INV3703 (Derivatives) - Discussion class slides (2012)Coert87
The slides form part of a discussion class presented to Unisa INV3703 students during September 2012. The prescribed textbook for this module is 'Analysis of Derivatives for the CFA program' by D Chance (2003)
INV3703 (Derivatives) - Discussion class slides (2012)Coert87
The slides form part of a discussion class presented to Unisa INV3703 students during September 2012. The prescribed textbook for this module is 'Analysis of Derivatives for the CFA program' by D Chance (2003)
It covers interest rate swaps, currency swaps & equity swaps along with their payouts.
It covers exchange of fixed rate instruments with floating rate instruments.
It will be helpful for students, exporters, importers & researchers.
Swaps explained. Very useful for CFA and FRM level 1 preparation candidates. For a more detailed understanding, you can watch the webinar video on this topic. The link for the webinar video on this topic is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKBKnxM2Nj4
It covers interest rate swaps, currency swaps & equity swaps along with their payouts.
It covers exchange of fixed rate instruments with floating rate instruments.
It will be helpful for students, exporters, importers & researchers.
Swaps explained. Very useful for CFA and FRM level 1 preparation candidates. For a more detailed understanding, you can watch the webinar video on this topic. The link for the webinar video on this topic is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKBKnxM2Nj4
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. College of Economic and
Management Sciences
Department of Finance, Risk Management
& Banking
By CF Erasmus,
adapted from Chance (2003), Botha (2010) & Marozva (2012)
4. Definition
A forward contract is an
agreement between two parties in
which one party, the buyer, agrees to
buy from the other party, the seller,
an underlying asset at a future date at
a price established today. The contract
is customised and each party is
subject to the possibility that the
other party will default.
6. Forwards Futures
Over the counter Futures exchange
Private Public
Customized Standardized
Default risk Default free
Not marked to market Marked to market
Held until expiration Offset possible
Not liquid Liquid
Unregulated Regulated
7. Differentiate between the positions held by the
long and short parties to a forward contract
LF LA
Long party SA Short party SF
• Party that agrees to buy the asset has a long forward
position
• Party that agrees to sell the asset has a short forward
position
8. Pricing and valuation of forward contracts
Are pricing and valuation not the same thing?
• The price is agreed on the initiation
date (Forward price or forward rate)
i.e. pricing means to determining the
forward price or forward rate.
• Valuation, however, means to
determine the amount of money that
one would need to pay or would
expect to receive to engage in the
transaction
9. Pricing and valuation of forward contracts cont…
F(0,T)- The forward contract price initiated at
time 0 and expiring at time T
Vo(0,T) – the value of a forward contract
initiated at time 0 and expiring at time T
Vt(0,T) – the value of a forward contract
at the point in time during the life of a
contract such as t
Today
(0)
Time
between
Today and
Expiration
(t)
Expiration
(T)
VT(0,T)- Value at expiration
10. F(0,T) =S0(1+r)^T
The transaction is risk-free and should
equivalent to investing S0 Rands in
risk free asset
Pricing and valuation of forward contracts cont…
Buy asset at
So
Sell forward
contract at
F(0,T)
Outlay: S0
Hold asset
and lose
interest on
out lay
Deliver
asset
Receive
F(0,T)
11. Vo(0,T) = S0 –F(0,T)/(1+r)^T
For forward contract Vo(0,T) should
be ZERO (0)
If Vo(0,T) ≠ 0 arbitrage would the
prevail
Pricing and valuation of forward contracts cont…
The forward price that eliminates arbitrage:
F(0,T) =S0(1+r)^T
12. By definition an asset’s
value is the present value
of future value thus,
Vt(0,T) = St –F(0,T)/(1+r)^(T-t)
Pricing and valuation of forward contracts cont…
(T-t) is the remaining time
to maturity
13. F(0,T) =(S0-PV(D,0,T))*(1+r)^T
When dividends are paid continuously
F(0,T) =So℮^(-∂c*t) . ℮^(rc*t)
To convert discrete risk-free interest(r)
to continuosly compounded
equivalent(rc):
rc = Ln(1+r)
Pricing and valuation of forward contracts cont…
PV (D,0,T) =∑(Di/(1+r)^(T-ti)
14. Pricing and valuation of forward contracts cont…
A portfolio manager expects to purchase a portfolio
of stocks in 60 days. In order to hedge against a
potential price increase over the next 60 days, she
decides to take a long position on a 60-day forward
contract on the S&P 500 stock index. The index is
currently at 1150. The continuously compounded
dividend yield is 1.85 percent. The discrete risk-free
rate is 4.35 percent.
Calculate the no-arbitrage forward price on this
contract, the value of the forward contract 28 days
into the contract (index value 1225), and the value
of the contract at expiration (index value 1235).
15. 0.0185 60 365 LN 1.0435 60 365
F 0,T 1,150e e $1,154.56
Decrease the spot index value by the
dividend yield and thereafter calculate the
future value (first convert the discrete rate
to a continuously compounded rate).
16. The value of a contract is the difference between the discounted
current spot price (at the dividend yield) and the discounted
forward price (at the converted risk-free rate) for the remaining
period.
0.0185 32 365 LN 1.0435 32 365
tV 0,T 1,225e 1,154.56e
1,223.00 1,150.26
$72.76
17. At expiration, the value is simply the
difference between the end-period spot
index and the forward contract price, as
calculated.
TV 0,T 1,235 1,154.56 $80.44
18. Identify the characteristics of
forward rate agreements
• Forward contract to borrow/lend money at a
certain rate at some future date
Long position
Borrows money (pays interest)
Benefit when forward rate < market rate
Short position
– Lends money (receives interest)
– Benefit when forward rate > market rate
Fixed-Income and interest rate forward
contracts
19. Calculate and interpret the payment at
expiration of a FRA and identify each of
the component terms
20. • ESKOM P/L is expecting to receive a cash inflow of
R20, 000,000.00 in 90 days. Short term interest
rates are expected to fall during the next 90 days. In
order to hedge against this risk, the company decides
to use an FRA that expires in 90 days and is based
on 90day LIBOR. The FRA is quoted at 6%. At
expiration LIBOR is 5%. Indicate whether the
company should take a long or short position to
hedge interest rate risk. Using the appropriate
terminology, identify the type of FRA used here.
Calculate the gain or loss to ESKOM P/L as a
consequence of entering the FRA.