Ch31
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•379 views
This document discusses IPv6 and ICMPv6, the next generation internet protocols. It covers IPv6 addressing formats, the IPv6 packet format including extension headers, the functions of ICMPv6 including error reporting and neighbor discovery, and strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 including running both protocols simultaneously. The document includes over 50 figures illustrating aspects of IPv6 and ICMPv6.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![CONTENTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Ch02
The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and how each layer adds headers or trailers to data being exchanged. It then explains the four layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite and how they map to the OSI layers. The document also covers addressing in TCP/IP, including physical, internet, and port addresses.
Ch 18
This document discusses virtual circuit switching technologies including Frame Relay and ATM. It covers the phases of virtual circuit switching including setup, data transfer, and teardown. Frame Relay architecture is examined including its layers and use of DLCIs to identify virtual circuits. ATM is also summarized, including its use of fixed-size cells, multiplexing techniques, and architecture using virtual paths and connections defined by VPI and VCI numbers. The layers of both Frame Relay and ATM are depicted along with their addressing and encapsulation methods.
Ipv6 1-091110143246-phpapp01
The document discusses IPv6 addressing and configuration, including IPv6 address formats and types, stateless address autoconfiguration, neighbor discovery, and security considerations for neighbor discovery. IPv6 aims to provide a huge number of addresses, simpler header format, and new features like anycast addresses and extension headers, while neighbor discovery handles tasks like address autoconfiguration and duplicate address detection without ARP.
IPv6 header
This document provides an overview of the IPv6 header based on Chapter 4 of the book "Understanding IPv6, Third Edition". It describes the components of an IPv6 packet including the IPv6 header, extension headers, and upper-layer protocol data unit. The IPv6 header is a fixed size of 40 bytes and contains fields for version, traffic class, flow label, payload length, next header, hop limit, source address, and destination address. Extension headers can be added after the IPv6 header and are used to expand IPv6's capabilities. The IPv6 header was designed to be more efficient than IPv4 by reducing the number of required fields and moving seldom-used fields to extension headers.
IPv6
The document provides an overview of IPv6, including its key features and advantages over IPv4. It discusses IPv6 addressing formats and transition mechanisms from IPv4 to IPv6. IPv6 has a 128-bit address space compared to IPv4's 32-bit, allowing for many more addresses. It also supports features like autoconfiguration, mobility, and security that are improvements over IPv4. Transition techniques like dual stacking, tunneling, and translation allow IPv6 and IPv4 networks to interconnect during the transition period.
IPv6 Overview
1) The document provides an overview of IPv6 including why it was developed, its key features and improvements over IPv4 such as a vastly larger address space, more efficient routing and security features built into the protocol.
2) It describes IPv6 addressing in detail including the different address types (unicast, multicast, anycast), address formats, interface identifiers and address autoconfiguration.
3) The header format, extension headers for optional information, and new fields for quality of service and flow identification are explained in comparison to IPv4.
4) Protocols for neighbor discovery, multicast listener discovery, and address resolution that replace functions in IPv4 are outlined.
Chap 27 next generation i pv6
The document discusses IPv6 and ICMPv6, including their advantages over IPv4, address formats, header formats, extension headers, and differences from IPv4. It also covers three strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6: dual stack, tunneling, and header translation.
Introduction to ipv6 v1.3
The document provides an overview of IPv6 including:
- Limitations of IPv4 that IPv6 addresses such as limited address space and lack of security.
- Key features of IPv6 like a larger 128-bit address space, simpler header format, and built-in security.
- Protocols that support IPv6 functionality like Neighbor Discovery Protocol, Path MTU Discovery, and stateless and stateful address autoconfiguration.
Recommended
Ch02
The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and how each layer adds headers or trailers to data being exchanged. It then explains the four layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite and how they map to the OSI layers. The document also covers addressing in TCP/IP, including physical, internet, and port addresses.
Ch 18
This document discusses virtual circuit switching technologies including Frame Relay and ATM. It covers the phases of virtual circuit switching including setup, data transfer, and teardown. Frame Relay architecture is examined including its layers and use of DLCIs to identify virtual circuits. ATM is also summarized, including its use of fixed-size cells, multiplexing techniques, and architecture using virtual paths and connections defined by VPI and VCI numbers. The layers of both Frame Relay and ATM are depicted along with their addressing and encapsulation methods.
Ipv6 1-091110143246-phpapp01
The document discusses IPv6 addressing and configuration, including IPv6 address formats and types, stateless address autoconfiguration, neighbor discovery, and security considerations for neighbor discovery. IPv6 aims to provide a huge number of addresses, simpler header format, and new features like anycast addresses and extension headers, while neighbor discovery handles tasks like address autoconfiguration and duplicate address detection without ARP.
IPv6 header
This document provides an overview of the IPv6 header based on Chapter 4 of the book "Understanding IPv6, Third Edition". It describes the components of an IPv6 packet including the IPv6 header, extension headers, and upper-layer protocol data unit. The IPv6 header is a fixed size of 40 bytes and contains fields for version, traffic class, flow label, payload length, next header, hop limit, source address, and destination address. Extension headers can be added after the IPv6 header and are used to expand IPv6's capabilities. The IPv6 header was designed to be more efficient than IPv4 by reducing the number of required fields and moving seldom-used fields to extension headers.
IPv6
The document provides an overview of IPv6, including its key features and advantages over IPv4. It discusses IPv6 addressing formats and transition mechanisms from IPv4 to IPv6. IPv6 has a 128-bit address space compared to IPv4's 32-bit, allowing for many more addresses. It also supports features like autoconfiguration, mobility, and security that are improvements over IPv4. Transition techniques like dual stacking, tunneling, and translation allow IPv6 and IPv4 networks to interconnect during the transition period.
IPv6 Overview
1) The document provides an overview of IPv6 including why it was developed, its key features and improvements over IPv4 such as a vastly larger address space, more efficient routing and security features built into the protocol.
2) It describes IPv6 addressing in detail including the different address types (unicast, multicast, anycast), address formats, interface identifiers and address autoconfiguration.
3) The header format, extension headers for optional information, and new fields for quality of service and flow identification are explained in comparison to IPv4.
4) Protocols for neighbor discovery, multicast listener discovery, and address resolution that replace functions in IPv4 are outlined.
Chap 27 next generation i pv6
The document discusses IPv6 and ICMPv6, including their advantages over IPv4, address formats, header formats, extension headers, and differences from IPv4. It also covers three strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6: dual stack, tunneling, and header translation.
Introduction to ipv6 v1.3
The document provides an overview of IPv6 including:
- Limitations of IPv4 that IPv6 addresses such as limited address space and lack of security.
- Key features of IPv6 like a larger 128-bit address space, simpler header format, and built-in security.
- Protocols that support IPv6 functionality like Neighbor Discovery Protocol, Path MTU Discovery, and stateless and stateful address autoconfiguration.
Unit_3_TCP_UDP.ppt
The transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery using protocols like UDP and TCP. UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not provide reliability, while TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented stream delivery using mechanisms like sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control and error control. TCP establishes connections using a three-way handshake and closes connections through a four-step termination process.
20CS2008 Computer Networks
Module 4
Network layer
Router architecture, IPv4 addressing, IPv6 addressing, IPv4, Transition from IPv4 to IPv6, ICMP, Unicast routing protocols
ch19new.ppt
This document provides an overview of IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It discusses IPv4 address formats and notation, address classes, classful and classless addressing, subnetting, and private addressing. It also covers Network Address Translation (NAT). For IPv6, the document describes the 128-bit address format, address types including unicast and multicast, and reserved addresses. Examples are provided for converting between address notations, identifying address classes, subnetting address blocks, and expanding abbreviated IPv6 addresses.
DomainNamingServer and its objectives.ppt
it comes under computer networks and distributed system.it explains how a domain name is converted to a ip address and how to tackle when using distributed system .
1. (TCO 6) An address that identifies an application at the trans.docx
1. (TCO 6) An address that identifies an application at the transport layer is: (Points : 5)
ARP
IP
MAC
Port Address
Question 2. 2. (TCO 6) The Pv4 address range 169.254.0.0/16 is reserved for: (Points : 5)
Link-Local addresses
Loopback addresses
Broadcast addresses
Addresses for self-identification
Question 3. 3. (TCO 6) The first four bits of the IPv4 addresses reserved for research are: (Points : 5)
0000
1000
1110
1111
Question 4. 4. (TCO 6) To determine how many digits are used for the network identifier in an IPv4 address, you must look at the: (Points : 5)
subnet mask
binary mask
MAC mask
TCP/IP mask
Question 5. 5. (TCO 6) Which one of the following IPv4 addresses cannot be used as the destination address in an IPv4 packet? (Points : 5)
12.0.0.0/8
12.0.0.1/8
12.5.5.5/8
12.255.255.254/8
Question 6. 6. (TCO 6) Number of addresses in the IPv4 address block 193.17.8.128/25 is: (Points : 5)
25
256
128
none of the above
Question 7. 7. (TCO 6) The subnet mask for the address block 163.248.248.0/21 is: (Points : 5)
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.255.21
Question 8. 8. (TCO 6) Which one of the following subnets does the IPv4 address 154.180.0.58 255.255.255.248 belong to? (Points : 5)
154.180.0.0/29
154.180.0.32/29
154.180.0.48/29
154.180.0.56/29
Question 9. 9. (TCO 6) One of the nodes in a broadcast domain is assigned the IPv4 address 152.165.113.126/21. Which one of the following IPv4 addresses cannot be assigned to any of the other nodes in the same broadcast domain? (Points : 5)
152.165.115.254/21
192.168.118.160/21
192.168.111.253/21
192.168.117.158/21
Question 10. 10. (TCO 6) What is the maximum number of subnets with 255.255.255.248 mask in a class C network? (Points : 5)
5
8
32
64
Question 11. 11. (TCO 6) The protocol used to map IP addresses to their physical addresses is: (Points : 5)
IP Addressing
ARP
RARP
CIDR
Question 12. 12. (TCO 6) The IP header has a minimum length of: (Points : 5)
5 bytes
15 bytes
20 bytes
none of the above
Question 13. 13. (TCO 6) The TTL keeps track of ____________ to decide whether a datagram is discarded. (Points : 5)
Time
Message size
Fragments
Number of routers passed through
Question 14. 14. (TCO 7) All of the following apply to ICMP EXCEPT: (Points : 5)
It is a Layer 3 protocol
It is a routable protocol
It compensates for IP’s connectionless messaging drawback
It is independent of the IP header
Question 15. 15. (TCO 7) All of the following are ICMP error-reporting messages EXCEPT: (Points : 5)
Protocol mismatch error
...
Ch19
This document provides an overview of IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It discusses the structure of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, including the length of each address and common notations. It describes IPv4 classful and classless addressing, including CIDR notation. It also covers network address translation (NAT) and private IPv4 addresses. For IPv6, the document outlines the larger address space and expanded addressing capabilities compared to IPv4. Key topics include IPv6 address formats, types of IPv6 addresses, and reserved address blocks.
Transport layer
This document discusses and compares three transport layer protocols: UDP, TCP, and SCTP. It provides details on the services, features, header formats, and operation of each protocol. UDP is a connectionless and unreliable protocol that uses a simple 8-byte header with fields for source/destination ports and length. TCP is connection-oriented and reliable, using sequence numbers and acknowledgments to ensure delivery. It establishes connections for data transfer and teardown. SCTP combines features of UDP and TCP, with support for multiple streams, multihoming, and reliability.
Network
The document discusses network layer concepts including addressing, routing, and fragmentation in computer networks. It covers:
1) Hierarchical addressing schemes like CIDR are used to allow routing scalability through aggregation. This involves dividing IP addresses into a network and host portion.
2) Routers use longest prefix matching on IP addresses and routing tables to determine how to forward packets between networks.
3) Fragmentation allows transmission of packets across heterogeneous networks with different MTUs by splitting packets into pieces that are reassembled at the destination.
Network.pptx
The document discusses network layer concepts in computer networks including:
1. Network layer functions like routing packets between networks and addressing challenges of representing host addresses and routing packets across multiple hops.
2. IP addressing schemes including class-based addressing, CIDR, and subnetting to allow for hierarchical and scalable addressing in large networks.
3. Key aspects of the IP protocol including the IP header fields, IP fragmentation to allow transmission across networks with different MTUs, and reassembly of fragments at the destination.
Network.pptx
The document discusses network layer concepts including addressing, routing, and fragmentation in computer networks. It covers:
1) Hierarchical addressing schemes like CIDR are used to allow routing scalability through aggregation. This involves dividing IP addresses into a network and host portion.
2) Routers use longest prefix matching to determine how to forward packets to their destinations based on routing table entries with network prefixes.
3) Fragmentation allows transmission of packets across heterogeneous networks with different MTU sizes by splitting packets into smaller fragments that are reassembled at the destination.
rip, ospf 13-14
The document discusses several routing protocols used in TCP/IP networks, including RIP, OSPF, and BGP. It begins by distinguishing between intra-domain routing within an autonomous system and inter-domain routing between autonomous systems. It then covers the distance vector routing protocol RIP, the link state routing protocol OSPF used for intra-domain routing, and the path vector routing protocol BGP used for inter-domain routing. For each it discusses the routing algorithm, packet formats, and other implementation details.
Chapter 19: Logical Addressing
The document discusses IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It covers the following topics for IPv4 addresses: they are 32-bit addresses that uniquely identify devices; notation formats (binary, dotted-decimal); address space of 232; classes A-E; classful vs classless addressing; subnet masking; and network address translation (NAT). It also discusses IPv6 addresses: they are 128-bit to address depletion issues; notation formats (hexadecimal, abbreviated); and address types/prefixes (unicast, multicast, etc.).
19 Network Layer_Logical_Addressing
The document discusses IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It covers the following topics for IPv4 addresses: they are 32-bit addresses that uniquely identify devices; notation formats (binary, dotted-decimal); address space of 232; classes A-E; classful vs classless addressing; network address translation (NAT). It also discusses IPv6 addresses: they are 128-bit to address depletion issues; notation formats (hexadecimal, abbreviated); address types (unicast, multicast, etc.).
subnetting
Subnetting allows a network to be logically divided into subnetworks (subnets) to help reduce traffic and conceal complexity. It improves network speed, security, and efficiency by reducing congestion. Subnetting a /26 network that contains 64 addresses into subnets of 32, 16, and 16 addresses requires masks of /27, /28, and /28 respectively. An IPv4 address consists of four octets while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses typically written in hexadecimal. The IPv4 header contains fields for version, header length, protocol, source/destination addresses while IPv6 simplified the fixed length header and removed fragmentation.
IPV6.ppt
This document provides an introduction to IPv6, including:
- IPv4 is running out of addresses due to its 32-bit size, while IPv6 uses a 128-bit address which provides vastly more addresses.
- IPv6 features include larger addresses, more efficient headers, extension headers for additional functions, and stateless autoconfiguration to simplify address assignment.
- Key changes from IPv4 include larger and more hierarchical addresses, removal of optional fields and checksums, and addition of traffic class and flow label fields.
Ramakant tyagi presentation on ip addressing
The document discusses IP addressing and IPv6. It defines what an IP address is, how it is written in dotted decimal notation, and its structure including the network prefix and host number. It describes problems with the original IP address classification scheme and how subnetting and CIDR addressed these. It also summarizes IPv6, including its 128-bit address size which vastly increases the available address space compared to IPv4.
Ch16
This document contains an overview of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and related concepts, including figures illustrating ISDN services, communication over analog telephone networks, ISDN layers, Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI) specifications, framing, addressing, bit rates, and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) services and accesses.
Ch16
This document discusses Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), including figures showing ISDN services, voice and data communication over analog telephone networks, ISDN layers, basic rate interface and primary rate interface, protocols, addressing, bit rates, and broadband ISDN services and accesses.
Ch11
The document discusses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) which provides a simple transport layer allowing processes to send messages called datagrams to other processes. UDP operates above IP and below transport protocols like TCP. It uses port numbers and IP addresses to deliver datagrams to the correct processes. UDP includes a checksum to detect errors but does not establish connections or guarantee delivery like TCP. The document provides examples of how UDP uses a control block table and queue numbers to deliver incoming datagrams to the proper processes.
Ipv6
This document discusses IPv6 addressing and how it differs from IPv4 addressing. Some key points:
- IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long compared to 32 bits for IPv4, represented by 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons.
- IPv6 address space is huge, with 2^128 possible addresses compared to 2^32 for IPv4.
- IPv6 addresses support zero compression where consecutive fields of zeros can be represented by double colon.
- Common IPv6 addresses include loopback of ::1, unspecified address of ::, and site-local and link-local addresses have specific prefixes.
Ch30
This document discusses private networks, virtual private networks (VPNs), and network address translation (NAT). It includes sections on private networks, VPNs with figures illustrating a private network, hybrid network, VPN tunneling and addressing. NAT is also covered with figures showing how NAT works by translating IP addresses.
Ch29
This document discusses various aspects of internet security including privacy, digital signatures, security at different layers of the internet protocol stack, and firewalls. It covers symmetric and public key encryption methods for privacy, how digital signatures can provide authentication without privacy, and security protocols at the application layer like PGP and the transport layer like TLS. It also discusses security at the network/IP layer using IPsec and types of firewalls like packet-filter and proxy firewalls that operate at different layers.
More Related Content
Similar to Ch31
Unit_3_TCP_UDP.ppt
The transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery using protocols like UDP and TCP. UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not provide reliability, while TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented stream delivery using mechanisms like sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control and error control. TCP establishes connections using a three-way handshake and closes connections through a four-step termination process.
20CS2008 Computer Networks
Module 4
Network layer
Router architecture, IPv4 addressing, IPv6 addressing, IPv4, Transition from IPv4 to IPv6, ICMP, Unicast routing protocols
ch19new.ppt
This document provides an overview of IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It discusses IPv4 address formats and notation, address classes, classful and classless addressing, subnetting, and private addressing. It also covers Network Address Translation (NAT). For IPv6, the document describes the 128-bit address format, address types including unicast and multicast, and reserved addresses. Examples are provided for converting between address notations, identifying address classes, subnetting address blocks, and expanding abbreviated IPv6 addresses.
DomainNamingServer and its objectives.ppt
it comes under computer networks and distributed system.it explains how a domain name is converted to a ip address and how to tackle when using distributed system .
1. (TCO 6) An address that identifies an application at the trans.docx
1. (TCO 6) An address that identifies an application at the transport layer is: (Points : 5)
ARP
IP
MAC
Port Address
Question 2. 2. (TCO 6) The Pv4 address range 169.254.0.0/16 is reserved for: (Points : 5)
Link-Local addresses
Loopback addresses
Broadcast addresses
Addresses for self-identification
Question 3. 3. (TCO 6) The first four bits of the IPv4 addresses reserved for research are: (Points : 5)
0000
1000
1110
1111
Question 4. 4. (TCO 6) To determine how many digits are used for the network identifier in an IPv4 address, you must look at the: (Points : 5)
subnet mask
binary mask
MAC mask
TCP/IP mask
Question 5. 5. (TCO 6) Which one of the following IPv4 addresses cannot be used as the destination address in an IPv4 packet? (Points : 5)
12.0.0.0/8
12.0.0.1/8
12.5.5.5/8
12.255.255.254/8
Question 6. 6. (TCO 6) Number of addresses in the IPv4 address block 193.17.8.128/25 is: (Points : 5)
25
256
128
none of the above
Question 7. 7. (TCO 6) The subnet mask for the address block 163.248.248.0/21 is: (Points : 5)
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.255.21
Question 8. 8. (TCO 6) Which one of the following subnets does the IPv4 address 154.180.0.58 255.255.255.248 belong to? (Points : 5)
154.180.0.0/29
154.180.0.32/29
154.180.0.48/29
154.180.0.56/29
Question 9. 9. (TCO 6) One of the nodes in a broadcast domain is assigned the IPv4 address 152.165.113.126/21. Which one of the following IPv4 addresses cannot be assigned to any of the other nodes in the same broadcast domain? (Points : 5)
152.165.115.254/21
192.168.118.160/21
192.168.111.253/21
192.168.117.158/21
Question 10. 10. (TCO 6) What is the maximum number of subnets with 255.255.255.248 mask in a class C network? (Points : 5)
5
8
32
64
Question 11. 11. (TCO 6) The protocol used to map IP addresses to their physical addresses is: (Points : 5)
IP Addressing
ARP
RARP
CIDR
Question 12. 12. (TCO 6) The IP header has a minimum length of: (Points : 5)
5 bytes
15 bytes
20 bytes
none of the above
Question 13. 13. (TCO 6) The TTL keeps track of ____________ to decide whether a datagram is discarded. (Points : 5)
Time
Message size
Fragments
Number of routers passed through
Question 14. 14. (TCO 7) All of the following apply to ICMP EXCEPT: (Points : 5)
It is a Layer 3 protocol
It is a routable protocol
It compensates for IP’s connectionless messaging drawback
It is independent of the IP header
Question 15. 15. (TCO 7) All of the following are ICMP error-reporting messages EXCEPT: (Points : 5)
Protocol mismatch error
...
Ch19
This document provides an overview of IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It discusses the structure of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, including the length of each address and common notations. It describes IPv4 classful and classless addressing, including CIDR notation. It also covers network address translation (NAT) and private IPv4 addresses. For IPv6, the document outlines the larger address space and expanded addressing capabilities compared to IPv4. Key topics include IPv6 address formats, types of IPv6 addresses, and reserved address blocks.
Transport layer
This document discusses and compares three transport layer protocols: UDP, TCP, and SCTP. It provides details on the services, features, header formats, and operation of each protocol. UDP is a connectionless and unreliable protocol that uses a simple 8-byte header with fields for source/destination ports and length. TCP is connection-oriented and reliable, using sequence numbers and acknowledgments to ensure delivery. It establishes connections for data transfer and teardown. SCTP combines features of UDP and TCP, with support for multiple streams, multihoming, and reliability.
Network
The document discusses network layer concepts including addressing, routing, and fragmentation in computer networks. It covers:
1) Hierarchical addressing schemes like CIDR are used to allow routing scalability through aggregation. This involves dividing IP addresses into a network and host portion.
2) Routers use longest prefix matching on IP addresses and routing tables to determine how to forward packets between networks.
3) Fragmentation allows transmission of packets across heterogeneous networks with different MTUs by splitting packets into pieces that are reassembled at the destination.
Network.pptx
The document discusses network layer concepts in computer networks including:
1. Network layer functions like routing packets between networks and addressing challenges of representing host addresses and routing packets across multiple hops.
2. IP addressing schemes including class-based addressing, CIDR, and subnetting to allow for hierarchical and scalable addressing in large networks.
3. Key aspects of the IP protocol including the IP header fields, IP fragmentation to allow transmission across networks with different MTUs, and reassembly of fragments at the destination.
Network.pptx
The document discusses network layer concepts including addressing, routing, and fragmentation in computer networks. It covers:
1) Hierarchical addressing schemes like CIDR are used to allow routing scalability through aggregation. This involves dividing IP addresses into a network and host portion.
2) Routers use longest prefix matching to determine how to forward packets to their destinations based on routing table entries with network prefixes.
3) Fragmentation allows transmission of packets across heterogeneous networks with different MTU sizes by splitting packets into smaller fragments that are reassembled at the destination.
rip, ospf 13-14
The document discusses several routing protocols used in TCP/IP networks, including RIP, OSPF, and BGP. It begins by distinguishing between intra-domain routing within an autonomous system and inter-domain routing between autonomous systems. It then covers the distance vector routing protocol RIP, the link state routing protocol OSPF used for intra-domain routing, and the path vector routing protocol BGP used for inter-domain routing. For each it discusses the routing algorithm, packet formats, and other implementation details.
Chapter 19: Logical Addressing
The document discusses IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It covers the following topics for IPv4 addresses: they are 32-bit addresses that uniquely identify devices; notation formats (binary, dotted-decimal); address space of 232; classes A-E; classful vs classless addressing; subnet masking; and network address translation (NAT). It also discusses IPv6 addresses: they are 128-bit to address depletion issues; notation formats (hexadecimal, abbreviated); and address types/prefixes (unicast, multicast, etc.).
19 Network Layer_Logical_Addressing
The document discusses IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It covers the following topics for IPv4 addresses: they are 32-bit addresses that uniquely identify devices; notation formats (binary, dotted-decimal); address space of 232; classes A-E; classful vs classless addressing; network address translation (NAT). It also discusses IPv6 addresses: they are 128-bit to address depletion issues; notation formats (hexadecimal, abbreviated); address types (unicast, multicast, etc.).
subnetting
Subnetting allows a network to be logically divided into subnetworks (subnets) to help reduce traffic and conceal complexity. It improves network speed, security, and efficiency by reducing congestion. Subnetting a /26 network that contains 64 addresses into subnets of 32, 16, and 16 addresses requires masks of /27, /28, and /28 respectively. An IPv4 address consists of four octets while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses typically written in hexadecimal. The IPv4 header contains fields for version, header length, protocol, source/destination addresses while IPv6 simplified the fixed length header and removed fragmentation.
IPV6.ppt
This document provides an introduction to IPv6, including:
- IPv4 is running out of addresses due to its 32-bit size, while IPv6 uses a 128-bit address which provides vastly more addresses.
- IPv6 features include larger addresses, more efficient headers, extension headers for additional functions, and stateless autoconfiguration to simplify address assignment.
- Key changes from IPv4 include larger and more hierarchical addresses, removal of optional fields and checksums, and addition of traffic class and flow label fields.
Ramakant tyagi presentation on ip addressing
The document discusses IP addressing and IPv6. It defines what an IP address is, how it is written in dotted decimal notation, and its structure including the network prefix and host number. It describes problems with the original IP address classification scheme and how subnetting and CIDR addressed these. It also summarizes IPv6, including its 128-bit address size which vastly increases the available address space compared to IPv4.
Ch16
This document contains an overview of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and related concepts, including figures illustrating ISDN services, communication over analog telephone networks, ISDN layers, Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI) specifications, framing, addressing, bit rates, and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) services and accesses.
Ch16
This document discusses Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), including figures showing ISDN services, voice and data communication over analog telephone networks, ISDN layers, basic rate interface and primary rate interface, protocols, addressing, bit rates, and broadband ISDN services and accesses.
Ch11
The document discusses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) which provides a simple transport layer allowing processes to send messages called datagrams to other processes. UDP operates above IP and below transport protocols like TCP. It uses port numbers and IP addresses to deliver datagrams to the correct processes. UDP includes a checksum to detect errors but does not establish connections or guarantee delivery like TCP. The document provides examples of how UDP uses a control block table and queue numbers to deliver incoming datagrams to the proper processes.
Ipv6
This document discusses IPv6 addressing and how it differs from IPv4 addressing. Some key points:
- IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long compared to 32 bits for IPv4, represented by 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons.
- IPv6 address space is huge, with 2^128 possible addresses compared to 2^32 for IPv4.
- IPv6 addresses support zero compression where consecutive fields of zeros can be represented by double colon.
- Common IPv6 addresses include loopback of ::1, unspecified address of ::, and site-local and link-local addresses have specific prefixes.
Similar to Ch31 (20)
1. (TCO 6) An address that identifies an application at the trans.docx
1. (TCO 6) An address that identifies an application at the trans.docx
More from tejindershami
Ch30
This document discusses private networks, virtual private networks (VPNs), and network address translation (NAT). It includes sections on private networks, VPNs with figures illustrating a private network, hybrid network, VPN tunneling and addressing. NAT is also covered with figures showing how NAT works by translating IP addresses.
Ch29
This document discusses various aspects of internet security including privacy, digital signatures, security at different layers of the internet protocol stack, and firewalls. It covers symmetric and public key encryption methods for privacy, how digital signatures can provide authentication without privacy, and security protocols at the application layer like PGP and the transport layer like TLS. It also discusses security at the network/IP layer using IPsec and types of firewalls like packet-filter and proxy firewalls that operate at different layers.
Ch28
This document discusses real-time multimedia traffic over the internet. It provides examples of real-time traffic like a video conference versus non-real-time traffic like downloading a pre-recorded video. It describes the key characteristics of real-time traffic, including jitter caused by packet delay and the need for timestamps and playback buffers to prevent jitter. It also discusses how protocols like RTP and RTCP are used to transport real-time multimedia traffic over UDP to make up for UDP's deficiencies for real-time applications.
Ch27
Mobile IP allows mobile hosts to move between networks while maintaining the same home IP address. It uses two IP addresses for each mobile host - a permanent home address and a care-of address that changes as the host moves. The three phases of Mobile IP are agent discovery, registration, and data transfer. During registration, the mobile host registers its current care-of address with its home agent so that data packets can be tunneled or redirected to the mobile host's current location. However, Mobile IP introduces some inefficiency in routing packets to mobile hosts.
Ch26
This document discusses using IP over ATM networks. It covers carrying IP datagrams in ATM cells, routing the cells through ATM networks, using ATMARP to map IP addresses to physical ATM addresses, and creating logical IP subnets (LIS) within ATM networks. Key points include fragmenting datagrams across multiple cells, using different protocol type field values to identify cell types, using entering and exiting routers to route cells, the ATMARP request/reply process to bind addresses, and dividing ATM networks into logical subnets each with their own ATMARP server.
Ch25
This document discusses the World Wide Web and its key components. It covers hypertext and hypermedia, browser architecture, static documents using HTML, dynamic documents using CGI, active documents using Java, and includes diagrams to illustrate these concepts. The chapter provides a high-level overview of the basic building blocks and technologies that make up the World Wide Web.
Ch24
HTTP uses TCP on port 80 to transmit request and response messages between clients and servers. Request messages use methods like GET and HEAD to request resources, and include a request line specifying the resource URL. Response messages return a status line indicating success or failure and can include header fields providing additional information. Examples demonstrate retrieving files, document information, and sending input data to the server using GET, HEAD, and POST methods respectively.
Ch23
The document discusses Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It describes SNMP's components including the Structure of Management Information (SMI) which defines naming rules and encoding of objects, and Management Information Bases (MIB) which define collections of objects and their relationships. It also discusses SNMP messages for reading and changing object values in SNMP packets, using UDP port 161 for communication.
Ch22
This document discusses the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). It covers topics such as user agents and addresses that send and receive email, commands and responses used to transfer messages between mail servers, and extensions like MIME that allow adding attachments and formatting. Diagrams show how email is transferred between user agents, mail transfer agents, and mail gateways in a store-and-forward fashion using SMTP.
Ch21
TFTP is a simple file transfer protocol that uses UDP on port 69 to transfer files. It uses RRQ and WRQ request messages to initiate read and write transfers, along with DATA and ACK messages to transfer file contents and acknowledge receipt. While simple, it provides limited security and is often used to transfer configuration or boot files due to its small code footprint.
Ch20
FTP uses TCP connections to transfer files between systems. It uses port 21 for the control connection to send commands and port 20 for the data connection to transfer files. FTP allows users to connect anonymously to access public files without needing a username and password.
Ch19
TELNET and Rlogin are general-purpose client-server application programs that allow for network virtual terminals and remote login. They negotiate options like character encoding and terminal type. TELNET uses escape characters and option negotiation for features like controlling servers and out-of-band signaling. Rlogin provides remote login capabilities over TCP port 513 and examples show how TELNET can be used for remote terminal sessions and logging into servers.
Ch18
The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS) which provides a hierarchical namespace and mapping system to translate between domain names and IP addresses on the internet. It describes the domain name space, distribution of the name space using name servers and zones, and how DNS works through resolution of queries and responses using different record types. Examples are given of forward and inverse queries and responses to look up addresses and validate clients.
Ch17
This document discusses the BOOTP and DHCP protocols. It contains figures that illustrate the packet formats for BOOTP and DHCP as well as diagrams showing the operations and message exchanges of each protocol. Key aspects of BOOTP and DHCP such as client/server interactions and dynamic IP address allocation are examined.
Ch16
This document provides an overview of socket programming concepts including:
1) Definitions of sockets, byte ordering, address transformation, and functions for getting information about remote hosts.
2) Socket system calls for creating and managing sockets including connect, bind, listen, accept, send, receive and close.
3) Examples of connectionless and connection-oriented client-server programs using UDP and TCP including iterative and concurrent server models.
Ch15
This document discusses the client-server model and how it relates to concurrency and processes in computer networks. It begins by comparing the OSI and TCP/IP models, then defines the client-server model and shows examples of the client-server relationship. It next covers concurrency, describing different types of servers like connectionless iterative and connection-oriented concurrent servers. Finally, it discusses processes, showing how programs and processes relate, examples of getting process IDs, and how forking allows a program to create parent and child processes like in a server program.
Ch14
This document discusses multicast routing protocols. It introduces concepts like multicast trees, reverse path forwarding, and describes several multicast routing protocols including DVMRP, MOSPF, CBT, PIM, and MBONE. DVMRP uses reverse path forwarding and pruning/grafting to efficiently route multicast traffic to multiple receivers. PIM comes in two variants - PIM-DM for dense networks and PIM-SM for sparser wide area networks. MBONE enables multicast routing over the Internet using logical tunneling between multicast routers.
Ch13
This document summarizes several routing protocols:
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol), an interior gateway protocol that shares routing tables periodically and uses hop counts to determine best paths. It has issues with slow convergence and instability.
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), an IGP that uses link state routing to calculate shortest paths. Routers flood link state advertisements to maintain synchronized topological databases.
- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), an exterior gateway protocol used between autonomous systems to exchange routing and reachability information. It uses path vector routing rather than link states.
Ch12
The document provides an overview of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It discusses TCP services like reliable in-order byte stream delivery and flow control using sliding windows. It also covers TCP features like error control using sequence numbers and acknowledgments, congestion control using timers and window sizing, segment formatting and options, checksum calculation, connection establishment and termination, and the TCP state machine.
Ch10
IGMP is a group management protocol that helps multicast routers create and update lists of members for each router interface. It uses query and report messages to manage multicast group membership. The IP protocol field value for an IGMP packet is 2. IGMP packets are encapsulated in IP packets and use class D mapping to Ethernet addresses for delivery within local networks.
Recently uploaded
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneWhat is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdRecently uploaded (20)
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Ch31
- 1. Chapter 31 Next Generation: IPv6 and ICMPv6
- 3. IPv6 31.1
- 5. Figure 31-1 IPv6 address
- 6. Figure 31-2 Abbreviated address
- 7. Figure 31-3 Abbreviated address with consecutive zeros
- 8. Figure 31-4 CIDR address
- 9. Figure 31-5 Address structure
- 10. Figure 31-6 Provider-based address
- 11. Figure 31-7 Address hierarchy
- 12. Figure 31-8 Unspecified address
- 13. Figure 31-9 Loopback address
- 14. Figure 31-10 Compatible address
- 15. Figure 31-11 Mapped address
- 16. Figure 31-12 Link local address
- 17. Figure 31-13 Site local address
- 18. Figure 31-14 Multicast address
- 19. IPv6 PACKET FORMAT 31.3
- 20. Figure 31-15 IPv6 datagram
- 21. Figure 31-16 Format of an IPv6 datagram
- 22. Figure 31-17 Extension header format
- 23. Figure 31-18 Extension header types
- 24. Figure 25-19 Hop-by-hop option header format
- 25. Figure 31-20 The format of options in a hop-by-hop option header
- 26. Figure 31-21 Pad 1
- 27. Figure 31-22 Pad N
- 28. Figure 31-23 Jumbo payload
- 29. Figure 31-24 Source routing
- 30. Figure 31-25 Source routing example
- 31. Figure 31-26 Fragmentation
- 32. Figure 31-27 Authentication
- 33. Figure 31-28 Calculation of authentication data
- 34. Figure 31-29 Encrypted security payload
- 35. Figure 31-30 Transport mode encryption
- 36. Figure 31-31 Tunnel-mode encryption
- 37. ICMPv6 31.4
- 38. Figure 31-32 Comparison of network layers in version 4 and version 6
- 39. Figure 31-33 Categories of ICMPv6 messages
- 40. Figure 31-34 General format of ICMPv6 messages
- 41. Figure 31-35 Error-reporting messages
- 42. Figure 31-36 Destination-unreachable message format
- 43. Figure 31-37 Packet-too-big message format
- 44. Figure 31-38 Time-exceeded message format
- 45. Figure 31-39 Parameter-problem message format
- 46. Figure 31-40 Redirection message format
- 47. Figure 31-41 Query messages
- 48. Figure 31-42 Echo request and reply messages
- 49. Figure 31-43.a Router-solicitation message
- 50. Figure 31-43.b Router advertisement message
- 51. Figure 31-44, Part I Neighbor-solicitation message
- 52. Figure 31-44, Part II Neighbor-advertisement message
- 53. Figure 31-45 Group-membership messages
- 54. Figure 31-46.a Group-membership message formats (query)
- 55. Figure 31-46.b Group-membership message formats (report)
- 56. Figure 31-46.c Group-membership message formats (termination)
- 57. Figure 31-47 Four situations of group-membership operation
- 58. TRANSITION FROM IPv4 TO IPv6 31.5
- 59. Figure 31-48 Three transition strategies
- 60. Figure 31-49 Dual stack
- 61. Figure 31-50 Automatic tunneling
- 62. Figure 31-51 Configured tunneling
- 63. Figure 31-52 Header translation