The document discusses the key elements and principles of communication. It outlines five elements of communication: the sender, message, channel, receiver, and effect. It then describes four key principles: that communication is inescapable, irreversible, complicated, and contextual. Finally, it differentiates between morals and ethics, and outlines several ethics of communication, such as ensuring mutual understanding, individual dignity, and accountability.

1. Chapter 1 Communication
Processes , Principles, and Ethics
Elements of Communication
Key Principles of Communication
Difference Between Morals and Ethics
Ethics in Communication

2. Elements of Communication
Five Elements of Communication
1)Sender
2)Message
3)Channel
4)Receiver
5)Effect

3. Sender
Person who sends a message in different ways
such as; spoken words, written message, or
body language. The sender plays the specific
role of initiating communication. To communicate
effectively, the sender must use effective verbal
as well as nonverbal techniques. Speaking or
writing clearly, organizing your points to make
them easy to follow and understand, maintaining
eye contact, using proper grammar and giving
accurate information are all essential in the
effectiveness of your message.

4. Message
A message can come in many different forms,
such as an oral presentation, a written
document, an advertisement or just a
comment. In the basic communication model,
the way from one point to another represents
the sender's message traveling to the receiver.
The message isn't necessarily what the sender
intends it to be. Rather, the message is what
the receiver perceives the message to be. As a
result, the sender must not only compose the
message carefully, but also evaluate the ways
in which the message can be interpreted.

5. Channel
The message travels from one point to
another via a channel of communication.
The channel sits between the sender and
receiver. Many channels, or types, of
communication exist, from the spoken word
to radio, television, an Internet site or
something written, like a book, letter or
magazine. Every channel of communication
has its advantages and disadvantages.

6. Receiver
The receiver means the party to whom the sender
transmits the message. A receiver can be one person
or an entire audience of people. In the basic
communication model, the receiver, is directly across
from the speaker. The receiver can also
communicate verbally and nonverbally. The best way
to receive a message is to listen carefully, sitting up
straight and making eye contact. Don’t get distracted
or try to do something else while you're listening.
Nodding and smiling as you listen to the sender
speak demonstrate that you understand the
message.

7. Effect/Feedback
The last element of effective communication,
feedback, describes the receiver's response or
reaction to the sender's message. The receiver
can transmit feedback through asking questions,
making comments or just supporting the message
that was delivered. Feedback helps the sender to
determine how the receiver interpreted the
message and how it can be improved.

8. Key Principles of Communication
1)Interpersonal Communication is inescapable.
2)Interpersonal Communication is irreversible.
3)Interpersonal Communication is complicated.
4)Interpersonal Communication is contextual.

9. Interpersonal Communication is inescapable.
It is not possible for humans like you and me
not to communicate. Even the very attempt of
not wanting to communicates something. Your
poker face as you listen to somebody also
means a lot. You communicate through both
words and behavior, and as long as you are
alive, you can still behave; hence, you
communicate.

10. Interpersonal Communication is irreversible.
How often have you said words in anger and
wished you could all take them back? Once
you have uttered something, you can never
take it back, and its effect remains. Anyone
who says that apologies can heal the hurt
caused by offensive remarks is lying.

11. Interpersonal Communication is complicated.
Whenever you communicate with anyone, you
simultaneously interpret both his verbal and
nonverbal language, and that is often both
confounding and demanding. For one thing,
worlds (verbal) alone complicate things: A word
does not have just one meaning, it is usually not
used in the same way, and no two people use
the same word exactly alike.

12. Interpersonal Communication is contextual
In other words, communication is affected by
several factors; it does not happen in isolation.
There are many things that need to be considered,
such as the ones given below (King, 2000).
a)Psychological context, which is who
you are, and what you as sender or
receiver bring to the interaction—your
needs, desires, values, beliefs,
personality, and so on..

13. Interpersonal Communication is contextual
b) Relational Context, which concerns your
reactions to the other person based on
relationships—as boss, colleague, friend,
sibling, parent, and the like.
c) Situational Context, which the psycho-
social “where” you are communicating .
An interaction that takes place in a
classroom, is quite formal, will be very
different from one that takes place in a
bar.

14. Interpersonal Communication is contextual
b)Environmental context, which has to do with
the physical “where” you are communicating—
objects in the room and their arrangement,
location, noise level, temperature, season,
time of day.
c)Cultural context, which includes all the learned
behaviors and rules the affect the interaction.
For instance, bodily movement, facial
expression, gesture, distance, and eye contact
very in different cultures.

15. Difference Between Morals and Ethics
Morals are our own set of
rules, so others are neither
expected nor required to follow
them.
Ethics, on the other hand , are
rules accepted and approved
by society, so they are
imposed upon everyone.

16. Ethics in Communication
1. Mutuality. Pay attention to the needs of others, as well as your.
2. Individual dignity. Do not cause another person embarrassment or a
loss of dignity.
3. Accuracy. Ensure that others have accurate information. Tell them
everything they have a right and need to know, not just what is true.
4. Access to information. Never bolster the impact of your communication
by preventing people from communicating with one another.
5. Accountability. Be responsible and accountable fro the consequences of
your relationships and communication.
6. Audience. As audience or receiver of the information, you also have
ethical responsibilities.

17. Ethics in Communication
7. Relative truth. As either sender or receiver of information, remember
that your own point of view may not be shared by others and that
your conclusions are relative to your perspective.
8. End vs. means. Be sure that end goal of you communication and the
means of setting to the end are both ethical although no rule can be
applied without reservation to any situation.
9. Use of power. In situations where you have more power than
other(e.g., a teacher with a student and a boss with a subordinate
etc.).
10.Rights vs. responsibility. Balance your rights against your
responsibilities even if you live in a wonderful society where your
rights are protected by law.