The document discusses short-term scheduling in various contexts such as airlines and manufacturing. It provides examples of how factors like weather can disrupt airline schedules and how investment in technology can help recovery. Forward and backward scheduling are introduced as two common approaches, with forward scheduling beginning as requirements are known and backward scheduling beginning with final due dates. The goals of short-term scheduling are outlined as minimizing completion time and work-in-process inventory while maximizing utilization and minimizing customer wait times. Key factors that affect scheduling are identified as volume, operations nature, and job complexity.

1. Short- Term Scheduling
(Theory, Issues, and Processes)
Done by:
•Paula Caballero
•Alvaro Terry

2. 1. The Importance of Short-Time
Scheduling
``Scheduling concerns the allocation of limited resources to
tasks overtime.'' (Pinedo 1995)
Example:
 Airlines (eg: Delta Airline) try to expect the unexpected  Weather
 Bad weather caused 10% of flights cancelations  Looses of 440
M$
 Solution An investment of 33M$ in High-Tech Nerve Center
 “Its function is to reallocate the passengers as soon as possible to
maintain their level of satisfaction”

3. 1. The Importance of Short-Time
Scheduling
Example video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOw-Fyk5X_c

4. 1. The Importance of Short-Time
Scheduling
 Delta ( Schedules/daily)  753 aircrafts + 10,000 pilots and flight
attendants
 Good Scheduling = Customer Satisfaction
 Objective: Allocate and prioritize demand, matching daily or hourly
requirements to specific personnel and equipment
A Good scheduling approach shoulg be simple, clear, easily understood,
easy to carry out, flexible and realistic
 Strategic Importance:
 Effective Scheduling ( fast movement of G/S, decrease of costs)
 Added Capacity , Faster Performance and Flexibility (faster delivery)
Good Scheduling (realistic commitments and dependable delivery)

5.  Schedule Decissions:
1. The Importance of Short-Time
Scheduling

6. 2. Other examples

7. 3. Forward and backward
scheduling
Forward: begins the schedule as soon as possible as the
requirements are known (…). Customized products that are
needed as soon as possible.
Backward: Begins with the due date of the final operation. The
resources neccesary to accomplish the schedule may not
exist
Examples: Hospitals, Clinics, Machine
tool manufacturing, Restaurants
Examples: Banquet, catering, scheduling
surgery, service environment

8. 4. Scheduling Issues
 Most common case is to find an organization with a mix of
both applied.
 Even having the date scheduled; the elaboration process
could fail because of………………., so it does not ensure that
the G/S will be ready.
Could you think about any factor
that complicates scheduling?
Weather, Absenteeism, Machine breakdown
Workers falling asleep, Shortage

9. 5. Goals of Short-term
scheduling
 Minimize completion time (average of production time
 Maximize utilization (percentage of time the facility is
used)
 Minimize Work-in-Process (WIP) to reduce inventories
( average number of jobs in the system)
 Minimize customer waiting time (average of late days)
 All these goals depend on the volume of the orders,
nature of the operations, and the complexity of the jobs.

10. 6. Scheduling Process-
Focused Facilities
This system should…
1. Schedule incoming orders without exceeding capacity
2. Check availability of tools and materials before releasing
an order (raw materials)
3. Establish due dates for each job and check progress
4. Provide feedback
5. Provide work efficiency to increase employees motivation
Process focus facilities are compound of high variety
and low volume systems (manufacturing and service
organizations) in which products are made to order

11. Revising…

12. Question 1
1. Could you tell me 2 factors that could lead to the
disruption of airlines schedules
Weather
Absenteeism
Machine breakdown
Workers falling asleep
Shortage

13. Question 2
Could you give me 2 examples of forward scheduling?
Hospital
Clinic
Machine tool manufacturing
Restaurant

14. Question 3
3. Which is a characteristic of good scheduling?
a) Clear
b) Simple
c) Flexible
d) All of the above
Correct answer:
d) All of the above

15. Question 4
4. Which of these factors do not contribute to the
strategic importance of scheduling?
a) Added capacity
b) Independent delivery
c) Effective scheduling
Correct answer:
b) Independent delivery

16. Question 5
5. Which of these statements is False concerning the strategic
importance of sheduling?
a) Added capacity and the related flexibility mean faster
delivery and better customer service
b) Added capacity and the related simplicity mean faster
delivery and better customer service
c) Effective scheduling means faster movement of goods and
services through a facility
d) Effective scheduling means greater use of assets and hence
greater capacity per dollar invested
Correct answer:
b) Simplicity

17. Question 6
6. Short-term schedules translate capacity decisions, aggregate
planning, and master schedules into job sequences and
specific assignments of personnel, materials and machinery.
a) True
b) Flase
Correct answer:
a) True

18. Question 7
7. Scheduling goods and services in the short run involve
matching daily or hourly requirements to specific personnel and
equipment
a) True
b) Flase
Correct answer:
a) True

19. Question 8
8. Which 2 types of scheduling have we seen in this
chapter?
a) Forward and backward scheduling

20. Question 9
8. Manufacturing firms do not have to deal with the problem of
short-term scheduling
a) True
b) Flase
Correct answer:
a) False

21. Question 10
10. Can you tell me at least one goal of short-term
scheduling?
Minimize completion time
Maximize utilization
Minimize work-in progress inventory
Minimize customer waiting time

22. Question 11
3. If something happens on the day of operations you are able
to recover from that disruption without throwing your schedule
away and thus spending more money to trying to cover the
flight. This statement is talking about?
a) Schedule simplicity
b) Schedule robustness
c) Schedule capacity
Correct answer:
b) Schedule robustness

23. Question 12
12. Mining does not have to deal with the problem of short-term
scheduling:
a) True
b) False
Correct answer: b) False

24. Question 13
13. Choose the wrong answer: Specialized techniques have
been developed to aid in preparing reliable schedules…
a) As assignment of a date does not ensure that the work will
be performed according to the schedule
b) In order to be 100% sure that the schedule will be perfectly
executed
c) Because schedules are an essential factor that contributes to
the efficiency of the company
Correct answer:
b)

25. Question 14
14. Which statement is False?
a) Focused facilities are compound of low variety and low
volume systems (manufacturing and service organizations)
in which products are made to order
b) Focused facilities are compound of high variety and high
volume systems (manufacturing and service organizations) in
which products are made to order
c) Focused facilities are compound of high variety and low
volume systems (manufacturing and service organizations) in
which products are made to order
Correct answer: c)

26. Thank you for your attention!