As society grew more complex, new skills were needed and jatis (caste groups) formed based on occupations like smiths, carpenters and masons. Powerful new Rajput clans also emerged between the 11th-12th centuries and replaced older rulers in agricultural areas. Gradually, with Brahmin support, many tribes joined the caste system though most became part of the lower jatis, while elite tribal families could join the ruling class, demonstrating how state formation was linked to tribal social changes.

1. Changing Society
New Castes and
Hierarchies

2. As the economy and the needs of society grew,
people with new skills were required . It took
the TRIBES to caste based society

3. Jāti is a group of clans, tribes,
communities, and sub-
communities, and religions in
India. Each Jāti typically has an
association with a traditional job
function or tribe. Religious beliefs
or linguistic groupings may
define some Jātis

6. • Specialised artisans – smiths, carpenters and
masons etc… – were also recognised as
separate jatis by the Brahmanas. Jatis, rather
than varna, became the basis for organising
society

7. smiths, carpenters and masons etc… –
were also recognised as separate jatis

8. New Rajput clans became powerful
by the eleventh and twelfth
centuries along with Kshatriysa
• .

9. Those Rajputs belonged to different
lineages, such as Hunas,
chandelas, Chalukyas and others
• .
•

10. Some of these, too, had been tribes
earlier. Many of these clans came
to be regarded as Rajputs

11. These Rajputs gradually became
rulers by replacing the older rulers,
especially in agricultural areas.
•

12. •A developed society
and rulers used
their wealth to
create powerful
states

13. •The rise of Rajput
clans to the position
of rulers set an
example for the
tribal people to
follow.

14. • Gradually,with the
support of the
Brahmanas, many tribes
became part of the
caste system.
• But only the leading
tribal families could join
the ruling class.

15. •A large majority
joined the lower
jatis of caste
society.

18. • The emergence
of states is
closely related
to socialchange
amongst tribal
people. Two
examples of
thisimportant
part of our
history are
• Gonds
• Ahoms