just know about chandrayaan 3

1. PRAGATI SARASWATI
SHISHU VIDYA MANDIR
BIRSANAGAR ZONE NO 1/B
SESSION: (2023-2024)
TOPIC: - CHANDRAYANN 3
NAME:- SOURAV GORAI
CLASS:- TEN (X)
ROLL NO:- THREE (03)
SUBJECT:- COMPUTER
SUB TEACHER:- PRITY MAM
INDEX
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SIGN. OF SUB. TEACHER :-

2. 2. INTRODUCTION
3. ABOUT CHANDRAYAAN-3
4. CONCLUSION
5. SPACE CRAFT DESINGN
6. SPACE CRAFT PAYLOADS
7. LANDING
8. LAUNCH VEHICLE
9. SURFACE OPERATION
10. MISSION PROFILE
11. MISSION LIFE
12. BUDGET
13. TEAM
14. REFRENCES
15. THANKYOU
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
to my teacher ( Prity Kumari mam) as well as our
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: -

3. principal (Suresh Kumar Rai) who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on
the topic ( CHANDRAYAAN - 3), which also helped
me in doing a lot of Research and i came to know
about so many new things I am really thankful to
them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time. Just because of them I was
able to create my project.
Thanks again to all who helped me during the
project.
Welcome to this presentation on the Chandrayaan 3 mission, India's third lunar exploration mission. The
previous missions, Chandrayaan 1 and 2, were groundbreaking achievements for India's space program
and helped establish India as a major player in the global space community. Chandrayaan 3 builds on the
success of these missions and aims to further our understanding of the moon and its resources.
INTRODUCTION: -

4. Chandrayaan 3 is a robotic mission that will consist of a lunar lander and rover. The mission is designed
to conduct scientific experiments and gather data about the moon's surface and subsurface. Through this
mission, we hope to gain new insights into the moon's geology, mineralogy, and water resources.
Additionally, the mission will help us develop technologies and capabilities for future manned missions to
the moon and beyond.
Chandrayaan-3 is the third mission in the Chandrayaan programme, a series of lunar-
exploration missions developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Launched on 14 July
2023, the mission consists of a lunar lander named Vikram and a lunar rover named Pragyan, similar to
those launched aboard Chandrayaan-2 in 2019.
About chandrayaan 3: -

5. Chandrayaan-3 was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 14 July 2023. The spacecraft
entered lunar orbit on 5 August, and the lander touched down near the Lunar south pole on 23 August at
18:03 IST (12:33 UTC), making India the fourth country to successfully land on the Moon, and the first to
do so near the lunar south pole. On 3 September the lander hopped and repositioned itself 30–40 cm
(12–16 in) from its landing site.
If the Chandrayaan-3 soft-lands on the moon successfully, India will be only the fourth country to reach
the moon after the US, China and the Soviet Union. Interestingly, Russia tried to land on the moon on
August 20, 2023. However, its Luna-25 spacecraft spun out of control and crashed on to the lunar
surface.
A BIGGEST
ACHIEVEMENT
FOR INDIA.

6. In conclusion, the Chandrayaan 3 mission represents a significant step forward in India's space
exploration efforts. Building on the successes of the previous missions, Chandrayaan 3 has ambitious
scientific objectives that will contribute to our understanding of the moon and the broader universe. The
mission also represents an important collaboration between international partners, highlighting the
importance of cooperation in space exploration endeavors.
Furthermore, the Chandrayaan 3 mission has captured the imagination of people around the world,
inspiring a new generation of scientists and engineers. The technological advancements made for this
mission have pushed the boundaries of what is possible in space exploration, and will undoubtedly lead
to further innovations in the field. Overall, the Chandrayaan 3 mission is a testament to India's
commitment to scientific advancement and its place on the global stage.
On 23 August, the Chandrayaan-3 lander module successfully landed on the moon's South pole, making
it the first country to have achieved the historic feat. The country became the fourth– after the US, China,
and Russia – to have successfully landed on the moon's surface
CONCLUSION: -
SPACE CRAFT DESINGN: -

7. Design
Chandrayaan-3 comprises three main components: a propulsion module, lander, and rover.
Propulsion module
The propulsion module carried the lander and rover configuration to a 100-kilometre (62 mi) lunar orbit. It was a box-like structure with a large solar
panel mounted on one side and a cylindrical mounting structure for the lander (the Intermodular Adapter Cone) on top.[
Lander
The Vikram lander was responsible for the soft landing on the Moon. It is also box-shaped, with four landing legs and four landing thrusters capable of
producing 800 newtons of thrust each. It carried the rover and has various scientific instruments to perform on-site analysis.[24][25]
The lander has four
variable-thrust engines with slew rate changing capabilities, unlike Chandrayaan-2's lander, which had five, with the fifth one being centrally mounted
and capable only of fixed thrust. One of the main reasons for Chandrayaan-2's landing failure was attitude increase during the camera coasting phase.
This was removed by allowing the lander to control attitude and thrust during all phases of descent. Attitude correction rate was increased from
Chandrayaan-2's 10°/s to 25°/s with Chandrayaan-3. Additionally, the Chandrayaan-3 lander is equipped with a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) to
allow measuring attitude in three directions.[26][27]
The impact legs were made stronger compared to Chandrayaan-2 and instrumentation redundancy
was improved. It targeted a more precise 16 km2
(6.2 sq mi) landing region based on images provided by the Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC)
onboard Chandrayaan-2's orbiter. ISRO improved the structural rigidity, increased polling in instruments, increased data frequency and transmission,
and added additional multiple contingency systems to improve lander survivability in the event of failure during descent and landing.
Rover
The Pragyan rover is a six-wheeled vehicle with a mass of 26 kilograms (57 pounds). It is 917 by 750 by 397 millimetres (36.1 in × 29.5 in × 15.6 in) in
size.[29]
The rover is expected to take multiple measurements to support research into the composition of the lunar surface, the presence of water ice in
the lunar soil, the history of lunar impacts, and the evolution of the Moon's atmosphere.
Chandrayaan-3 integrated components
Chandrayaan-3 encapsulated
within LVM3's payload fairing
Propulsion module
Lander
Pragyan rover

8. Payloads
On lander
 Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) will measure the thermal conductivity and temperature of the lunar
surface.
 Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) will measure the seismicity around the landing site.
 Langmuir Probe (LP) will estimate the near-surface plasma density over time
On rover
 An alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) will derive the chemical composition and infer the mineralogical composition of the lunar
surface.
 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) will determine the elemental composition (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe) of lunar soil and
rocks around the lunar landing site.
On the propulsion module
Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) will study spectral and polarimetric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit in
the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range (1–1.7 μm). Findings of SHAPE might aid in future exoplanet research and search
for extraterrestrial life.
SPACE CRAFT PAYLOADS:
Chandra's Surface Thermophysical
Experiment (ChaSTE)
Langmuir Probe (RAMBHA-LP)
Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)
Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APSX)
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)
Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)

9. On 23 August 2023, as the lander approached the low point of its orbit, its four engines
fired as a braking manoeuvre at 30 kilometres (19 mi) above the Moon's surface. After
11.5 minutes, the lander was 7.2 km (4.5 miles) above the surface; it maintained this
altitude for about 10 seconds, then stabilized itself using eight smaller thrusters and
rotated from a horizontal to a vertical position while continuing its descent.
It then used two of its four engines to slow its descent to roughly 150 metres (490 ft); it
hovered there for about 30 seconds and located an optimal landing spot before
continuing downward and touching down at 12:33 UTC.
The landing site for the Chandrayaan 3 mission is located in the southern polar region
of the moon. This area was chosen because it has never been explored before and is
believed to contain water ice, which could potentially be used as a resource for future
missions.
In addition, the southern polar region has unique geological features that make it an
ideal location for scientific research. The area contains craters that are permanently
shadowed, which means they have not been exposed to sunlight for billions of years.
These craters are believed to contain valuable information about the history of the moon
and the solar system.
LANDING: -
A PICTURE WHEN
CHANDRAYAAN 3
LAND ON MOON
INDIANS ARE
CELEBRATING
FOR SUCCESS

10. LAUNCH VEHICLE: -
Launch vehicle
LVM3 is configured as a three stage vehicle with
two solid strap-on motors (S200), one liquid core
stage (L110) and a high thrust cryogenic upper stage
(C25). The S200 solid motor is among the largest
solid boosters in the world with 204 tonnes of solid
propellant. The liquid L110 stage uses a twin liquid
engine configuration with 115 tonnes of liquid
propellant, while the C25 Cryogenic upper stage is
configured with the fully indigenous high thrust
cryogenic engine (CE20) with a propellant loading of
28 tons. The overall length of the vehicle is 43.5 m
with a gross lift-off weight of 640 tonnes and a 5m-
diameter payload fairing.
LVM3 is the new heavy lift launch vehicle of ISRO for
achieving a 4000 kg spacecraft launching capability
to GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit) in a cost
effective manner. LVM3 is a three stage launch
vehicle consisting of two solid propellant S200 strap-
ons and core stages comprising of L110 liquid stage,
C25 cryogenic stage, the equipment bay (EB) and
the Encapsulated assembly (EA). EA comprises of
the spacecraft, Payload Adaptor (PLA) and the
Payload fairing (PF). With a lift-off mass of 640 tons,
this 43.5 m tall three-stage launch vehicle gives
ISRO full self-reliance in launching heavier
communication satellites that weigh up to 4000 kg in
GTO. The vehicle takes off with the simultaneous
ignition of the two S200 boosters. The core stage
(L110) is ignited at about 113s through the flight,
during the firing of the S200 stages. Both S200
motors burn for about 134s and the separation occur
at 137s. The payload fairing is separated at an
altitude of 115 km and at about 217s during L110
firing. The L110 burnout and separation and C25
ignition occur at 313s. The spacecraft is injected into
a GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit) orbit of
180x36000 km at a nominal time of 974s.

11. Surface operations
On 3 September, the rover was put into sleep mode after it had completed all of its assignments. Its
batteries were charged and receiver left on, according to ISRO, in preparation for the impending
lunar night. "The rover's payloads are turned off and the data it collected has been transmitted to
Earth via the lander", the statement said. Chandrayaan-3's lander and rover were expected to
operate only for one lunar daylight period, or 14 Earth days, and the on-board electronics were not
designed to withstand the −120 °C (−184 °F) nighttime temperatures on the Moon. On 22
September, the lander and rover missed their wake-up calls, and by 28 September neither had
responded, diminishing hopes for further surface operations.
Vikram fired its engines for a brief 'hop' on the lunar surface on 3 September, ascending 40 cm
(16 in) off the lunar surface and translating a similar distance laterally across the surface. The test
demonstrated capabilities to be used in potential future sample return missions. The instruments and
rover deployment ramp were retracted for the hop and redeployed afterwards.
SURAFCE OPERATION: -

12. Engineering and implementing a lander to land safely and softly on the surface of the Moon.
Observing and demonstrating the rover's driving capabilities on the Moon.
MISSION PROFILE: -

13. Mission life
Propulsion module: Carries lander and rover to 100-by-100-kilometre (62 mi × 62 mi) orbit, with
operation of experimental payload for up to six months.
Lander module: one lunar daylight period (14 Earth days).]
Rover module: one lunar daylight period (14 Earth days).
MISSION LIFE: -
Chandrayaan-3, which softly landed on
the lunar south pole on August 23, 2023,
has been operating on the Moon for over
a week. With the successful landing of
Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander on the
Moon’s south pole, India became the first
country in the world to softly land a
spacecraft on the lunar south pole. About
four hours after the historic touchdown,
the Pragyan rover rolled out of the Vikram
lander. The lander and the rover began
operations the day after the landing. In
just a week, the payloads onboard Vikram
and Pragyan have made groundbreaking
scientific discoveries.
Both the spacecraft have a mission
duration of 14 days, and are halfway
through their mission life. They are
transmitting data back to Earth through
the Indian Space Research
Organisation’s (ISRO) Deep Space
Antenna Networks.

14. In December 2019, ISRO requested the initial funding of the project, amounting
to ₹75 crore (US$9.4 million), out of which ₹600 million (US$7.5 million) would be for meeting expenditure
towards machinery, equipment, and other capital expenditure, while the remaining ₹150
million (US$1.9 million) was sought for operating expenditure. Amit Sharma, CEO of an ISRO vendor,
said, "With local sourcing of equipment and design elements, we are able to reduce the price
considerably."
Confirming the existence of the project, ISRO's former chairman K. Sivan stated that the estimated cost
would be around ₹615 crore (equivalent to ₹721 crore or US$90 million in 2023).
The budget for the Chandrayaan 3 mission is an impressive feat of financial planning and management.
At a total cost of approximately $91 million, it is significantly less expensive than other space missions,
such as NASA's Mars Curiosity rover, which had a price tag of over $2.5 billion. Despite this lower
budget, the Chandrayaan 3 mission is still expected to make significant contributions to our
understanding of the moon and its environment.
One reason for the lower cost of the Chandrayaan 3 mission is the use of indigenous technology. The
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has developed much of the technology used in the mission
in-house, which has helped to keep costs down. Additionally, the use of a previously developed launch
vehicle, the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), has also helped to reduce costs. Overall,
the Chandrayaan 3 mission represents a remarkable achievement in cost-effective space exploration.
BUDGET: -

15. Team
1. ISRO chairman: S. Somanath
2. Mission Director: S. Mohana Kumar
3. Associate Mission Director: G. Narayanan
4. Project Director: P. Veeramuthuvel
5. Associate Project Director: Kalpana Kalahasti
6. Vehicle Director: Biju C. Thomas
TEAM: -
REFRENCES: -
NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission:
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/main/index.html
ISRO's Chandrayaan-2 mission: https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home-0.