John Adams served as the second President of the United States during a turbulent time. His presidency was marked by tensions with France and the passage of controversial laws known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. The document also discusses key events like Jay's Treaty, the XYZ Affair, and Adams' role in negotiating peace with France in 1800 before leaving office.

1. Chapter 10 Section 4Troubled Times for John Adams, our 2nd U.S. President

2. Jay’s Treaty 1794(named after Chief Justice John Jay) Negotiated to stop the British from attacking U.S. merchant ships

3. The British agreed to:

4. remove their forts from the Northwest Territory

5. allowed U.S. ships to trade in the British West Indies

6. settle disputed boundaries between Canada & the U.S.

7. The United States agreed topay back private debts, although the American people did not agree

8. However, Britain did NOT promised to stop seizing American ships or impressing American sailors.

9. France’s reaction to Jay’s TreatyThe French were not pleased. They stopped American ships in the Caribbean and seized their cargoesThey tried to influence the 1796 Presidential election, on the side of Jefferson, a French sympathizer

10. The Election of 1796

11. The Federalist CandidatesJohn Adams for PresidentThomas Pinckney for V.P.

12. Democratic-Republican CandidatesThomas Jefferson for PresidentAaron Burr for Vice President

13. The Outcome

14. Avoiding War with FranceIn 1797, President Adams sends three men on a peace-keepingmission to France.

15. John Marshall

16. Eldridge Gerry

17. Charles Pinckney

18. These men were to meet with the French foreign minister, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand.He kept them waiting for two weeks and then sent 3 agents in his place, known as X, Y, and Z.

19. Agent X “X” was a Swiss banker by the name of Jean Conrad Hottenguer

20. Agent Y “Y” was Mr. Bellamy, an American banker & merchant living in Hamburg, Germany.

21. Agent Z“Z” was Lucien Hauteval, a Swiss gentleman.

22. The French agents asked for: $250,000 (bribe money for Talleyrand) & a loan of $10,000,000 (as preconditions for negotiations)

23. Outraged at being asked for a bribe, Charles Pinckney replied, “No! Not a sixpence!”*A sixpence is a British coin worth 6 pennies.

24. The Results of XYZ AffairCongress votes to enlarge the U.S. army and navyThe U.S. begins an undeclared naval war with France.So… What is stopping France from declaring war on the United States?

25. France is already at War with Great BritainBritain’s military leaderSir Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of WellingtonFrance’s new leader,Napoleon Bonaparte

26. The Convention of 1800In 1800, President Adams sends a second peace commission to France.The United States and France agreed on terms of peace.

27. Many Federalists were upset that Adam’s had made peace with France. Adam’s was so pleased with this accomplish-ment that he wanted these words on his gravestone: “Here lies John Adams who took upon himself the responsibility of the peace with France in the year 1800.”

28. The Alien ActsPassed by Federalist-dominated Congress in 1797Were meant to 1) hurt the D-R Party 2) protect the U.S. from foreigners/aliens

29. The three Alien Acts were:The Naturalization ActThe Alien ActThe Alien Enemies Act

30. Naturalization Act of 1797 The Act changed the amount of time it required to become a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years.

31. Naturalization Requirements 2009To become a U.S. Citizen, you must:Be at least 18 years of ageHave entered the U.S. legallyHave been living in the U.S. for at least 5 years

32. Naturalization requirements, continuedDemonstrate some command of the English languageHave some knowledge of U.S. history & governmentBe of good characterTake oath of allegiance to the United States

33. The Alien Act gave the President the power to imprison or deport any foreigner

34. The Alien Enemies Actallowed the United States to arrest and deport all aliens who were citizens of foreign nations at war with the United States

35. The Sedition Actmade it a crime for anyone to speak out or write negatively about the President of the United States,members of Congressthe federal government or federal laws

37. The Sedition Act was aviolation of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

38. Reaction to the Sedition Act

39. The State’s Rights Theory said that a state could nullify (cancel)a federal law within its state and could decide whether or not to obey such laws

40. The Election of 1800the Democratic-Republicans CandidatesThomas JeffersonAaron Burr

41. The Federalist Candidates John AdamsCharles C. Pinckney

43. Because of a tie, the House of Representatives had to vote to determine who would be the next President.Burr=73 Adams=65 Jay=1 Jefferson=73 Pinckney=64

44. Alexander Hamilton broke the tie by voting for Thomas Jefferson, thus making Jefferson our 3rd U.S. President.

45. Result of 1800 Election To avoid a situation like the election of 1800, Congress passed the 12th Amendment which changed the rules for voting within the Electoral College.

46. Federalists Legacies Gave the country a solid financial base Gained respect from other countriesExpanded the country with 3 new statesCreated the District of Columbia, or Washington D.C.Appointed “midnight judges”

47. Washington D.C. City Planner: Pierre Charles L’Enfant

48. Midnight JudgesFederal judges or “justices” of the Supreme Court are appointed by the PresidentPresident John Adams appointed several his last night in office, one being John Marshall

49. Why did John Adams appoint Federal Judges when he would no longer be President?http://search.discoveryeducation.com/#

50. A ReviewSummer 1775 Revolutionary War begins

51. July 4, 1776 Colonists declare themselves to be independent of Great Britain and King George with Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence

52. 1781 The Revolutionary War ends , 6 years after it started.