Water plays a key role in the human body by maintaining homeostasis and allowing vital functions to occur. It is essential for regulating body temperature, lubricating joints, and acting as a solvent. Water balance is maintained through fluid intake and losses via urine, sweat, breath, and feces. Both inadequate water intake and excessive losses can disrupt homeostasis and cause health issues. Major and trace minerals are also important for fluid balance, bone health, and other bodily processes.
The document discusses proteins and amino acids. It covers the basics of what proteins are made from, the unique properties of different amino acids, how proteins are digested and absorbed. It also discusses the many important roles and functions of proteins in the body, including as enzymes, hormones, structural components, transporters, and more. Recommended daily intakes of protein are discussed as well as potential health effects of deficiencies and excesses.
Trace minerals are needed in small amounts and perform many essential functions, but toxic levels can easily be reached with supplements. Humans can meet their trace mineral needs through a variety of whole, unprocessed foods. Two important trace minerals are iron and zinc. Iron deficiency is very common and affects people of all ages, especially women and children. While zinc deficiency is less widespread, it can occur in vulnerable groups. Both minerals are involved in many metabolic processes and maintaining proper levels is important for health.
The document discusses carbohydrates, including their chemical structure and classification. It covers the simple carbohydrates of monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose, and disaccharides like maltose, sucrose, and lactose. Complex carbohydrates of glycogen, starches, and dietary fibers are also examined. The digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is summarized along with glucose regulation in the body and related conditions like diabetes. Health effects and recommendations for intakes of sugars, starches, and fibers are presented.
This chapter discusses nutrition for adults and older adults. It covers how good nutrition and physical activity can promote health and longevity. Key factors for healthy aging include getting adequate sleep, eating a balanced diet including breakfast, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. The chapter also examines common health issues in older adults like arthritis and vision problems and how nutrition can help address these conditions. It provides information on meeting nutrient needs and discusses programs to address hunger and food insecurity.
This presentation focuses on calcium intake and calcium deficiencies. Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth and maintaining bone density. It is also important for nerve and muscle function. The recommended daily intake varies depending on age and physiological state. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish, and fortified foods. Calcium balance is regulated by hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Deficiencies can increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.
This chapter discusses the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides information on their roles in the body, deficiency symptoms, toxicity, recommendations and major food sources. Vitamin A supports vision, cell growth and reproduction. Vitamin D aids in bone growth and calcium absorption. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. Deficiencies can cause night blindness, rickets, hemorrhaging or other symptoms. Toxicity from high supplement doses may also occur.
Water constitutes about 60% of an adult's body weight and is essential for many bodily functions like regulating temperature and transporting nutrients. The body loses water through urine, sweat, and breathing and needs to replenish it daily. Most health organizations recommend drinking around 8-12 cups of total water per day from water, other beverages, and food. Not consuming enough water can lead to dehydration, while consuming too much can cause water intoxication.
The document discusses proteins and amino acids. It covers the basics of what proteins are made from, the unique properties of different amino acids, how proteins are digested and absorbed. It also discusses the many important roles and functions of proteins in the body, including as enzymes, hormones, structural components, transporters, and more. Recommended daily intakes of protein are discussed as well as potential health effects of deficiencies and excesses.
Trace minerals are needed in small amounts and perform many essential functions, but toxic levels can easily be reached with supplements. Humans can meet their trace mineral needs through a variety of whole, unprocessed foods. Two important trace minerals are iron and zinc. Iron deficiency is very common and affects people of all ages, especially women and children. While zinc deficiency is less widespread, it can occur in vulnerable groups. Both minerals are involved in many metabolic processes and maintaining proper levels is important for health.
The document discusses carbohydrates, including their chemical structure and classification. It covers the simple carbohydrates of monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose, and disaccharides like maltose, sucrose, and lactose. Complex carbohydrates of glycogen, starches, and dietary fibers are also examined. The digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is summarized along with glucose regulation in the body and related conditions like diabetes. Health effects and recommendations for intakes of sugars, starches, and fibers are presented.
This chapter discusses nutrition for adults and older adults. It covers how good nutrition and physical activity can promote health and longevity. Key factors for healthy aging include getting adequate sleep, eating a balanced diet including breakfast, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. The chapter also examines common health issues in older adults like arthritis and vision problems and how nutrition can help address these conditions. It provides information on meeting nutrient needs and discusses programs to address hunger and food insecurity.
This presentation focuses on calcium intake and calcium deficiencies. Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth and maintaining bone density. It is also important for nerve and muscle function. The recommended daily intake varies depending on age and physiological state. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish, and fortified foods. Calcium balance is regulated by hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Deficiencies can increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.
This chapter discusses the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides information on their roles in the body, deficiency symptoms, toxicity, recommendations and major food sources. Vitamin A supports vision, cell growth and reproduction. Vitamin D aids in bone growth and calcium absorption. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. Deficiencies can cause night blindness, rickets, hemorrhaging or other symptoms. Toxicity from high supplement doses may also occur.
Water constitutes about 60% of an adult's body weight and is essential for many bodily functions like regulating temperature and transporting nutrients. The body loses water through urine, sweat, and breathing and needs to replenish it daily. Most health organizations recommend drinking around 8-12 cups of total water per day from water, other beverages, and food. Not consuming enough water can lead to dehydration, while consuming too much can cause water intoxication.
1. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions like a hormone in the body.
2. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, while the biologically active form calcitriol is produced in the kidney.
3. Calcitriol regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood by increasing their absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in the kidney while also increasing calcium mobilization from bone. This helps maintain appropriate calcium homeostasis.
The document provides an overview of the water-soluble vitamins, specifically the B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12) and vitamin C. It discusses the roles, deficiencies, toxicities, food sources, and recommendations for each vitamin. Key points covered include how the B vitamins function as coenzymes in energy metabolism and cell growth/division, their involvement in important bodily processes, and the diseases that can result from deficiencies.
Minerals are inorganic elements needed by the body for functions like building tissues, regulating fluids, and assisting in bodily processes. Major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are required in amounts greater than 100mg daily, while trace minerals such as iron, iodine, and zinc are needed in lesser amounts. The document provides details on common food sources, functions, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms for each major and trace mineral.
This document discusses the role of calcium and vitamin D in reducing fracture risk. It notes that osteoporotic fractures are increasing with aging and are associated with morbidity, disability, and mortality. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake helps maximize bone mineral density and prevents falls. The document reviews clinical trials on calcium and vitamin D supplementation for fracture prevention and concludes that daily supplementation of 800 IU of vitamin D and 1000 mg of calcium can effectively reduce fracture risk, especially in institutionalized elderly individuals. Compliance with long-term supplementation is important to maintain benefits.
This document provides information about minerals found in the human body. It discusses major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium which are required in amounts greater than 100mg per day. It also discusses trace minerals like iron, iodine, and magnesium which are required in smaller amounts less than 20mg per day. For each mineral, the document outlines its sources, absorption, functions, requirements, deficiency disorders, and treatment where relevant. The document provides an overview of the essential roles various minerals play in bone formation, soft tissue maintenance, enzyme and hormone production, and other physiological processes in the human body.
Minerals are inorganic elements essential for human nutrition. Fourteen minerals are required for proper body function and play key roles in health. They include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and others. Minerals help with chemical reactions in cells, muscle contraction, nerve transmission and more. They are divided into major minerals needed in larger amounts daily and trace minerals needed in smaller amounts. Maintaining proper mineral balance is important for overall health and prevention of deficiencies or toxicities.
This document discusses several essential trace minerals, including iron, zinc, and selenium. It provides information on their functions, dietary sources, deficiencies, and recommended intake levels. Specifically, it notes that trace minerals play important roles as enzyme cofactors and in various metabolic processes. Good dietary sources include meat, seafood, grains, fruits and vegetables. Deficiencies can result in conditions like anemia and impaired growth. Supplementation may be necessary in some cases to prevent deficiencies.
Calcium is essential for many bodily functions and is mainly stored in bones. Calcium levels are tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin. Hypocalcemia can result from hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or kidney disease and causes neuromuscular symptoms. Hypercalcemia generally comes from excessive bone resorption due to cancers or hyperparathyroidism and can lead to gastrointestinal, renal, and neurological issues.
This document summarizes disorders of mineral digestion and metabolism. It discusses the supply, absorption, and functions of important minerals like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, sulfur, and magnesium. It also outlines key disorders that can occur when there are deficiencies or excesses of these minerals, such as rickets, osteomalacia, milk fever, and hypomagnesaemic tetany. The document provides an overview of mineral metabolism and the impacts of imbalances.
The document summarizes key information about calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It discusses their daily requirements, distribution in the body, dietary sources, functions, factors controlling absorption such as vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin. It also outlines hormonal control of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and clinical importance of hypo- and hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The objectives are to understand the role of calcium and phosphorus in the body and factors influencing their metabolism.
This presentation discusses the calcium and vitamin D supplement Caldolin. It contains calcium carbonate which maintains calcium homeostasis and helps form bone mass. It also contains vitamin D3 which ensures calcium absorption, decreases bone resorption, and promotes bone mineralization. Caldolin is recommended as a dietary supplement for those with inadequate calcium intake, including during pregnancy, lactation, menopause, and for the aged. It can also treat calcium deficiency states like osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and rickets. The presentation provides dosage instructions and notes possible side effects like constipation or diarrhea. It concludes with market information on leading calcium supplements in Bangladesh.
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism plays an important role in bone growth and remodeling. Calcium homeostasis is regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin to maintain appropriate calcium levels in the blood and bones. During growth, bone is remodeled through the balanced processes of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, which is important for shaping bones and allowing the skeleton to grow in size and strength. The proper metabolism of calcium and phosphorus is essential for orthodontic tooth movement, as it involves applying forces to teeth to stimulate bone remodeling in the alveolar bone.
This document discusses macro minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfur. It provides information on the recommended daily intake of each mineral, their functions in the body, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, food sources, and how food processing can impact mineral stability and content. The key points are:
- Macro minerals make up about 4% of body weight and include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur.
- Each mineral has an important role like building bones/teeth, fluid balance, nerve/muscle function.
- Recommended daily intakes are provided for adults and pregnant/lactating women to prevent deficiencies.
- Processing can
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Calcium and phosphate metabolism is tightly regulated in the body. Calcium is mainly stored in bones while phosphate is found intracellularly and extracellularly. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin control calcium and phosphate levels by impacting absorption in the gut and kidneys. An imbalance can result in hypercalcemia with symptoms like nausea and fatigue, or hypocalcemia which can cause tetany.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and is essential for bone and teeth formation, muscle and nerve function, and cellular processes. It is commonly found in dairy products, leafy greens, fish, and calcium-fortified foods. The body tightly regulates calcium levels through hormones like PTH and vitamin D to support absorption from food and balance excretion. Maintaining adequate calcium intake and vitamin D levels is important for bone health and preventing deficiencies.
Minerals, essential for our body. In this slide changes of minerals during processing of foods are given. Check that out for gathering information and knowledge. It will be helpful.
water soluble Vitamins and minerals - Dr.Parvathyparvathychandrak
This document provides information on several water soluble vitamins and trace elements. It discusses the functions, deficiency symptoms, food sources, and recommended daily amounts of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, vitamin C, choline, copper, iodine, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium. Key highlights include the roles of B vitamins in energy metabolism and red blood cell synthesis, symptoms of various deficiency diseases like beriberi and pellagra, and the importance of iodine for thyroid function.
Atdtiens.jalal,Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
This document discusses minerals and classifies them into two types: principal elements (macrominerals) and trace elements (microminerals). It then provides detailed information about calcium, including its biochemical functions, dietary requirements, absorption in the GI tract, circulating fractions, and diseased states like hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. The document also discusses sodium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and copper, outlining their biochemical functions, absorption, dietary requirements, and potential deficiency diseases.
Mineral water is water that has naturally occurring minerals dissolved within it. It can have varying levels of mineral content from lightly mineralized to highly mineralized. Mineral water has several health benefits such as improving bone health, lowering blood pressure, and aiding digestion. However, it also carries risks as certain microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can sometimes contaminate mineral water and cause infectious illnesses. Popular brands of mineral water in Bangladesh include MUM, AQUAFINA, FRESH, ACME, PRAN, SPA, JIBON, and SHANTI.
Water is the most important source of life on earth. Impure and polluted water have become a serious threat to human sustenance.Contaminated water is the major cause of serious diseases in both humans and animals.That is why it is very important to be cautious about the type of water you are drinking.
1. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions like a hormone in the body.
2. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, while the biologically active form calcitriol is produced in the kidney.
3. Calcitriol regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood by increasing their absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in the kidney while also increasing calcium mobilization from bone. This helps maintain appropriate calcium homeostasis.
The document provides an overview of the water-soluble vitamins, specifically the B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12) and vitamin C. It discusses the roles, deficiencies, toxicities, food sources, and recommendations for each vitamin. Key points covered include how the B vitamins function as coenzymes in energy metabolism and cell growth/division, their involvement in important bodily processes, and the diseases that can result from deficiencies.
Minerals are inorganic elements needed by the body for functions like building tissues, regulating fluids, and assisting in bodily processes. Major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are required in amounts greater than 100mg daily, while trace minerals such as iron, iodine, and zinc are needed in lesser amounts. The document provides details on common food sources, functions, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms for each major and trace mineral.
This document discusses the role of calcium and vitamin D in reducing fracture risk. It notes that osteoporotic fractures are increasing with aging and are associated with morbidity, disability, and mortality. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake helps maximize bone mineral density and prevents falls. The document reviews clinical trials on calcium and vitamin D supplementation for fracture prevention and concludes that daily supplementation of 800 IU of vitamin D and 1000 mg of calcium can effectively reduce fracture risk, especially in institutionalized elderly individuals. Compliance with long-term supplementation is important to maintain benefits.
This document provides information about minerals found in the human body. It discusses major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium which are required in amounts greater than 100mg per day. It also discusses trace minerals like iron, iodine, and magnesium which are required in smaller amounts less than 20mg per day. For each mineral, the document outlines its sources, absorption, functions, requirements, deficiency disorders, and treatment where relevant. The document provides an overview of the essential roles various minerals play in bone formation, soft tissue maintenance, enzyme and hormone production, and other physiological processes in the human body.
Minerals are inorganic elements essential for human nutrition. Fourteen minerals are required for proper body function and play key roles in health. They include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and others. Minerals help with chemical reactions in cells, muscle contraction, nerve transmission and more. They are divided into major minerals needed in larger amounts daily and trace minerals needed in smaller amounts. Maintaining proper mineral balance is important for overall health and prevention of deficiencies or toxicities.
This document discusses several essential trace minerals, including iron, zinc, and selenium. It provides information on their functions, dietary sources, deficiencies, and recommended intake levels. Specifically, it notes that trace minerals play important roles as enzyme cofactors and in various metabolic processes. Good dietary sources include meat, seafood, grains, fruits and vegetables. Deficiencies can result in conditions like anemia and impaired growth. Supplementation may be necessary in some cases to prevent deficiencies.
Calcium is essential for many bodily functions and is mainly stored in bones. Calcium levels are tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin. Hypocalcemia can result from hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or kidney disease and causes neuromuscular symptoms. Hypercalcemia generally comes from excessive bone resorption due to cancers or hyperparathyroidism and can lead to gastrointestinal, renal, and neurological issues.
This document summarizes disorders of mineral digestion and metabolism. It discusses the supply, absorption, and functions of important minerals like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, sulfur, and magnesium. It also outlines key disorders that can occur when there are deficiencies or excesses of these minerals, such as rickets, osteomalacia, milk fever, and hypomagnesaemic tetany. The document provides an overview of mineral metabolism and the impacts of imbalances.
The document summarizes key information about calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It discusses their daily requirements, distribution in the body, dietary sources, functions, factors controlling absorption such as vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin. It also outlines hormonal control of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and clinical importance of hypo- and hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The objectives are to understand the role of calcium and phosphorus in the body and factors influencing their metabolism.
This presentation discusses the calcium and vitamin D supplement Caldolin. It contains calcium carbonate which maintains calcium homeostasis and helps form bone mass. It also contains vitamin D3 which ensures calcium absorption, decreases bone resorption, and promotes bone mineralization. Caldolin is recommended as a dietary supplement for those with inadequate calcium intake, including during pregnancy, lactation, menopause, and for the aged. It can also treat calcium deficiency states like osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and rickets. The presentation provides dosage instructions and notes possible side effects like constipation or diarrhea. It concludes with market information on leading calcium supplements in Bangladesh.
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism plays an important role in bone growth and remodeling. Calcium homeostasis is regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin to maintain appropriate calcium levels in the blood and bones. During growth, bone is remodeled through the balanced processes of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, which is important for shaping bones and allowing the skeleton to grow in size and strength. The proper metabolism of calcium and phosphorus is essential for orthodontic tooth movement, as it involves applying forces to teeth to stimulate bone remodeling in the alveolar bone.
This document discusses macro minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfur. It provides information on the recommended daily intake of each mineral, their functions in the body, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, food sources, and how food processing can impact mineral stability and content. The key points are:
- Macro minerals make up about 4% of body weight and include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur.
- Each mineral has an important role like building bones/teeth, fluid balance, nerve/muscle function.
- Recommended daily intakes are provided for adults and pregnant/lactating women to prevent deficiencies.
- Processing can
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Calcium and phosphate metabolism is tightly regulated in the body. Calcium is mainly stored in bones while phosphate is found intracellularly and extracellularly. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin control calcium and phosphate levels by impacting absorption in the gut and kidneys. An imbalance can result in hypercalcemia with symptoms like nausea and fatigue, or hypocalcemia which can cause tetany.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and is essential for bone and teeth formation, muscle and nerve function, and cellular processes. It is commonly found in dairy products, leafy greens, fish, and calcium-fortified foods. The body tightly regulates calcium levels through hormones like PTH and vitamin D to support absorption from food and balance excretion. Maintaining adequate calcium intake and vitamin D levels is important for bone health and preventing deficiencies.
Minerals, essential for our body. In this slide changes of minerals during processing of foods are given. Check that out for gathering information and knowledge. It will be helpful.
water soluble Vitamins and minerals - Dr.Parvathyparvathychandrak
This document provides information on several water soluble vitamins and trace elements. It discusses the functions, deficiency symptoms, food sources, and recommended daily amounts of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, vitamin C, choline, copper, iodine, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium. Key highlights include the roles of B vitamins in energy metabolism and red blood cell synthesis, symptoms of various deficiency diseases like beriberi and pellagra, and the importance of iodine for thyroid function.
Atdtiens.jalal,Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
This document discusses minerals and classifies them into two types: principal elements (macrominerals) and trace elements (microminerals). It then provides detailed information about calcium, including its biochemical functions, dietary requirements, absorption in the GI tract, circulating fractions, and diseased states like hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. The document also discusses sodium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and copper, outlining their biochemical functions, absorption, dietary requirements, and potential deficiency diseases.
Mineral water is water that has naturally occurring minerals dissolved within it. It can have varying levels of mineral content from lightly mineralized to highly mineralized. Mineral water has several health benefits such as improving bone health, lowering blood pressure, and aiding digestion. However, it also carries risks as certain microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can sometimes contaminate mineral water and cause infectious illnesses. Popular brands of mineral water in Bangladesh include MUM, AQUAFINA, FRESH, ACME, PRAN, SPA, JIBON, and SHANTI.
Water is the most important source of life on earth. Impure and polluted water have become a serious threat to human sustenance.Contaminated water is the major cause of serious diseases in both humans and animals.That is why it is very important to be cautious about the type of water you are drinking.
water and electrolyte (2).pptx Body is composed of about 60-70% water Distr...Shivangi sharma
URINE
Major route of water loss
Normal urine 1-2L/day.
Water loss through kidneys well regulated to meet body demands.
Urine production cannot be completely shut down, despite there being no water intake
due to the fact that some amount of water (about 500ml/day) is essential as the medium to eliminate the waste products from the body.
This document discusses water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the human body. It covers several key points:
- Water makes up about 60% of the human body and is essential for biochemical reactions and transport. The body carefully regulates water intake, output, and distribution between intracellular and extracellular fluid.
- Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride are important for maintaining fluid balance and osmotic pressure. The kidneys play a key role in regulating electrolyte concentrations through hormones.
- Acid-base balance is critical and maintained through buffers, respiratory and renal systems that regulate bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels to keep blood pH between 7.35-7.45. Dis
A. Body fluids and electrolytes By D siwale.pptxFranciKaySichu
The document discusses body fluids and electrolytes. It begins by explaining that cells exist in an extracellular fluid (ECF) which provides oxygen and nutrients and removes waste. The ECF is divided into interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and lymph. It then defines various body fluids and electrolytes including ECF, intracellular fluid (ICF), interstitial fluid (IF), plasma, and lymph. The document discusses regulation of ECF volume and osmolality by aldosterone, ADH, and atrial natriuretic hormone. It also covers electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate and their importance. The document summarizes causes, clinical features, investigations,
This document discusses safe drinking water. It provides information on how much water the body needs daily, potential water contaminants from various sources, and health effects of drinking contaminated water. It also discusses water treatment methods to remove contaminants and ensure safe drinking water. Maintaining water infrastructure and monitoring water quality is important to provide clean water for human consumption.
-water balance --> body composed of about 60-70% water
-total body water-->42L, ICF --> 28L, ECF --> 14L
- water output by urine,skin,lungs,feces.
-electrolyte bALANCE , expressed as mEq/L.
This document discusses fluids and electrolytes, covering several key points in 3 sentences or less:
Fluids and electrolytes are essential for maintaining homeostasis, as water makes up 50-60% of the human body and is needed for transport of nutrients, wastes, and substances. Fluids enter and leave the body through various avenues like the intestines, kidneys, and skin and are regulated by mechanisms such as ADH and aldosterone to control water resorption and excretion. Imbalances in fluids can cause deficits or excesses that disrupt homeostasis and must be managed through monitoring intake and output, administering IV fluids, and addressing the underlying causes.
Water & electrolyte balance by Astha K. PatelAstha Patel
This document discusses water and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers the roles and functions of water, daily water intake and output, factors that affect water requirements, and abnormalities caused by dehydration, overhydration, and water intoxication. It also discusses the roles and normal levels of major electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride. It describes causes and symptoms of electrolyte imbalances like hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, and hypomagnesemia.
This document provides an overview of body fluids and electrolyte balance. It discusses the sources and composition of body fluids, how fluids move between compartments, and the regulation of fluid balance and electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate. Key points include that total body water is 50-70% of weight, fluids move via diffusion, osmosis, active transport and filtration, and homeostasis of fluids and electrolytes is maintained through mechanisms that regulate volumes and solute concentrations.
This document provides an overview of body fluids, their regulation and homeostasis. It discusses the sources and composition of body fluids, how they move between compartments, and the regulation of fluid balance and electrolytes. Key points covered include the roles and normal levels of electrolytes like sodium, potassium and chloride. Mechanisms that maintain fluid and electrolyte balance like thirst, ADH release and kidney function are described. Causes and treatments of fluid and electrolyte imbalances are also summarized.
The document discusses the regulation of body water and electrolyte balance through various homeostatic mechanisms. It describes how water comprises 60-70% of total body weight in humans and is obtained through drinking water, beverages, cooked foods, and metabolic water. Key factors that regulate fluid balance include thirst, antidiuretic hormone, the renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, and kinins. The kidneys play an important role in excreting excess water or electrolytes to maintain balance. Imbalances can disrupt the normal fluid distribution between intracellular and extracellular compartments.
Lecture 9 nutrients involved in fluid and electrolyte balancewajihahwafa
At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to:
Identify four nutrients that function as electrolytes in our bodies.
List three functions of water in our bodies.
Describe how electrolytes assist in the regulation of healthful fluid balance.
Define hyponatremia and identify factors that can cause this condition.
Identify four symptoms of dehydration.
This document discusses water and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers the following key points:
- The body is composed of 60-70% water distributed between intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments.
- Water intake and output is carefully regulated to maintain balance, with intake from food/beverages and output primarily through urine, skin, lungs and feces.
- Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride are important components of body fluids and their levels are maintained within a narrow range.
- Hormones like aldosterone, ADH and the renin-angiotensin system help regulate sodium and water balance.
- Abnormalities in electrolyte levels can
This document discusses water and electrolyte balance and imbalance in the human body. It covers topics such as sources of body water, distribution of body water, functions of body water, electrolytes and their distribution in extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid. Homeostasis of water and electrolytes is maintained through mechanisms such as ion transport, water movement, kidney function and hormones like antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone. The kidneys play an important role in regulating water and electrolyte balance by excreting excess water or electrolytes through urine.
Body fluids play an important role in homeostasis and comprise 60% of body weight in men and 52-55% in women. Total body water is divided into intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid compartments. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are present in body fluids and help regulate various functions including energy production, acid-base balance, and muscle contraction. Disturbances in body fluids and electrolytes can cause hyponatremia or hypernatremia, and treatment involves slowly correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances to avoid complications.
This document provides information on fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It discusses the daily water intake requirement, where water is distributed in the body, and the three components of body fluids. Key points covered include how the kidneys, hormones, thirst, and osmotic pressures work together to maintain fluid homeostasis and regulate electrolyte concentrations in extracellular and intracellular fluids. Imbalances in sodium, potassium, calcium, and other electrolytes are defined and their causes, signs, symptoms, laboratory findings, and management approaches are summarized.
Body fluid in humans consists of intracellular fluid within cells and extracellular fluid outside of cells. Extracellular fluid is further divided into intravascular fluid within blood vessels and extravascular fluid outside blood vessels. Osmoregulation maintains water and salt balance and involves regulating the concentration of body fluids to match environmental conditions. Aquatic animals can be osmoconformers that match their body fluid to the environment or osmoregulators that actively regulate fluid concentrations. Invertebrates use structures like contractile vacuoles, protonephridia, metanephridia, green glands, malpighian tubules, and coxal glands to osmoregulate.
The chapter discusses nutrition needs during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. During infancy, breast milk or formula is the primary food and solids are gradually introduced between 4-6 months. Special needs of preterm infants include limited nutrient stores. During childhood, energy and nutrient needs vary due to growth and activity levels. Nutrition concerns include lead poisoning, high sugar/fat intake, and iron deficiency. Schools need to provide nutritious foods to children.
The document discusses nutrition needs and considerations during pregnancy and lactation. It covers nutrition prior to pregnancy to establish a healthy baseline. During pregnancy, critical periods of fetal development depend on adequate nutrition. Nutrient needs increase in pregnancy for both mother and fetus. Common concerns like nausea and heartburn are addressed. High-risk pregnancies threaten both mother and baby and require special nutrition and medical care. Food assistance programs help support nutrition in pregnancy.
This document discusses weight management and provides information on overweight, obesity, and underweight. It covers topics such as the definition of overweight and obesity according to BMI, causes of obesity including genetics and environment, health risks of obesity like heart disease and diabetes, and strategies for weight loss and maintenance through nutrition and physical activity. Fad diets are also discussed as ineffective options for long-term weight management.
1. The document discusses chemical reactions in the body related to metabolism. Plants use photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, which humans and animals consume and break down to use as fuel.
2. Metabolic reactions take place inside cells, with catabolism breaking down nutrients to release energy and anabolism building up body compounds using that energy. Glucose, fats, and proteins are broken down through various pathways to produce energy in the form of ATP.
3. The document also discusses alcohol consumption and metabolism. Alcohol is absorbed quickly and broken down in the liver, but excessive drinking can damage liver function and lead to malnutrition by interfering with nutrient metabolism. Both short and long-term
This chapter discusses energy balance and body composition. It covers the concepts of energy intake through foods and energy expenditure through basal metabolic rate and physical activity. Key points include how body weight is regulated by the balance of energy in and out, and factors that influence basal metabolic rate like age, gender, and body composition. The chapter also addresses defining healthy body weight and composition, and health risks associated with underweight and overweight such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Eating disorders in athletes and their prevention and treatment are examined as well.
The document discusses lipids including triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. It describes the chemical structures of fatty acids and how their length, degree of saturation, and double bond location influence physical properties. Triglycerides are formed from a glycerol backbone with three fatty acids attached. Phospholipids contain phosphate and choline while sterols have a ring structure. The digestion and transport of lipids is also summarized.
The document summarizes the key aspects of digestion, absorption, and transport. It describes the anatomy and functions of the digestive tract, including the roles of muscles, secretions, and hormones in breaking down food. Absorption occurs in the small intestine, where nutrients pass through the intestinal walls. Transported nutrients are then circulated via the hepatic portal system and lymphatic vessels. Homeostasis and gut flora also help regulate the healthy functioning of the GI system. Common digestive issues like diarrhea, constipation, and ulcers are discussed.
The document provides an overview of nutrition in 3 chapters and discusses several key topics:
1) Factors that influence food choices such as preferences, habits, traditions, social interactions and more.
2) The major nutrients found in foods and the body including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. It describes these nutrients' roles in energy production and body processes.
3) How nutrition science is conducted through various study designs using controls, sample sizes, placebos and other methods to draw conclusions and establish dietary recommendations.
The document discusses principles and guidelines for planning a healthy diet, including dietary adequacy, balance, calorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety. It covers the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and food group guides like MyPlate. Specific topics include principles of healthy eating, recommendations for food groups, nutrients of concern like fats and sodium, food labeling information, and vegetarian diets.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.