Fetal lung development is a complex process that begins in the first trimester of pregnancy and continues after birth. It occurs through five overlapping stages: embryonal, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. While the basic structure of the lungs is established before birth, significant development, including alveolar multiplication and increases in surface area, continues postnatally through childhood. After birth, the lungs must adapt to extrauterine life and breathing, with over 80% of adult alveoli forming in the first years of life. This postnatal growth and cellular differentiation are crucial for the lungs to achieve full maturity and function.
This presentation deals with the basic physics of human ventillation. I have made an effort to clarify most of the venti lingo , so as to make way for further discussions on ventilator use. Hope it turns out to be helpful for you. Thank you.
This presentation deals with the basic physics of human ventillation. I have made an effort to clarify most of the venti lingo , so as to make way for further discussions on ventilator use. Hope it turns out to be helpful for you. Thank you.
High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a type of mechanical ventilation that uses a constant distending pressure (mean airway pressure [MAP]) with pressure variations oscillating around the MAP at very high rates (up to 900 cycles per minute). This creates small tidal volumes, often less than the dead space.
Hi Guys,
This presentation talks about Tuberculosis diagnosed in mother in the antenatal period, its treatment, implications on mother and fetus, the various protocols available currently regarding the neonatal management . Special focus being in major issues like breastmilk feeding, BCG, AKT prophylaxis, mother-child isolation.
Hope you find it useful.
P.S. - Please checkout my youtube channel - 'NEONATOHUB' & Facebook page 'Neonatohub' for lectures on neonatology.
High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a type of mechanical ventilation that uses a constant distending pressure (mean airway pressure [MAP]) with pressure variations oscillating around the MAP at very high rates (up to 900 cycles per minute). This creates small tidal volumes, often less than the dead space.
Hi Guys,
This presentation talks about Tuberculosis diagnosed in mother in the antenatal period, its treatment, implications on mother and fetus, the various protocols available currently regarding the neonatal management . Special focus being in major issues like breastmilk feeding, BCG, AKT prophylaxis, mother-child isolation.
Hope you find it useful.
P.S. - Please checkout my youtube channel - 'NEONATOHUB' & Facebook page 'Neonatohub' for lectures on neonatology.
TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K...mwangimwangi222
TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh Complete Verified Chapters.docx
TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh Complete Verified Chapters.docx
TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh Complete Verified Chapters.docx
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
PHASES OF LUNG DEVELOPMENT
Embryonal Phase
Pseudoglandular Phase
Canalicular Phase
Saccular Phase
Alveolar Phase
POSTNATAL LUNG GROWTH
• Factors Affecting Prenatal and Postnatal Lung
Growth
• Abnormal Lung Development
• Pulmonary Hypoplasia
• Alveolar Cell Development and Surfactant
Production
• Fetal Lung Liquid
3.
4. • Fetal lung development is a gradual and progressive process and at birth the lungs
have reached only that degree of morphological, physiological, and biochemical
maturity required for basic functioning to support extrauterine life.
• Lung development continuous even after birth.
• The alveoli develop in increasing numbers until the age of 8 years and increase in size
until growth of the chest wall is finished.
5. • It’s a complex process of growth occurs after birth, accommodating differing
proportions of airway size, alveolar size, and surface area.
• The full-term infant, with an estimated 50 million alveoli, has the potential to add
another 250 million alveoli and increase its total alveolar surface area from
approximately 3 to 70 m2 at maturity.
• More than 40 different cell types, with many different functions, are found in the
lungs.
6.
7.
8. Embryonal stage
• It includes a primitive lung development, encompass to the first 2 month
of gestation.
• The lung begins to emerge as a bud from the pharynx 26 days after conception, this lung bud
elongates and forms trachea and two bronchial buds , which then separated from the esophagus
forming a tracheoesophageal septum. Further subdivision occurs in irregular dichotomous ways.
• The left and right pulmonary artery and vein develops at about 5 weeks of gestation
• The respiratory epithelium is developed from endoderm referred as foregut bud.
• The diaphragm also develop during the embryonal stage of lung development. Complete
development of diaphragm occurs by approx. week 7 of gestation.
9. Pseudoglandular stage
• Named after the distinct glandular appearance of the developing lung, extends to
week 16 of gestation.
• Conducting airways continue to develop, extensive subdivision of the conducting
airway system.
• Distal strutures are the terminal bronchioles, which likely to differentiate into
respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Once pattern is laid, the subsequent
growth of airways is in size only.
10. STRUTURE DEVELOPMENT GESTATIONAL AGE
Cilia appears on surface of epithelium of the trachea and the
mainstem bronchi
10 week of gestation
Globlet cells appears 13-14 week gestation
Submucosal glands arise as solid buds from basal layer of epithelium 15-16 week gestation
The development of cartilage 10-24 week gestation
Lymphatics appear 8-10 week gestation
11. Canalicular stage
• Approximately 17 weeks to 26 weeks of gestation
• This stage is named so because of presence of vascular channels or capillary network around the
passages.
• This capillary development with sufficient surface area adjacent to the airspaces for efficient gas
exchange and presence of surfactant is critical for the extra uterine survival of the immature
fetus.
• Pulmonary acinar units are also formed, each acinus consist of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar
ducts and alveolar sacs.
• Differentiation of type I and type II cells. By the end of canalicular stage , the development of air-
blood barrier is thin enough to support gas exchange.
• The survival of the fetus become possible in canalicular stage at 22-24 weeks gestation.
12. Saccular phase
•Approximately 26 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation.
•At the beginning of this phase, about 26 weeks of gestation, the terminal structures
are referred to as saccules and are relatively smooth-walled, cylindrical structures.
•They then become subdivided by ridges known as secondary crests.
•As the crests protrude into the saccules, part of the capillary net is drawn in with
them, forming a double capillary layer.
•During the saccular phase, there is a marked increase in the potential gas-exchanging
surface area.
13. Alveolar stage
• Distinction between the saccular and alveolar phases is somewhat arbitrary.
• Alveolar maturation and proliferation are primarily a postnatal event, extending
beyond birth with rapid growth up to 18 months post gestation.
• Alveologenesis is characterized by a complex interaction of epithelial, fibroblast, and
vascular growth factors with extracellular matrix components.
• It has been estimated that only 15% to 20% of the adult number of alveoli are present
at birth, and thus alveologenesis is largely a postnatal event.
14. Post natal lung development
• More than 80% of the eventual total number of alveoli—about 300 million—will form
after birth.
• Lung volume will increase 23-fold, alveolar number will increase 6-fold, alveolar surface
area will increase 21-fold, and lung weight will increase 20-fold.
• Lung volume increases disproportionally to alveolar number.
• At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2
years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After the end of alveolar
multiplication, the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
16. • The primitive alveolar epithelium evolves, into the highly specified type I and type II
pneumocytes.
• Type I cells constitutes 97% of the alveolar surface area, helps in gas diffusion and
prevent water and solute leakage.
• Type II cells produces and stores surfactant.
• Surfactant reduces surface tension within alveolus.