Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work of individuals to efficiently achieve organizational goals (d). It also involves designing an environment for accomplishing aims effectively (e). Controlling evaluates and corrects performance to ensure goals are met (j). Leading influences subordinates to help achieve goals (a). Staffing fills job positions (c). Organizing assigns tasks and brings harmony among individuals (g). Efficiency is output from minimum input (h). Planning determines goals and strategies (i). Bureaucracy involves authority and legal coordination (legal). Middle-level managers focus on long-term concerns (long-term). Top-level managers have authority over all resources (Top-Level Managers). Fayol viewed management as separate