Powerpoint about Chandrayaan 3 and comparison to earlier missions Chandrayaan1 and Chandrayaan 2

1. By : Rakhee Kaushal

3. The Chandrayaan-3 mission will be launched
into space by the Launch Vehicle Mark-III,
(LVM-III).
After launching into an orbit around the Earth at
an altitude of 179 km on Friday, the spacecraft
will
• gradually increase its orbit in a series of
manoeuvres to escape the Earth’s gravity
and
• slingshot towards the moon.
• After reaching close to the moon, the
spacecraft will need to be captured by its
gravity.
• Once that happens, another series of
manoeuvres will reduce the orbit of the
spacecraft to a 100×100 km circular one.
• Thereafter, the lander, which carries the

4. Mission
Why South Pole?
August 23 was the start of one lunar day/night cycle, which was
why that date was picked as the landing date.
August 27 : If Vikram failed to touch down on that day, ISRO had a
back-up plan - land on August 27.
If there was still no touch down (and the lander was undamaged),
ISRO reportedly planned to try again 29 days later - after a full
day/night cycle on the moon.
Landing Date

5. Challenges
of
South Pole

9. The images were captured on Saturday by Lander Position Detection
Camera (LPDC) from an altitude of about 70 km. The camera helps the
lander module determine its position by matching them against an
onboard moon reference map

10. • The Chandrayaan-3 lander is expected to transfer its high-speed
horizontal position to a vertical one in an attempt to make a soft
landing on the Moon
• Lander will try to land on the Moon's surface from a height of 30
km on August 23, and its velocity at that time will be 1.68 km/sec.
• Focus will be on reducing that speed because Moon's gravitational
force will also play its part. If we don't control that speed, there will
be chances of crash landing.
• If any health parameter (of the lander module) is found abnormal
on August 23, then we will postpone the landing to August 27
.
LANDER

12. After Chandrayaan-2 failed in its soft landing mission, K Sivan, then chairman of ISRO, described this process
as “15 minutes of terror” for them.
Chandrayaan-2
• lost control over its descent around 7.2 km from the surface of the Moon
• Its communications system relayed data of the loss of control up to around 400 m above the surface
• The Lander had slowed down to about 580 km/hr when it crashed.
• While Vikram was supposed to lose most of its velocity by the time it was 400m from the lunar surface,
system errors led to it having a high velocity, resulting in a crash.
• Its Orbiter functioned well and was able to gather data
Chandrayaan 2 : What Went Wrong?

13. • Payloads on the lander and rover remain the same as the last mission.
• Landing site of the latest mission is more or less the same as the Chandrayaan-2: near the
south pole of the moon at 70 degrees latitude
• Prospective landing site had its range increased, this time. Instead of trying to reach a specific
500mx500m patch for landing as targeted by Chandrayaan-2, the current mission was given
instructions to land safely anywhere in a 4kmx2.4km area.
• Chandrayaan-3 Lander carried more fuel than Chandrayaan-2. This was done to ensure that the
Lander is able to make a last-minute change in its landing site if it needs to.
• Chandrayaan-3 Lander has solar panels on four sides, instead of only two in Chandrayaan-2.
This was to ensure that the Lander continued to draw solar power, even if it landed in a wrong
direction, or tumbled over. At least one or two of its sides would always be facing the Sun, and
remain active.
Chandrayaan 3 : Changes made

14. What Happens to Vikram Lander, Pragyan Rover After 14 Days?
• Vikram and Pragyan will have 14 days only before night falls on the Moon.
• After 14 Earth days, the Moon will have a night that will last another 14 Earth days. During this time the rover may not be
fully functional as there is no solar power and, more importantly, night temperatures can reach a destructive -208 degrees
Fahrenheit or - 133 degrees Celsius and the rover, the lander and the payloads will likely have severe trouble operating.
• During this time, the rover will be touch with the lander and that will relay data back to ISRO's mission command centre.
ISRO will have no direct link with the rover for this period.
So What Happens To The Lunar Modules After Mission Completion?
• Neither the Vikram lander nor the Pragyan rover will return to Earth - despite what some Indian lawmakers may believe. And
neither will the propulsion module that delivered them.
• On completion of their respective experiments both the lander and rover will remain on the Moon. They will not be functional
during the lunar night and while there is no plan to revive them after that period, ISRO is hopeful both will survive the long night
and start up again.

15. Thank You