The document discusses the diversity of colonial societies in North and South America between 1530-1770. It describes how European colonization introduced diseases that devastated indigenous populations. Europeans also brought food crops, livestock, and institutions from the Old World. In Spanish and Portuguese colonies, the Catholic Church worked to convert indigenous groups while exploiting their labor. Economies were based on mining and plantations using encomienda, mita, and slave labor systems. British colonies developed economies around tobacco, rice, fur trading, fishing and mixed farming. Colonies were diverse with influences from different European groups and interactions with indigenous populations.

1. The Diversity Of
American Colonial
Societies 1530-1770
By Teonna Butler
pd. 7

2. The Columbian Exchange
❏ A. Demographic Changes
- New World people lacked immunity
to diseases from Old World
-Small pox, measles, diphtheria,
typhus, influenza, malaria, yellow
fever, pulmonary pleague
- Diseases caused native people
decline in Spanish & Portuguese

3. The Columbian Exchange
❏ B. Transfer of Plants & Animals
- European, Asian, and African food
crops were introduced to Americas
- Introduction of European livestock
influenced environments and cultures
of the Americas
- Old World livestock destroyed
Amerindian farmer crops

5. Spanish America & Brazil
❏ A. State and Church
- Spanish crown tried to exert control over
Amerindian colonies
- Years of neglect and mismanagement
Portuguese appointed viceroy to Brazil
- Governmental institutions established
developed bureaucracies that thwarted
economic initiative and political
experimentation

6. Spanish America & Brazil
- Catholic Church transferred European
language, culture, and christian beliefs
to New World
- Catholic clergy converted Amerindians
some secretly kept native beliefs and
practices
- Catholic clergy protected Amerindians
from exploitation and abuse

7. Spanish America & Brazil
- Bartolome De Las Casas denounced
policies toward Amerindians
-Catholic Missionaries frustrated as
Amerindian converts blended Christian
beliefs
-The Church founded universities and
secondary schools

8. Spanish America & Brazil
❏ B. Colonial economies
- Latin America economies
dominated by silver mines and sugar
plantations
- Spanish economy dominated by
Alto Peru (Bolivia) & Peru silver
mines
-Silver Mining required forced labor
led to deforestation and poisoning

9. Spanish America & Brazil
- Agricultural economy dominated
Spanish America
-Spanish settlers used forcedlabor system of Encomienda
- The Mita system forced labor

10. Spanish America & Brazil
- Portuguese developed African slave- labor
sugar plantation system
-Brazilian plantation used Amerindian slaves
-Silver and sugar integrated American colonial
economies to World trade

11. World trade routes

12. Spanish America & Brazil
❏ C. Society in Colonial Latin
America
- The elite had small number of
immigrants large numbers of
descendants (creoles)
- Under colonial rule cultural
diversity differentiation eroded
- African descent played roles in
Spanish history

13. Spanish America & Brazil
- Slaves & free blacks participated in
conquest and settlement
- Direct slave trade increased the
number of blacks declined legal
status
- Africa retained different cultural
identities traditions blended
European & Amerindian languages

14. Spanish America & Brazil
- Slaves engaged agricultural labor
forced to submit discipline &
punishments
- Portuguese immigrants controlled
politics & economy Africans largest
ethnic group
- Growing population of individuals
were known as castas ( Mestizos &
Mulattos)

15. English & French Colonies in North
America
❏ A. Early English Experiments
-Attempts to establish colonies in Americas
ended in failure
- In 17th century hope colonies proved
profitable investments successfully colonized
Ireland
- Led to new wave of interest in establishing
colonies in the New World

17. English & French Colonies in North
America
❏ B. The South
- The Virginia company
established Jamestown on
James River 1606
- English Crown took our
management in 1624
- Virginia developed tobacco
plantation economy with
dispersed population

18. English & French Colonies in North
America
- Plantations in Chesapeake Bay area relied on
servants for labor
- Planters prefer to invest in slaves: Slaves
population increased in 1660
-Virginia administered governor by
representatives in House of Burgesse

19. English & French Colonies in North
America
- House of Burgesses developed
democratic representation same
time as slavery increase
- Colonists prospered fur trade
with deer hunter
-Consequences included
environmental damage brought by
over hunting

20. English & French Colonies in North
America
- dependency on goods caused fighting over
hunting grounds
- unsuccessful Amerindian attacks on English
colonists in early 1700’s
- Southern part of Carolinas - settled by
planters

21. English & French Colonies in North
America
- Developed by slave labor
plantation economy, rice, and
indigo
- Enslaved Africans & their
descendants formed majority
population
- Colonial South Carolina most
hierarchical society in North
America

22. English & French Colonies in North
America
❏ C. New England
- Pilgrims wanted to break from
Church of England established
Plymouth colony
- Puritans wanted to reform joint stock
company (Massachusetts Bay Colony)
- Massachusetts Bay Colony : normal
gender balance increased population,
homogeneous, hierarchical

24. English & French Colonies in North
America
- Political institutions derived of charter: elected
governor lower legislative house
- Massachusetts economy: dependence on fur,
forest products, fish, commerce shipping.
- Merchants engaged diversified trade made
Boston largest city in America

25. English & French Colonies in North
America
❏ D. Middle Atlantic Region
- Manhattan colonized by
Dutch, taken by english,
named New York
- Became commercial and
shipping center
- Derived benefit as outlet for
grain exports to Caribbean
and Europe.

26. English & French Colonies in North
America
- Pennsylvania developed colony
for Quakers
- Developed grain - exporting
colony with Philadelphia
- Pennsylvania;s grain produced by
free family farmers. Substantial
number of Germans

27. English & French Colonies in North
America
❏ E. French America
- Expansion driven by fur trade resulted in
depletion of beaver and deer populations
-French settlement resembled Spain &
Portugal and were committed to missionary
work
- Fur trade provided Amerindians firearms
which increased violence

28. French expansion

29. English & French Colonies in North
America
- Catholic missionaries attempted to
convert population of French America
- Meeting indigenous resistance turned
their attention to work with french
settlements
- Settlements dependent on fur trade it
was small and grew slowly

30. English & French Colonies in North
America
- Patterns of settlements allowed
Amerindians to preserve degree of
independence
- French expanded west & south
establishing second fur trading
colony
-Expansion led to war with England
(defeated) and forced yield on
Canada to English and cede

31. Colonial Expansion and Conflict
❏ A. Imperial reform in Spanish and Brazil
- Spain's new Bourbon dynasty undertook
administrative reforms
- Threatened by Jesuits influences
monarchs were expelled from American
colonies
- Bourbon policies were detrimental to
interests of grazing and agricultural export
economies

32. Spain’s Bourbon Dynasty &
American colonies

33. Colonial Expansion and Conflict
- New monopolies aroused opposition from
creole elites whose only gain from reforms
were militia leaders
- Bourbon policy's factor in Amerindian
uprisings included uprisings led by Jose Gabriel
Condorcanqui
- Rebellion suppressed after two years and cost
Spanish colonies over 100,00 lives and

34. Colonial Expansion and Conflict
- Brazil underwent economic expansion and
administrative reform in 1700s
- Economic expansion fueled by fold,
diamonds, coffee, and cotton
- The Pombal reforms paid for importation of
nearly 2 million African slaves and underwrote
British imports.

35. Colonial Expansion and Conflict
❏ B. Reform and Reorganization in British
America
- British Crown tried to control smuggling and
manufacture by passing Navigation Acts.
- Colonists resisted by overthrowing governors
of New York and Massachusetts by removing
Catholic proprietor of Maryland
- Economic growth and new immigration in
British colonies was accompanied by increased

36. British Crown, Navigation Acts, &
British colonies

37. CONCLUSION
❏ A. Political & Economic Comparisons
- Amerindians in Spain, Portugal, france, and
England experienced European Subjugation
-Catholic powers gained the most wealth
and developed centralized control
- British colonial governments were likely to
develop colonial governments

38. Amerindians in Spain Portugal and
France

39. CONCLUSION
❏ B. Environment & Cultural Comparisons
- Environments underwent change from
introduction of European technology animals,
and plants. Lost natural resources to European
markets
- Catholic nations forced cultural uniformity more
religiously and ethnically
- British colonies welcomed Larger influx
European migrants than other new World

40. Catholic Nations, Plants, & Animals
(European)