Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar probe launched in 2008. It helped map the lunar surface and search for water ice. Chandrayaan-2, launched in 2019, consisted of an orbiter, lander named Vikram, and rover called Pragyan. Vikram attempted to soft land on the Moon's south pole region in September 2019 but lost communication shortly before landing, crashing onto the lunar surface instead. The orbiter continues to study the Moon from its polar orbit. While the lander mission was not fully successful, it has provided valuable data and experience to further India's lunar exploration goals through ISRO.

1. HISTORY ON
INDIA’S
CHANDRAYAAN
MADE BY: PRANJEET
MARANDI

2. CHANDRAYAAN
-2 WOULDN’T HAVE BEEN
POSSIBLE WITHOUT IT’S
PREDECESSOR
CHANDRAYA
AN-1

3. Chandrayaan-I
 Chandrayaan-1 was the first INDIAN Lunar Probe
under Chandrayaan Program.
The mission included a lunar orbiter and
an impacter. India launched the space -----
-craft using a PSLV-XL Rocket.
On 22 October 2008 at 00:52 UTC from
Satish Dhawan Space Centre, at Sriharikota
about 80km North from Chennai.
The mission was a major boost to our space program.
The vehicle inserted into Lunar orbit on 8 Nov 2008.

4. High resolution mineralogical and chemical imaging of the
permanently shadowed regions of our Moon.
Searching for surface or sub-surface lunar water-ice,
especially in the lunar poles.
Identification of chemicals in highlands rocks.
Chemicals stratigraphy of the lunar crust by remote
sensing of the central uplands of large lunar craters, and the
South Pole Aitken Region(SPAR), an expected site for internal
material.
Mapping the height variation of the Lunar Surface.

5. After
CHANDRAYAAN-
1,
ISRO didn’t stop…
Here came the hot topic of
recent news
CHANDRAYAA
N-2

6. Chandrayaan-II
It is the second LunarExploration mission developed by
the Indian Space and Reasearch
Organisation (ISRO), after Chandrayaan-I. It consists
of a lunar orbiter, the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan
Lunar rover, all of which were developed in India. The
main scientific objective is to map the location and
abundance of lunar water via Pragyan, and ongoing
analysis from the orbiter circling at a lunar polar orbit
of 100 × 100 km.

7. The primary objectives of the Chandrayaan-2 lander were to
demonstrate the ability to soft land on the Lunar surface and
operate a robotic rover on the surface. Scientific goals include
orbital studies of Lunar Topography, Minerology, Elemetatal
Deposition, the Lunar Exoshpere, and signatures of Hydroxyl and
Water Ice.] The orbiter will map the lunar surface and help to
prepare 3D maps of it. The onboard radar will also map the
surface while studying the Water Ice in the South Polar
region and thickness of the Lunar Regolith on the surface.
Aim of
Chandrayaan-2

8. Pragyan Rover
It is the rover of Chandrayaan-2 ,
a lunar mission developed by
ISRO. A succesful soft lunar
landing and rover operation
would make India the fourth
country to do so after former
USSR, USA, CHINA.
The rover would have been the southernmost landing mission
ever to moon.

9. Vikram Lander
It is designed for one lunar day, which is
equivalent to 14 days on Earth. Vikram has
the capability to communicate with ISDN at
Dyalalu near Bangalore , as well as the
Orbiter and Rover . The lander is designed to
execute soft landing on the surface of the
moon. The lander's propulsion system
consists of eight 50 N thrusters for altitude
control and five 800 N liquid main engines
derived from ISRO's 440 N Liquid Apogee
Motor. Initially, the lander design employed
four main liquid engines, but a centrally
mounted engine was added to handle new
requirements of having to orbit the Moon
before landing.
The additional engine was expected
to mitigate upward draft of lunar
dust during the soft landing.
Vikram was designed to safely land on
slopes up to 12°.[

10. Orbiter
As of September 2019, orbiter is
orbiting the Moon on a polar
orbit at an altitude of 100 km.
The orbiter carries eight
scientific instruments; two of
them are improved versions of
those flown onChandrayaan-1.
The approximate launch mass
was 2,379 kg. The Orbiter High
Resolution Camera (OHRC) will
conduct high-resolution
observations of the landing site
prior to separation of the lander
from the orbiter.

11. Lander(Vikr
am)Dry Mass-626kg
Propellant Mass-845kg
Total Mass-1471kg
Power-650 watts
Rover(Prag
yan)Dry Mass-27kg
Power-50 watts

12. Chandrayaan-2 has
gone a long a up the
sky to reach what
nobody has touched
before…
Here’s a An
Animated Video to
show the jaunt of

13. Current news
Vikram separated from Chandrayaan-2 on 7 September 2019 and was scheduled to
land on the Moon at around 1:50 a.m. IST. The initial descent was considered within
mission parameters, passing critical braking procedures as expected. The descent and
soft-landing were to be done by the on-board computers on Vikram, with mission
control unable to make corrections.
The lander's trajectory began to deviate at about 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi; 6,900 ft) above
the surface.The final telemetry readings during ISRO's live-stream show
that Vikram's final vertical velocity was 58 m/s (210 km/h) from 330 meters above the
surface which, according to the MIT Technology Review, is "quite fast for a lunar
landing."Initial reports suggesting a crash,have been confirmed by ISRO chairman K.
Sivan, stating that the lander location had been found, and "it must have been a hard
landing". K. Sivan has tasked senior scientist P. S. Goel to head the Failure Analysis
Committee to look into the causes of the failure. As of 10 September 2019, ongoing
efforts are being made by ISRO in hopes to restore communications with Vikram. The
orbiter part of the mission, with eight scientific instruments, remains operational and
will continue its seven-year mission to study the Moon.

14. As of 10 September 2019,
ongoing efforts are being made
by ISRO in hopes to restore
communications with Vikram. The
orbiter part of the mission, with
eight scientific instruments,
remains operational and will
continue its seven-year mission
to study the Moon.

15. Dr.
Kailasavadivoo
Sivan
Indian
space
scientist
and the
chairperson
of the ISRO

16. Narendra
Modi
Gave A
Speech-ISRO
SPIRIT

17. Conclusion
ISRO Confirmed that the Vikram Lander
has safely landed on the lunar surface.
But the connection’s still not made with
the Vikram Lander.
But there’s HOPE…
AND THAT TOO OF
130 CRORE INDIANS!!!

18. And that’s the
END TO Our
Presenation
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it
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