Pakistan faces many challenges in formulating its foreign policy including maintaining good relations with neighboring countries like India, Afghanistan, and Iran while countering threats from global powers. Key issues include the Kashmir dispute with India, countering terrorism, navigating relations with the US regarding drone strikes and the war in Afghanistan, and maximizing benefits from partnerships like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor while addressing Indian opposition. Pakistan aims to pursue cooperative relations globally while protecting its sovereignty and national interests in a challenging geopolitical environment.

2. Topic
•Challenges of Pakistan foreign
policy

3. Group members
• Raja Saqib Naveed (0003)
• Ameir Muaviya (0014)
• Azhar Hafeez (0026)
• Umar Khalid (0034)
• Muhammad Usman Shah (0025)

4. Contents
• What is Foreign policy?
• Introduction
• Co-existence
• Relations with India
• Policies with Iran
• Pakistan’s nuclear program
• Kashmir Issue and Nuclearisation in South Asia
• Islamic unity
• Globalization an Emerging Threat to Foreign Policy of Pakistan
• Anti-terrorism Movement
• Drone Attacks
• Afghan Issue
• CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor)

5. What is Foreign policy
• It is a government strategy to deal with other nation

6. Introduction
• No country in the world can live in isolation, hence, in the independent
world foreign policy holds a significance place. A country without
Foreign policy is like a ship without radar which drifts aimlessly in the
water.
• Pakistan is situated on a hot line where world supply line passed.
Pakistan is the member of OIC and Non NATO alliance against
terrorism. Pakistan is world’s 42nd largest GDP and 25th largest
purchasing power of the world
• To understand the country foreign policy we need to start with the
circumstance from the beginning

7. Challenges of Pakistan foreign
policy
As every country in the world facing problems or challenges
to form their foreign policy. To formulate foreign policy,
Pakistan faces such challenges that are as follow

8. Co-existence
• Pakistan supports the idea of living together with peace and Pakistan
cultivating good relation with China which is dis-like by Afghanistan
and India. USA didn’t like to see Pakistan as a developing country
they tries to do terrorism activities in Pakistan so the China didn’t
create a good relation with Pakistan. This is the biggest challenge to
Pakistan that they do co-existence with the countries while other
countries like India and America

9. Relations with India
• From the independence of Pakistan (1947) to till now the relation between
India and Pakistan if going toward hostility.
• The relation between violent due to numerous of factors that develop a bad
relation with them. This is mainly due to the division of sub-continent,
that’s why the peace full co-existent is diminished.
• Both countries having the atomic power and India influences its power
toward the united nation and USA also support to do so.
• The conflict of Kashmir between the two countries is creating bad effect in
the relation between them.
• India also cause the disturbance in the border attached with the Pakistan that
issues and affect the relation between the countries in bad stages.
• The Kashmir issue, the main and common problem that we face now days is
the Kashmir problem between the two countries.

10. Policies with Iran
• Pakistan and Iran are enjoying a friendly relation between each other’s.
Both countries have batter relation to develop peace in the world. As of the
same religion of Muslim both countries protect each other in different
prospective. Both are helping each other in diplomatic, politically and as
well as financial supported to each other.
• At the beginning, Iran help the Pakistan in different situation even in Indo-
Pak war and provide aid in any of the disaster. The challenge’s among the
nations is to develop better relation between them self. The most of the
project that work out by the help of Iran in Pakistan is main of the Gas
pipeline in the Pakistan. As both having good relation and neighboring
country have move toward the betterment.
• The trade between Iran and Pakistan is of many goods and also help each
other in different problems

11. Pakistan’s nuclear program
• Pakistan become nuclear country in 1998 after a lot of difficulties because the
campaign of US which is against the countries who are making weapons for mass
destruction. As the beginning US is against of Pakistan being an Islamic state so
there are number of problems faced by Pakistan. There are some of the reports of
US intelligence official are quoting that Pakistan supplied nuclear technology to
North Korea.

12. Kashmir Issue and Nuclearisation in South
Asia
• The issue of Kashmir and nuclearisation is a great challenge of Pakistan
Foreign policy. Pakistan and India fought wars of 1956, 1971 and 1999 of
Kargil and in 1998 on the issue of Kashmir. The relationship between
Pakistan and India is based on security dilemma this make both the states
nuclear power. Both state fought several war against them but the main
conflict of Kashmir is remain undo for these war was held. The conflict of
Kashmir is an unfinished business. In south Asian region there is a civil deal
that are great concern by the Pakistani point of view because this deals can
unstabilized the balance of power in south Asia,
• “Pakistan opposes the deal on the grounds that it would lead to a new
nuclear arms race in South Asia; would undermine the global non-
proliferation regime; and that it “does not accept discriminatory treatment”
and would have preferred a “package deal” that accommodates the energy
security interests of both India and Pakistan.”

13. Islamic unity
• Pakistan support the idea of Islamic unity but it is also a great
challenge to the Pakistan Foreign policy because Afghanistan
India and America create a bad image of Pakistan and
Muslims all over the world and also blamed that the attack on
world trade center 9/11 incidence to Muslim community that
create a bad image on other countries and India also against
to the Muslims. India and America didn’t want that there is a
Islamic unity so that was a great challenge that Pakistan is
facing

14. Globalization an Emerging Threat to Foreign
Policy of Pakistan
• For under developed countries this is the challenge rather than
opportunity. In globalization only for those countries that are
politically and economically strong can survive in this kind of world.
Every nation have their own principles according to their national
interests to formulate and execute the foreign policy keeping in view
challenges and opportunities that foreign politics provides. There are
principles of monetary policy, fiscal transparency insurance and
payment system, securities, corporate, governance and the entire draw
up of other fields. To overcome this challenge Pakistan must take steps
to flourish the economic performance and stabilized the political
system. In south Asia where India is involve not only in arm race but
also contribute in economic system and compete the nations in region
and world.

15. Anti-terrorism Movement
Pakistan was sanctioned country in the world and it supported US to
fight against terrorism. Amil Kansi and Ramzi yusuf these person are
involved in the terrorist community so Pakistan has decided that these
two people were handed to the US to avoid any terrorism activities. On
incidence of 9/11 Pakistan has a great influence from US so Pakistani
government decided to corporate with US and shared long border to
attack on Afghanistan and India started action against terrorism in
Kashmir and Pakistan accused of terrorism activities in Kashmir and
India. When US attack on Iraq Delhi war against on Iraq and pretext to
attack on Pakistan. So Pakistan faced a lot of Challenges.

16. Drone Attacks
• Drone attack is also a challenge of Pakistan Foreign policy
but it is a singular challenge for Pakistan after the terrorism.
There are two school of thoughts on the drone attack.
• One’s says that it was a government agreement that strike by
CIA to kill Tehreek-e-Taliban (a terrorist group) from the
country. On the other hand the point of view is that to
violence of Pakistan sovereignty and kill lot of innocent
people

17. Afghan Issue
• During cold war Russia invaded Afghanistan, with the help of Pakistan
America defeated Russia in Afghanistan which ends the destructions
of Soviet Union (USSR). This creates huge political and economic
vacuum in Afghanistan which also have negative impact on Pakistan
in terms of Afghan refugees. After 9/11 America invaded Afghanistan
again to destroy the terrorism which they cultivate during cold war.
Both nations Pakistan and Afghanistan facing the same situations
especially in terms of terrorism and instability in states. Indian
influence in Afghanistan creates flaw for Pakistan Foreign policy.

18. CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor)
There are three parts of one belt one roads exist in the world
first one is northern corridor from Beijing to London through
train and the second one is central corridor from Shanghai to
Paris the third part is kashgir to Gawadar which is China
Pakistan economic corridor India have problems with CPEC
they claiming in news that Gilgit Baltistan is there area.
Pakistan is getting benefit of it which is unbeneficial for India
China is making Industries in Pakistan which is helpful for
both China and Pakistan but India is not happy they are
creating problems.

19. Conclusion
• The Foreign policy of Pakistan is directly influenced by military and intelligence
agencies of the country which causes failure for democratic governments and lack
of political leadership. The biggest cause of failure in Pakistan foreign policy is
too dependent in terms of economy and military assistance on super power
countries specially America. Pakistan have insufficient ability to produce
electricity according to demand. Pakistan can see towards central Asian states to
fulfill the demand of electric supply in summer season because these states have
extra power generation capacity in summer seasons while Pakistan faces excessive
demand in this season but Pakistan unable to take indicative due to foreign
influence.