Excretory system and its parts with detailsরেজা তানজিল
this is a group presentation about the excretory system
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy.
Excretory system and its parts with detailsরেজা তানজিল
this is a group presentation about the excretory system
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy.
The urinary system, components, the urine formation process, The gross structure of the kidney, Microscope structure of the kidney, Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system. ... From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
1 GNM Anatomy - Unit - 8 Excretory system.pptxthiru murugan
By: M. Thiru murugan
Unit – 8:
Structure and functions of the kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Formation and composition of urine.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Structure and functions of the skin.
Regulation of the body temperature.
Excretory system:
The excretory system is performs the function of excretion
It is the process of removing the wastes
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system
Kidney:
The kidneys are a bean-shaped organs - found abdominal cavity, just below the rib cage.
The right kidney is slightly lower than the left because of the position of the liver.
Every human has two kidneys.
Diagram of Renal System
Structure of kidney:
Kidney consist of 3 basic parts
Renal cortex (outer layer )
Renal medulla (inner layer )
Renal pelvis.
Renal cortex:
The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney, it is covered with capsule
Erythropoietin a hormone is produced in the renal cortex (Erythropoiesis)
Renal medulla:
Renal medulla is the inner layer of the kidney. The medulla consists of multiple pyramidal tissue masses, called the renal pyramids, which are triangle structures that contain a network of nephrons
Renal pelvis:
The renal pelvis contains the hilum.
The hilum is the concave part of the bean-shape where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney
It is also the point of exit for the ureters carry urine away from the kidney
Both of the ureters supply the urine into urinary bladder,
From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.
The blood arrives at the kidney via the renal artery, renal veins collect deoxygenated blood
Nephron:
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
It is composed of renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Parts of Nephron:
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus within bowman's capsule)
Proximal convoluted tubule
Intermediate tubule (loop of Henle)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts
1. The Glomerulus:
The glomerulus is receives blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation.
Here, fluid and solutes are filtered out of the blood and into the space made by Bowman’s capsule.
A group of specialized cells known as juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) are located around the afferent arteriole where it enters the renal corpuscle. The JGA secretes an enzyme called renin, it is involved in the process of blood volume homeostasis (Bp).
2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule:
The proximal tubule is the first site of water reabsorption into the bloodstream, and the site where the majority of water and salt reabsorption takes place.
3. The Loop of Henle:
The loop of Henle is a U-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb. It transfers fluid from the proximal to the distal tubule
4. Distal Convoluted Tubule:
The distal convoluted tubule is the final site of reabsorption in the nephron.
5. Collecting Duct:
The collecting duct
Iam uploading the ppt for enhancing the education of the students my this document provide a lot of knowledge about the proposal writing and publishing that material for the information purpose.
The urinary system, components, the urine formation process, The gross structure of the kidney, Microscope structure of the kidney, Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system. ... From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
1 GNM Anatomy - Unit - 8 Excretory system.pptxthiru murugan
By: M. Thiru murugan
Unit – 8:
Structure and functions of the kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Formation and composition of urine.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Structure and functions of the skin.
Regulation of the body temperature.
Excretory system:
The excretory system is performs the function of excretion
It is the process of removing the wastes
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system
Kidney:
The kidneys are a bean-shaped organs - found abdominal cavity, just below the rib cage.
The right kidney is slightly lower than the left because of the position of the liver.
Every human has two kidneys.
Diagram of Renal System
Structure of kidney:
Kidney consist of 3 basic parts
Renal cortex (outer layer )
Renal medulla (inner layer )
Renal pelvis.
Renal cortex:
The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney, it is covered with capsule
Erythropoietin a hormone is produced in the renal cortex (Erythropoiesis)
Renal medulla:
Renal medulla is the inner layer of the kidney. The medulla consists of multiple pyramidal tissue masses, called the renal pyramids, which are triangle structures that contain a network of nephrons
Renal pelvis:
The renal pelvis contains the hilum.
The hilum is the concave part of the bean-shape where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney
It is also the point of exit for the ureters carry urine away from the kidney
Both of the ureters supply the urine into urinary bladder,
From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.
The blood arrives at the kidney via the renal artery, renal veins collect deoxygenated blood
Nephron:
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
It is composed of renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Parts of Nephron:
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus within bowman's capsule)
Proximal convoluted tubule
Intermediate tubule (loop of Henle)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts
1. The Glomerulus:
The glomerulus is receives blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation.
Here, fluid and solutes are filtered out of the blood and into the space made by Bowman’s capsule.
A group of specialized cells known as juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) are located around the afferent arteriole where it enters the renal corpuscle. The JGA secretes an enzyme called renin, it is involved in the process of blood volume homeostasis (Bp).
2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule:
The proximal tubule is the first site of water reabsorption into the bloodstream, and the site where the majority of water and salt reabsorption takes place.
3. The Loop of Henle:
The loop of Henle is a U-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb. It transfers fluid from the proximal to the distal tubule
4. Distal Convoluted Tubule:
The distal convoluted tubule is the final site of reabsorption in the nephron.
5. Collecting Duct:
The collecting duct
Iam uploading the ppt for enhancing the education of the students my this document provide a lot of knowledge about the proposal writing and publishing that material for the information purpose.
Respiratory system is the process of exchange gases oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs through the alveoli,in which oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide exhaled.
Myocardial infarction consist on the anatomy of heart and anatomy of the coronary artries assessment of patient regarding heart problem and also nursing diagnosis.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2. 2
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able
to:
•Name the parts of the urinary system and discuss
the function of each part
•Define combining forms used in building words that
relate to the urinary system
•Identify the meaning of related abbreviations
•Name the common diagnoses, clinical procedures,
and laboratory tests used in treating disorders of
the urinary system
3. 3
Objectives Part 2
•List and define the major pathological conditions
of the urinary system
•Explain the meaning of surgical terms related to
the urinary system
•Recognize common pharmacological agents used
in treating the urinary system
4. 4
Structure and Function
Urinary System
The Urinary System
•Also called the
excretory system
•Maintains water
balance
•Removes waste
products from the
blood by excreting
them in the urine
Bladder Kidneys
Urethra Ureters
Meatus
5. 5
Kidneys
Kidneys
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the
retroperitoneal portion of the abdominal cavity on
either side of the vertebral column.
Two Primary Functions
•To form urine for excretion
•To retain essential substances the body needs in
the process called reabsorption
6. 6
Parts of the Kidney
kidney
Kidneys filter about 1700
liters of blood daily in the
average adult.
Parts of the kidneys
•Cortex
-outer protective portion
•Medulla
-inner soft portion
•Hilum
-a depression located in the middle of the
concave side of the kidney where blood
vessels, nerves, and the ureters enter and
exit the kidneys
cortex
medulla
hilum
7. 7
Urine Production
Urine is produced by filtration of:
•water
•salts
•sugar
•urea
•creatine
•uric acid
Each kidney contains more than 1 million nephrons
which are the functional units of the kidneys.
Blood Flow through the Kidneys
Blood enters through the renal artery arterioles
Each arteriole leads to a nephron renal corpuscle
(which has a group of capillaries called the glomerulus)
The glomerulus filters fluid from the blood, and
is the first place where urine is formed in the
kidneys.
8. 8
Structure and Function
•Blood flows through the
glomerulus at a constant
rate.
•Each glomerulus is
surrounded by a capsule
known as Bowman’s
capsule.
•Blood then passes into
the renal tubules where
some substances are
reabsorbed and the
remaining become urine.
Urine
Flow
Blood
Flow
Glomeruli
9. 9
Flow of Urine
Flow of Urine
glomerulus
renal tubules
renal pelvis
renal calices
ureters The renal tubules carry urine to ducts in
the renal cortex.
Renal cortex
Renal capsule
Renal medulla
Ureter
Renal vein
Renal artery
Nephron
Filtered blood exits the kidneys via the
renal vein.
10. 10
Ureters
Ureters
•A tube approximately 6 to 7 inches long attached
to each kidney
•Made up of three layers of tissue
-smooth muscle
-fibrous tissue
-mucous layer
Peristalsis, a rhythmic contraction of the
ureter smooth muscle which helps to move
the urine into the bladder.
11. 11
Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder
•Hollow, muscular organ that
stores urine
•Sphincter muscles hold the urine
in place
•Holds 300 to 400 milliliters of
urine before emptying
•Walls contain epithelial tissue
that stretch to allow the bladder
to hold twice its capacity
•The trigone is a triangular area
at the base of the bladder where
the ureters enter and the urethra
exits
Urethra
Prostate
gland
Ureter
Urinary bladder
12. 12
Urethra
Urethra
A tube of smooth muscle with a mucous lining
that carries urine from the bladder to the outside
of the body.
Female Urethra Male Urethra
•Approximately 1.5
inches long
•Opens through the
meatus
•Approximately 8
inches long
•Passes through three
different regions:
-prostate gland
-membranous portion
-penis
Excreting urine is called
voiding or micturition
17. 17
Combining Forms [HD]
Abbreviation Meaning
HD
IVP
K+
KUB
Na+
pH
PKU
hemodialysis
intravenous pyelogram
potassium
kidney, ureter, bladder
sodium
power of hydrogen
concentration
phenylketonuria
18. 18
Combining Forms [RP]
Abbreviation Meaning
RP
SG
UA
UTI
VCU
retrograde pyelogram
specific gravity
urinalysis
urinary tract infection
voiding cystourethrogram
19. 19
Diagnostic, Procedural &
Laboratory Terms
Urologists are physicians who specialize in disorders of the
male and female urinary tracts, and the male reproductive
system.
Common Tests
Urinalysis
•Examination of the
urine for its physical and
chemical properties
•Obtained from clients
who fill a specimen
container or by urinary
catheterization
Characteristics of Urine
•Normal urine is straw-colored
and clear
• Normal specific gravity (SG)
range is from 4.5 to 8.0
•Specific gravity measures the
amount of wastes, minerals
and solids present in the urine
20. 20
Abnormal Findings in Urine
Abnormal Findings
in the Urine
Casts
Glucose
Albumin
Phenylketones (PKU) Bilirubin
Blood Ketones
21. 21
Types of Catheters - Foley
Types of Catheters
Foley catheter
•An indwelling
catheter held in place
by an inflated balloon
in the bladder
Urinary
bladder
Foley
catheter
To urine
container
Clip
Drain
22. 22
Types of Catheters - Condom
Condom catheter
•External catheter
consisting of a rubber
sheath placed over the
penis
Types of Catheters
Condom
catheter
Tube
Leg
collection
bag
23. 23
Blood Tests
Blood Tests
•Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
•Creatinine Clearance Test
The presence of high amounts of urea or
creatinine in the blood shows that the kidney is
not properly filtering these substances.
24. 24
Imaging Tests
Imaging Tests
•Cystoscopy
-tubular instrument used to
examine the bladder
•Intravenous Pyelogram
-x-rays of the urinary tract after a
contrast medium is injected into
the bloodstream
•KUB
-x-ray of three parts of the urinary tract (kidney,
ureter, and bladder)
•Renal Scan
-radioactive imaging used to diagnose kidney disorders
25. 25
Urinary Tract Procedures
Urinary Tract Procedures
Dialysis
•Hemodialysis
-the process of filtering blood
outside the body in an
artificial kidney machine that
returns the blood back to the
body after filtering.
Peritoneal dialysis (pictured)
-the insertion and removal of a
dialysis solution into the
peritoneal cavity.
Dialysis solution
Peritoneal
cavity
Catheter
Solution
draining
out
Drained
solution
26. 26
ESWL
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
-the breaking up of urinary
stones by using shock waves
from outside the body
Shock waves enter
Ultrasound
system
28. 28
Pathological Terms
Terms Used to Describe Difficulties in Urination
anuresis
•No urinary output
dysuria
•Painful urination
enuresis
•Lack of bladder
control
oliguria
•Scanty urination
polyuria
•Excessive urination
incontinence
•Involuntary discharge of
urine or feces
29. 29
Surgical Terms
Parts of the urinary system
may be surgically removed
•Nephrectomy- removal of a kidney
•Ureterectomy- removal of a ureter
•Cystectomy- removal of the bladder
Surgical repair procedures
•Pyeloplasty- repair of the renal pelvis
•Cystoplasty- repair of the bladder
•Urethroplasty- repair of the urethra
A urostomy is the creation of an artificial opening in the
abdomen through which urine exits the body.
30. 30
Other Surgical Procedures
Other Surgical Procedures
Nephrolysis
•Removal of an adhesion in the kidney
Nephrolithotomy
•Removal of a kidney stone
Nephropexy
•Surgical fixation of the kidney
Nephrorrhaphy
•Suturing of a damaged kidney
31. 31
Pharmacological Terms
Medications used for urinary conditions assist to:
•Relieve Pain (analgesic)
•Relieve Spasms (antispasmodic)
•Inhibit the growth of
microorganisms (antibiotic)
•Increase urine output
(diuretic)
•Decrease urine output
(antidiuretic)
32. 32
Apply Your Knowledge
Complete the following Urinary System flowchart by naming
the structures in descending order.
meatus
kidney
ureters
bladder
urethra
33. 33
Apply Your Knowledge Part 2
Following a severe injury, Mr. Hudson is told by
his urologist that he will need a surgical
procedure to allow urine to exit the body through
an opening in the abdomen.
Which of the following procedures will Mr.
Hudson have performed?
A. urethrotomy
B. ureterectomy
C. urostomy
Answer: C. urostomy
34. 34
Apply Your Knowledge Part 3
Susan was diagnosed with a bladder infection
and given medication to treat the infection but
she did not take it. Failure to treat a bladder
infection may lead to which of the following?
A. kidney infection
B. cystitis
C. bladder cancer
Answer: A. kidney infection
35. 35
Apply Your Knowledge Part 4
If an individual were to have a drastic drop
in blood pressure below normal, which of
the following would you expect, based on
what you have learned about the renal
system?
A. increase in urine production
B. decrease in urine production
C. no change in urine production
Answer: B. decrease in urine production
