This document discusses different types of thinking skills, including critical thinking, creative thinking, problem-solving, decision-making, and analytical skills. It focuses on critical thinking and defines it as actively analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information to form reasoned judgments. The document outlines several theories of critical thinking and categories it into types like analytical, creative, and ethical thinking. It also lists characteristics of critical thinkers such as being open-minded, curious, reflective, and able to problem-solve and communicate effectively.

1. THINKING
SKILLS
Lecturer :
SHARIHAN BIN SHAHIDAN PKT, PAP, PBP

2. INTRODUCTION
Thinking Skill
Thinking skills refer to the cognitive abilities and
processes that individuals use to understand,
analyze, evaluate, and generate ideas, solve
problems, make decisions, and engage in critical and
creative thinking.
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3. CATEGORIES OF THINKING SKILLS
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CRITICAL
THINKING SKILLS
Analyzing information,
evaluating arguments and
evidence, identifying logical
fallacies, recognizing biases,
and making reasoned
judgments.
CREATIVE
THINKING SKILLS
Generating original ideas,
making connections between
seemingly unrelated
concepts, and approaching
problems with fresh and
innovative perspectives.
PROBLEM-
SOLVING SKILLS
Identifying problems,
analyzing their root causes,
generating possible solutions,
evaluating alternatives, and
implementing effective
strategies to reach solutions.
DECISION-
MAKING SKILLS
Evaluating alternatives,
assessing risks and
benefits, considering
multiple perspectives,
and making informed
choices.
ANALYTICAL
SKILLS
Breaking down complex
information or situations
into smaller components,
identifying patterns,
relationships, and trends, and
drawing logical conclusions.

4. TOPIC 1 : CRITICAL
THINKING
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO) :
CLO 1:
Explain the concept of critical and creative thinking (C2,
PLO1)

5. AGENDA
1.1 Definition​
1.2 Critical thinking theories
1.3 Types of critical thinking
1.4 Characteristics and skills of a critical
thinker​

6. 1.1 CRITICAL
THINKING
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7. DEFINITION OF CRITICAL THINKING
• Critical thinking is the process of actively and skillfully analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information and ideas
to form reasoned judgments and make informed decisions. It involves the ability to objectively assess arguments,
evidence, and assumptions, while being open-minded and willing to consider alternative perspectives.
• Critical thinking is about questioning and examining ideas, arguments, and information rather than accepting them
at face value. It requires the application of logical reasoning, rationality, and evidence-based analysis to assess the
validity and reliability of claims and to form well-founded conclusions.
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8. SELF STUDY :
Key elements of critical thinking

9. 1.2 CRITICAL
THINKING THEORIES
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10. CRITICAL THINKING THEORIES
Critical thinking is a concept and a skill rather than a set of
theories. However, there are various theoretical
perspectives and models that have been proposed to
understand and explain critical thinking processes.
These models provide frameworks for understanding the
components and stages of critical thinking. Here are a few
examples of theoretical models of critical thinking:
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11. CRITICAL THINKING THEORIES
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PAUL-ELDER
CRITICAL THINKING
FRAMEWORK
Developed by Richard
Paul and Linda Elder
BLOOM'S
TAXONOMY
Developed by
Benjamin Bloom
(1956)
REASONING AND
ARGUMENTATION
THEORY
There is no single
individual who
exclusively developed
this entire theory.
DUAL-PROCESS
THEORY
There is no single
individual who
exclusively developed
this entire theory.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE
THEORY
Developed by Albert
Bandura

12. GROUP ACTIVITIES :
1. Make a small group
2. Make a discussion about the
theories of critical thinking

13. 1.3 TYPES OF
CRITICAL THINKING
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14. Critical thinking can be
categorized into different
types based on the
cognitive processes
involved and the contexts
in which it is applied.
• Analytical Thinking
• Creative Thinking
• Reflective Thinking
• Problem-solving Thinking
• Decision-making Thinking
• Strategic Thinking
• Scientific Thinking
• Ethical Thinking
Some common types of
critical thinking:
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15. GROUP ACTIVITIES :
Give examples :
Types of creative thinking

16. 1.4 Characteristics
and skills of a
critical thinker

17. CHARACTERISTICS AND SKILLS OF
A CRITICAL THINKER
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Open-
mindedness
Curiosity
Analytical
thinking
Reflection Skepticism
They are open to
considering different
perspectives, ideas,
and evidence.
Have a natural
curiosity and a desire
to seek knowledge,
ask questions, and
explore new ideas.
ability to analyze
complex
information
Critical thinkers
engage in self-
reflection and
introspection.
Critical thinkers
have the ability to
analyze complex
information.

18. CHARACTERISTICS AND SKILLS OF
A CRITICAL THINKER
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Problem-
solving
Effective
communication
Intellectual
humility
Emotional
intelligence
Information
literacy

19. THANK YOU