Martin Luther disagreed with abuses in the Catholic Church like selling indulgences and the Pope's lavish lifestyle. He wrote 95 Theses arguing indulgences had no biblical basis and salvation came through faith alone. When excommunicated, Luther said he would not recant without scriptural proof. His teachings formed Protestantism, rejecting priests' powers and the Pope as religious authority in favor of the Bible alone. John Calvin also taught predestination and salvation by faith alone, contributing to the Protestant Reformation.

1. Chapter 1 Section 3 NotesThe Protestant Reformation

2. Abuses in the ChurchPope competed with princes for political powerMaintained a lavish lifestylePatron of the arts- but increased fees of the church in order to pay for this sold indulgences- lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory

3. Selling of IndulgencesThe Roman Catholic Church preached that Christians could decrease their time (or a loved ones) in purgatory by giving to the church.

4. Luther’s Protest A German monk (Martin Luther) disagreed with the teachings and abuses in the Churchwrote 95 Thesesagainst indulgencesno basis in the biblePope had no authority to release souls from purgatory, Christians could be saved only through faithHe was excommunicated from the church

5. Martin Luther in 1529“Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason—I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other—I am captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe.”—Martin Luther, Speech Before the Diet of Worms

6. Luther’s Teachingsargued salvation was achieved through faith aloneBible the sole source of religious truth (not the Pope)Rejected the idea that priests had special powersCreates the Protestant religion- Lutheran Church

7. John CalvinBorn in France and trained as a priest and lawyerPredestinationIdea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation World divided into two kinds of people: saints or sinners Like Luther in some ideas Salvation is achieved through faith aloneBible is the sole source of religious truth

8. John Calvin