Chapter 2 lecture slideshow
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The document covers concepts related to motion and forces, including: 1) Inertia refers to an object's tendency to remain at rest or in constant motion unless acted on by an external force. 2) Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 3) A vector can be represented by its magnitude and direction or by its x and y components, and methods are given to convert between the two representations.
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A new theory has been presented, for the first time, called the "Phase Theory", which is the natural evolution of the physical thought and is considered the one beyond the super string theory. This theory solves the unsolved problems of the mysterious of matter, antimatter and interactions and makes a wide step towards the unification of the forces of nature. In this theory, the vibrating string of different frequency modes which determines the different types of elementary particles is replaced by a three dimensional infinitesimal pulsating (black)holes with the same frequency. Different types of elementary particles are determined by different phase angles associated with the same frequency. This allows the force of interactions to take place among elementary particles, without the need to invoke the notion of the force carrier particles, as the (stable) force of interactions can never take place between elementary particles at different frequencies. Besides the strong mathematical proofs given in this paper to prove its truthfulness, an experimental prediction has been given to confirm the theory presented in the form of the relation between the electron radius and quarks radii. The paper shows that quarks are direct consequence of this theory, and solves "the flavor problem" in QCD, and gives the clue to answer the questions of "Why are there so many flavors? The paper also derives the equation of the big bang theory which describes the singularity of the moment of creation of the universe.
Jm honors pt 1 this one missing you
The document provides an overview of the development of physics and chemistry from ancient times through the 18th century. It discusses Aristotle's theories of motion and causation and how teleological reasoning was later rejected. Key figures discussed include Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Boyle, Priestley, Lavoisier, and Dalton. Major topics covered include the discovery of gases like oxygen and hydrogen, developments in astronomy, formulations of gravity, gas laws, and the kinetic theory of gases.
Coordinate systems
1) The document provides an overview of classical mechanics, including definitions of key concepts like space, time, mass, and force. It summarizes Newton's three laws of motion and how they relate to concepts like momentum and inertia.
2) Key principles of classical mechanics are explained, such as reference frames, Newton's laws, and conservation of momentum. Vector operations and products are also defined.
3) Examples are given to illustrate fundamental principles, like Newton's third law and how it relates to conservation of momentum in systems with multiple objects. Coordinate systems are briefly introduced.
Fundamental Of Physics (FORCE AND MOTION-I)
5-1 NEWTON’S FIRST AND SECOND LAWS
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
5.01 Identify that a force is a vector quantity and thus has
both magnitude and direction and also components.
5.02 Given two or more forces acting on the same particle,
add the forces as vectors to get the net force.
5.03 Identify Newton’s first and second laws of motion.
5.04 Identify inertial reference frames.
5.05 Sketch a free-body diagram for an object, showing the
object as a particle and drawing the forces acting on it as
vectors with their tails anchored on the particle.
5.06 Apply the relationship (Newton’s second law) between
the net force on an object, the mass of the object, and the
acceleration produced by the net force.
5.07 Identify that only external forces on an object can cause
the object to accelerate.
5-2 SOME PARTICULAR FORCES
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
5.08 Determine the magnitude and direction of the gravitational force acting on a body with a given mass, at a location
with a given free-fall acceleration.
5.09 Identify that the weight of a body is the magnitude of the
net force required to prevent the body from falling freely, as
measured from the reference frame of the ground.
5.10 Identify that a scale gives an object’s weight when the
measurement is done in an inertial frame but not in an accelerating frame, where it gives an apparent weight.
5.11 Determine the magnitude and direction of the normal
force on an object when the object is pressed or pulled
onto a surface.
5.12 Identify that the force parallel to the surface is a frictional
the force that appears when the object slides or attempts to
slide along the surface.
5.13 Identify that a tension force is said to pull at both ends of
a cord (or a cord-like object) when the cord is taut. etc...
4_Forces.doc
1) The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of a physics textbook, including Newton's laws of motion, forces, friction, and gravitational forces.
2) Newton's laws state that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, and that acceleration is produced when a net force acts on an object. The third law is that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
3) Other concepts covered include friction, the normal force, gravitational forces, and applications of Newton's laws to inclined planes and tension forces. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
Classical mechanics
Here are the reaction forces described for each example:
a. The ball exerts a force of 500 N [South] on the football player's foot.
b. The table exerts an equal and opposite force of 25 N [up] on the book.
c. The bullet exerts a force of 1,000 N [West] on the gun.
d. The earth exerts a force of 5 N [up] on the apple.
Wave Motion Theory Part1
JEE Physics/ Lakshmikanta Satapathy/ Wave Motion Theory/ Formation of a wave/ Wave function/ Condition for wave function/ Particle velocity and slope/ Sinusoidal wave function/ Illustrative example
Lecture15 forces
1) Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. Mass is a measure of an object's inertia, with more massive objects being harder to accelerate or decelerate.
2) Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This relationship can be expressed as F=ma.
3) Newton's third law states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Forces always occur in action-reaction pairs between interacting objects.
lec17.ppt
Gravitational forces were discussed, including Newton's theory of universal gravitation. Newton's law states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Three properties of gravity are also mentioned: every object with mass is attracted to every other object, gravity is a force that acts at a distance through space, and gravity varies as the inverse square of the distance. General relativity is also briefly introduced as Einstein's theory improving on Newton by accounting for gravity as the curvature of spacetime.
New model.ppt
Gravitational forces were discussed, including Newton's theory of universal gravitation. Newton's law states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Three properties of gravity are also mentioned: every object with mass is attracted to every other object, gravity is a force that acts at a distance through space, and gravity varies as the inverse square of the distance. General relativity is also briefly introduced as Einstein's theory improving on Newton by accounting for gravity as the curvature of spacetime.
L5
This document summarizes key concepts from Sir Isaac Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia. It discusses scientists like Aristotle and Galileo who influenced Newton's thinking, and defines important terms like mass, weight, force, and inertia. Newton's first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Relativity isu
1) The document discusses Einstein's theory of special relativity, which is based on two postulates about the laws of physics and the constant speed of light.
2) Some examples of relativity problems are presented, such as calculating time dilation between moving observers.
3) The implications of Einstein's work are discussed, including its role in enabling technologies like GPS and nuclear power. String theory is also mentioned as an attempt to unify gravity with other fundamental forces.
assignment 1 page 1+2.pdf
This document provides a summary of the key developments in the history of quantum mechanics:
- Max Planck proposed quantizing light energy in 1900 to explain blackbody radiation.
- Albert Einstein showed that light behaves as both waves and particles in 1905.
- Niels Bohr applied quantization to explain hydrogen atom spectra in 1913.
- Louis de Broglie proposed that all particles exhibit wave-particle duality in 1924.
- Werner Heisenberg formulated matrix mechanics in 1925.
- Erwin Schrodinger developed wave mechanics and the Schrodinger equation in 1926.
- Max Born correctly interpreted the Schrodinger wavefunction as a probability amplitude in 1926.
Classical theory of singularities
The singularities from the general relativity resulting by solving Einstein's equations were and still are the subject of many scientific debates: Are there singularities in spacetime, or not? Big Bang was an initial singularity? If singularities exist, what is their ontology? Is the general theory of relativity a theory that has shown its limits in this case?
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22006.45124/1
DOC-20221125-WA0007..pptx
1) Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, which describes the laws of physics for both non-accelerating and accelerating frames of reference.
2) The theory of special relativity, published in 1905, describes motion at constant velocity while general relativity, published in 1915, describes accelerated frames and gravity.
3) One of the most famous equations in physics, E=mc2, comes from the theory of relativity and shows that mass and energy are equivalent and interconvertible.
Introduction to quantum mechanics and schrodinger equation
Classical mechanics describes macroscopic objects while quantum mechanics describes microscopic objects due to limitations of classical theory. Quantum mechanics was introduced after classical mechanics failed to explain experimental observations involving microscopic particles. Some key aspects of quantum mechanics are the photoelectric effect, blackbody radiation, Compton effect, wave-particle duality, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and Schrodinger's wave equation. Schrodinger's equation describes the wave function and probability of finding a particle.
Relativity theory project
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) developed the theories of special and general relativity. Special relativity, published in 1905, established that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference and that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant. General relativity, published in 1915, introduced gravitation as a result of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass and energy. One of Einstein's most famous equations is E=mc2, which shows that mass and energy are equivalent and interconvertible.
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Chapter 2 lecture slideshow
- 2. Aristotle (384 -322 BC)
- 10. Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727)
- 22. From (v, θ ) to (v x, v y )
- 23. From (v x, v y ) to (v, θ