build the software. Testing reduces risk through component reuse and interface exercises. RAD requires tools like case tools, data dictionaries, storyboards, and risk registers. Advantages include quick reviews, isolation of problems, and flexibility, while disadvantages are lack of planning and need for skilled developers.
The document discusses different software development life cycle (SDLC) models including the waterfall model, spiral model, and agile model. It provides an overview of each model's phases, advantages, and disadvantages. The waterfall model is the oldest and most widely used. It is linear but can lead to confusion if requirements are unclear. The spiral model is adapted for large, complicated projects and allows for changes and testing at each phase but requires an experienced team. The agile model prioritizes requirements, verification, design, and implementation through iterative development with customer involvement and fixed time periods.
The document discusses prototype modeling. A prototype is a preliminary model or version of a final product that is created to test concepts or processes. There are several types of prototyping including throwaway, evolutionary, incremental, and extreme prototyping. The prototype modeling process involves requirements gathering, quick design, building the prototype, customer evaluation, review and updates. Prototypes allow users to provide feedback early in the development process and help reduce costs, time, and risks.
The document discusses requirements analysis, which involves understanding customer needs and expectations for a proposed system. Requirements analysis is necessary to ensure projects align with business goals and specifications. The requirements analysis process includes identifying system boundaries, customers, eliciting requirements through stakeholder interviews, analyzing requirements, documenting requirements in a specification, and managing evolving requirements. An effective software requirements specification establishes agreement between customers and developers on system functionality.
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC), which describes the stages of an information system development project. It outlines the typical stages: recognition of need, feasibility study, analysis, design, implementation, post-implementation, maintenance, and prototyping. The feasibility study assesses the economic, technical, and behavioral factors. Analysis involves gathering requirements through tools like interviews and documentation. Design defines technical specifications and system flow. Implementation deploys the system. Prototyping allows refining the system through iterative testing and user feedback before final implementation.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the typical phases of SDLC including problem definition, program design, coding, debugging, testing, documentation, maintenance, and extension/redesign. It also covers different SDLC models like waterfall, prototyping, and agile development. The SDLC process is best for structured environments while iterative models work better for web and e-commerce projects where frequent stakeholder feedback is needed.
The document discusses different software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, spiral/iterative, and agile. It provides an overview of each model's phases and when they are best applied. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance. The spiral model is risk-driven and iterative. The agile model emphasizes speed, reduced documentation, and frequent customer feedback through shorter development cycles. SDLC models provide structure, standard processes and deliverables to software development projects.
The document discusses the prototyping model of software development. It describes prototyping as building a toy or crude initial version of the software to get early user feedback before developing the actual system. The key steps are requirements gathering, quick design, building the prototype, user evaluation and refinement, then iterative development and engineering of the final product. Advantages include early user assessment, gaining insight, and clarifying requirements. Disadvantages include the potential for increased time/costs if multiple prototypes are needed and losing focus on quality.
40 fucking characters are you fucking crazy I hate this site just let me down...maccdx
The document discusses various software development life cycle models, including:
- Build & Fix Model: Ad-hoc approach with two phases of build and fix code. Only suitable for small programs.
- Waterfall Model: Sequential model with requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance phases. Requires complete requirements upfront.
- Iterative Enhancement Model: Similar phases to waterfall but conducted in iterative cycles, releasing usable software at the end of each cycle.
- Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model: Emphasizes user participation through building prototypes and obtaining feedback to refine requirements.
- Evolutionary Prototyping Model: Iterative model where requirements are implemented by category rather than priority.
The JAXenter article "Automated testing of JavaFX GUI components - Testing JavaFX 8 UI application functionality" describes how JavaFX 8 UI controls could be tested by the automated testing tool QF-Test to enable and proceed test cases lead by the business users. The maturity as given for JavaFX 8 applications, i.e. build with JDK8u40, corresponds to the required quality of the UI, by passing the automated structural test cases.
The document discusses different software development life cycle models and their implications for testing. It describes the waterfall model, V-model, iterative models like RAD and XP. The V-model uses four test levels - component, integration, system and acceptance testing. Iterative models divide delivery into increments with testing at each stage. Whichever model is used, testing activities correspond to development activities and testers are involved from the start.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR PERFORMANCE COMPARISONijseajournal
Performance responsiveness and scalability is a make-or-break quality for software. Nearly everyone runs into performance problems at one time or another. This paper discusses about performance issues faced during Pre Examination Process Automation System (PEPAS) implemented in java technology. The challenges faced during the life cycle of the project and the mitigation actions performed. It compares 3 java technologies and shows how improvements are made through statistical analysis in response time of the application. The paper concludes with result analysis.
This document summarizes an approach for calculating the testing effort needed for software projects. It discusses existing test effort estimation methods and their limitations. The proposed method estimates test effort based on test case points captured from test cases prepared from requirements documentation. This allows test effort to be estimated earlier in the software development lifecycle compared to code-based methods. The computation of test effort using this approach involves less overhead.
Software development models_rendi_saputra_infosys_USRRendi Saputra
The document discusses various software development life cycle models including the waterfall model, V-model, iterative models, rapid application development, and agile development like extreme programming. It notes that testing is related to development activities and each model implies different testing levels and approaches. For example, the V-model uses four test levels - component, integration, system, and acceptance testing - each with their own objectives.
Tiara Ramadhani - Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi - Fakultas Sains dan Tekn...Tiara Ramadhani
Tugas ini di buat untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah pada Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi.
Oleh ;
Nama : Tiara Ramadhani.
NIM ; 11453201723
SIF VII E
UIN SUSKA RIAU
The document discusses different software development life cycle models and their associated testing approaches. It describes the waterfall model as one of the earliest sequential models. It then explains the V-model which includes four levels of testing: component, integration, system, and acceptance. The document also discusses iterative and agile models like RAD and XP, noting characteristics like active customer feedback, pair programming, and frequent integration and testing. Finally, it summarizes that for any life cycle model, there should be corresponding testing activities at each stage with specific objectives.
The document discusses several software development life cycle models and their implications for testing. It describes the waterfall model, V-model, iterative models, Rapid Application Development (RAD) model, and Agile development models like Extreme Programming (XP). For each model, it explains the development process and when different types of testing like component, integration, system, and acceptance testing typically occur. Finally, it emphasizes that good testing involves corresponding testing activities for each development activity and defining objectives for each test level.
The document discusses several software development models including the waterfall model, V-model, iterative models, Rapid Application Development (RAD) model, and Agile development models like Extreme Programming (XP). The V-model uses four test levels - component, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Iterative models deliver functionality in increments with each increment tested at several levels. RAD encourages active customer feedback for early visibility and decisions about future development. Agile models like XP promote generating stories to define functionality and on-site customers for continual feedback.
This document proposes adopting an iterative development methodology that borrows from agile techniques like Scrum and XP. It suggests dividing projects into shorter 30-day iterations, with features estimated and designed at the start of each iteration. At the end of an iteration, working code would be completed along with automated testing. This approach aims to provide more accurate estimates, earlier feedback, better designed features, and more predictable development cycles compared to the current waterfall model. Key aspects to retain include code reviews, continuous integration, testing, and transparency of work.
Software can impact many aspects of society and is found almost everywhere. Common problems in software development include projects not fulfilling customer needs, being difficult to extend and improve, lacking documentation, and having poor quality. Software engineering aims to produce software on time, reliably, and completely by applying a systematic and disciplined approach.
The document describes different software development process models including the waterfall model, prototyping model, incremental development, spiral development, agile methods, and extreme programming. It explains each model and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The waterfall model is most appropriate when requirements are stable while agile methods are best for changing requirements but can be difficult to manage.
DevOps CI Automation Continuous IntegrationIRJET Journal
This document discusses implementing a DevOps continuous integration (CI) automation pipeline for test automation. It involves developing a Java-based test automation framework using Selenium and TestNG. Test cases and framework code are stored in a GitHub repository. Jenkins is configured to automatically build and run tests whenever code is committed to GitHub. This allows for continuous regression testing and helps deliver defect-free software by catching issues early in the development cycle.
This document discusses various software development life cycle models including the V-Model, Prototyping Model, Extreme Programming, Synchronize-and-Stabilize Model, Fountain Model, and Spiral Model. It provides an overview and description of each model, outlining their key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The models are classified based on features of software projects to determine the most appropriate life cycle approach.
This document summarizes a research study comparing test-driven development (TDD) to traditional ad-hoc development approaches. The study divided developers into two teams - one using TDD and one using ad-hoc methods. The TDD team produced code with significantly fewer defects across all phases of development and maintenance. Specifically, the TDD approach resulted in 10 defects per thousand lines of code compared to 50 defects using ad-hoc methods. As a result, the TDD approach was found to reduce overall development and maintenance costs by decreasing the number of defects that need to be fixed.
This document summarizes a research study comparing the impact of test-driven development (TDD) versus a traditional ad-hoc approach on software defects and cost. The study involved developing the same software using two teams - one using TDD and one using an ad-hoc approach. The results showed that the TDD approach produced significantly fewer defects across all phases of development and fewer defects during maintenance. As a result, the TDD approach was found to be more cost effective due to the reduced number of defects needing to be fixed.
A software Process model is a standardised format for planning, organising, and runninga new software development project. The need to complete and deliver software projects faster require using a suitable model.
There are several different kind of models being used which have evolved over the years, in this paper we carried out survey on the following main types of model; waterfall model, V-model, Component assembly model, Chaos model, Incremental model, Prototyping model, Spiral model, Rapid application development (RAD) model, Agile model, rational unified process (RUP), Iconix process and Software ecosystem (SECO) model by describing their characteristic features.
We concluded the study by listing the strengths and weaknesses of each of this models.
Similar to Chapter 2 software_development_life_cycle_models (20)
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.