Challenges faced by farmers due to environmental changes ..

1. Challenges faced by farmers due
to environmental changes
Submitted by
Abdun Nur
Roll : A02
Reg : 12000178
Section : M2002
Submitted to
Dr. Ravichandran
Prof: Lovely Professional University
Sub : CHE110
Assignment-01

2. INTRODUCTION
One of the major challenges facing human is to provide an
good standard of living for present and future generations:
proper food, water, energy, safe shelter and a healthy
environment. But, global environmental issues such as land
degradation, loss of biodiversity, ozone layer depletion along
with human-induced climate change, threatens our ability to
meet the basic human needs.

3. Climate-Change
Climate change refers to the long-term
changes in the climate that occur over
decades, centuries or longer. It is caused
by rapidly increasing greenhouse gases in
the Earth’s atmosphere due primarily to
burning fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, and
natural gas).
These heat-trapping gases are warming
the Earth and the Oceans resulting in
rising sea levels, changes in storm
patterns, altered ocean currents, changes
in rainfall, melting snow and ice, more
extreme heat events, fires, and drought.
These impacts are projected to continue
and in some cases, intensify, affecting
human health, infrastructure, forests,
agriculture, freshwater supplies,
coastlines, and marine systems.

4. Unpredictable Monsoon
Dependent on Rainfall. Agricultural production is
heavily tied to the quality of the monsoon rains,
which only arrive for about four months of the year.
Farmers state that the monsoon rains have become
increasingly unpredictable over the past two decades,
both in the total amount of rain that falls in a given
year and the timing of rainfall. This makes it difficult
for farmers to decide which crops are best to plant in
order to get the highest yields during the monsoon
season.

5. Heavy rains and landslides in Bangladesh kill 90.
BBC NEWS -27 June 2012
Heavy rains causing multiple landslides over the past three days have killed at least 90
people in south-east Bangladesh, officials say.
Officials are describing it as the worst monsoon rainfall in years in the Chittagong region.
Chittagong is the second largest city of Bangladesh.
At least 150,000 people have also been stranded by the floods, officials say.
Rescue operations are continuing but rain is hampering efforts. Flights to Chittagong airport
have been cancelled.
Most rail links have also been suspended after a railway bridge collapsed. Days of heavy
rain have caused mud banks to collapse, burying houses and blocking roads.
Those killed were drowned in flash floods, hit by landslides, struck by lightning or buried by
wall collapses.
Many homeless people live at the foot of the hills or close to them despite warnings from
the authorities about the danger of landslides.
Chittagong port received 40cm (15.75in) of rain in a single 12-hour period on Tuesday. The
BBC's Anbarasan Ethirajan in Dhaka says that dozens of people are still missing and the
death toll is expected to increase.
Our correspondent says that the downpours have flooded vast areas of the city, displacing
thousands of people.

7. Degradation of land is a vital issue throughout the world with the particular
references to Bangladesh as it a threat to agricultural productivity. Agroforestry,
a land use system is being popular in many countries to protect the land from
various types of degradation. Studies have proved that agroforestry can check
soil erosion to some extent, increase soil fertility, reduce salinity, alkalinity,
acidity and desertification etc. ultimately improve soil health which keep the
land suitable for agricultural production. The article has drawn on the basis of
various reviews focusing the land degradation situation of Bangladesh and
potentialities of agroforsetry
The soil system responds to the short-term events such asepisodic infiltration of
rainfall and also undergoes long-term changes such asphysical and chemical weathering
due to climatic change. The potential changes in the soil forming factors directly
resulting from global climate change would be in the organic matter supply,
temperature regimes, hydrology and changes in the potential evapo- transpiration.It
will diminish in a warmer soil temperature regime. Drier soil conditions will suppress
both root growth and decomposition of organic matter and will increase
vulnerability to erosion. Increased evaporation from the soil and accelerated
transpiration from the plants themselveswillcausesoil moisture stress
Soil Degradation

8. Land degradation, desertification, agroforestry.

9. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that
begins when like compounds
Compounds and compounds
Sulfur dioxide. These substances can rise very high
into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with
knows as acid rain,

11. This is particularly true of major drought
in regions such as southern &
Dhaka, northern Jamalpur, Rajshahi,
Sylet, Jessore,
Noakhali,
Gazipur and
Khulna,,.

12. Agricultural
drought accounts
for the water needs
of crops during
different growing
stages. For
instance, not
enough moisture at
planting may
hinder germination,
leading to low
plant populations
and a reduction in
yield.

14. Natural Beauty

15. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable country to Climate change and CC
impacts will be enormous in the coming near future | Livelihood support and
employment opportunity for the poor and ultra poor will be drastically
reduced particularly for the vulnerable areas | For making country climate
resilient up to 2050 Bangladesh needs huge investment | In BCCSAP -2009
44 programs and in NAPA 45 adaptation options is identified. For
implementation of adaptation options the country will need to invest a lot of
money. As Bangladesh invested over 10 billion USD for the last three decades
to make the country more climate resilient. For implementation of BCCSAP
Bangladesh will need 5 billion USD for the first five years. So adaptation
activities will create some employment opportunities. | Bangladesh should
prepare itself for the proper implementation of BCCSAP and NAPA | Policy
and planning support needed to generate sector specific and need based
human resources. | Capacity building | Institutional mechanism | Diplomatic
and negotiation skill should be enhanced to get the financial and technical
support to meet the adaptation needs.
CONCLUSION