The document outlines the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, detailing its structure, including the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and essential organs like the lungs, trachea, and bronchi. It describes the process of respiration, emphasizing the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and highlights the system's functions, such as delivering oxygen to cells and protecting airways. Additionally, it provides references for further reading on the topic.

1. Anatomy of the Respiratory
System
ZAHID ALI
NURSING INSTRUCTOR
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Zaibunisa institute of Nursing And
Allied health sciences Ghotki

2. Objectives
• At the end of the presentation student will be
able to:
• Introduction of respiratory system.
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of
respiratory system.
• Define upper and lower respiratory tract.
• Inlist the organs of respiratory system.
• Functions of the respiratory system.

3. Anatomy of the Respiratory
System
Respiration
Respiration is the act of breathing:
Inhaling. The act of breathing in oxygen.
Exhaling. The act of breathing out carbon
dioxide.

4. Respiratory system
• Your respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that
help you breathe. This system helps your body absorb oxygen from
the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as
carbon dioxide, from your blood.
• The respiratory system is made up of the organs included in the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• These are the parts:
• Nose
• Mouth
• Throat (pharynx)
• Voice box (larynx)
• Windpipe (trachea)
• Large airways (bronchi)
• Small airways (bronchioles)
• Lungs

5. • Mouth and nose: Openings that pull air from outside
your body into your respiratory system.
• Sinuses: Hollow areas between the bones in your head
that help regulate the temperature and humidity of the
air you inhale.
• Pharynx (throat): Tube that delivers air from your
mouth and nose to the trachea (windpipe).
• Trachea: Passage connecting your throat and lungs.
• Bronchial tubes: Tubes at the bottom of your windpipe
that connect into each lung.
• Lungs: Two organs that remove oxygen from the air
and pass it into your blood.

6. The upper respiratory tract is made up of the:
• Nose or nostrils,
• Nasal cavity,
• Throat (pharynx),
and voice box (larynx).

7. The lower respiratory tract is made up of the:
• Trachea,
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles,
• Alveoli,

8. Lungs
• The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs made
up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up
most of the space in the chest (thorax).
The lungs are surrounded by a membrane
(pleura).
• The lungs take in oxygen. Your body's cells need
oxygen to live and carry out their normal
functions. The lungs also get rid of carbon
dioxide, a waste product of the cells.

9. • The lungs are separated from each other by
the mediastinum, an area that contains the:
• Heart and its large vessels
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Thymus gland
• Lymph nodes

10. • The right lung has 3 sections, called lobes. The
left lung has 2 lobes. When you breathe in:
• Air enters your body through your nose or
mouth.
• Air then travels down the throat through the
larynx and trachea.
• Air goes into the lungs through tubes called
main-stem bronchi.

11. • One main-stem bronchus leads to the right
lung and one to the left lung:
• In the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide
into smaller bronchi.
• The smaller bronchi divide into even smaller
tubes (bronchioles).
• Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs (alveoli) where
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
occurs.
• You then breathe out carbon dioxide.

12. Function of respiratory system
• Allows you to talk and to smell.
• Warms air to match your body temperature and
moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs.
• Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body.
• Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from
the body when you exhale.
• Protects your airways from harmful substances and
irritants.

13. References
• Reference Books
• Anatomy and Physiology for Healthcare by Paul
Marshall; Beverly Gallacher; Jim Jolly; Shupikai
Rinomhota. ...
• Atlas of Human Anatomy by Frank H. ...
• Big Picture: Gross Anatomy, Medical Course & Step 1
Review, Second Edition by David A. ...
• Big Picture Physiology: Medical Course by Jonathan D.
•