This document provides guidance on writing Chapter 5 of a research paper, which contains the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations. It emphasizes that the conclusions and recommendations must be directly related and supported by the results of the data analysis. The summary of findings should highlight and interpret the major statistical findings from the results section. The conclusions should answer the research questions and not simply reiterate results. Recommendations provide suggestions for addressing issues identified and improving future studies.

1. Summary of Findings,
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Rellie D. Castro, RN, LPT

2. Writing Chapter 5
 Chapter 5 contains 3 components:
 Summary of Findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendation

3. Reminders in Writing Chapter 5
 It is important that everything in this last section is
based on the results of the data analysis.
 In an empirical research study, the conclusions
and recommendations must be directly related to
the data that was collected and analyzed.

4. Reminders in Writing Chapter 5
 Simply put, look at the key topics in the
conclusion and recommendations.
 If that topic was not precisely assessed by the
research tool/questionnaire, then you cannot
draw a conclusion or make a recommendation
about that topic.

5. Summary of Findings
 The Summary of Findings, also known as Discussion
of Results, is where you are going to generate your
conclusions.
 As part of the research paper, Summary of Findings
include the overall purpose, the main and specific
research problem, the research methodology, and the
major findings.

6. Summary of Findings
 The purpose of this section is to highlight the
major statistical findings from the results section
and interpret them.
 One way to do this is to take every research
question and hypothesis in turn and explain in
plain terms what statistical results mean.

7. Summary of Findings
 Also describe how the results are related to
topic in general.
 All explanations must be supported by the
results of the data analysis.

8. Remember!
 No need to put tables or statistical
computations from the previous chapter.
 Instead, explain the summary of results in
simple language that will be understood by
readers and non-researchers.

9. Summary of Findings
1. Restatement of main and sub-problems.
2. Reiteration of the type of research, nature, size
of sample and locale of the study.
3. Enumerate or express the major findings of the
study in 1 or 2 statements.
4. Identify whether the null hypotheses have been
rejected or not.

10. Example:
Summary of Findings
1. Perception of the Respondents in Spiral Curriculum
It was revealed that a weighted mean of 4.27 was obtained by the
response “spiral curriculum is good if there is enough time frames to discuss
the lesson”; hence, this statement has the highest weighted mean. It is then
followed by statements- “spiral curriculum is spiral progression approach to
make sure that each learner has a mastery of lesson and skill” as well as –”the
first concern of spiral curriculum is the continuity of the lesson taught to
students in a certain grade level”; both with the same weighted mean of 4.16.

11. 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Spiral Curriculum in Mathematics
Education
2.1 Advantages of Using Spiral Curriculum in Mathematics Education
The statement which got the highest weighted mean (it encourages
students to apply their previous learning to later topics and new situations.)
having a weighted mean of 4. It is followed by statement number 4 (The spiral
curriculum also allows a logical progression from simple ideas to complicated
ideas.) with 3.96 as weighted mean. On the other hand, the statement with the
least weighted mean is number 6 (There is no need to review standards at the
end of the school year before high-stakes testing)

12. Example 1:
Example 2:

13. Drawing Conclusions
 After data processing and analyzing, you now
have an idea of what is the result and findings of
your study.
 The researcher should be very clear with the
results and findings of the study since that would
be the basis for the conclusion which would
create an impact to the readers.

14. Drawing Conclusions
 A conclusion wraps up your writing by
summarizing the main idea for your readers.
 This brings your writing to a smooth close and
creates well- written answers to your research
questions.

15. Drawing Conclusions
 You have to consider the main idea that you
want to convey to your readers and have a
sense of closure in the study.
 It usually starts answering the specific moving
to the general inquiry.

16. Drawing Conclusions
 In the conclusion part, no new information is
expected.
 Researchers reconsider the research
questions and draw answers for these
questions.

17. Drawing Conclusions
 It is very important that the conclusions are
limited within the main objective of the study and
research questions presented at the beginning of
the research paper.
 Hence, conclusions are precise statement that
directly answers the stated research questions.

18. Drawing Conclusions
 Furthermore, the purpose of your conclusion is to
make the readers understand the impact of your
research on them.
 It is a synthesis of the key points and not just a
summary of the entire research study.

19. Guidelines in Writing Research
Conclusion
1. Avoid merely summarizing.
 Make inferences from the summary of results.
2. State your conclusion in a clear and simple language.
 Emphasize the purpose of your study then relate how your findings
differ from other studies.
3. Do not just reiterate the discussion of your results.
 Provide a synthesis of arguments presented in the paper to show
how these converge to address the research problem and the
overall objectives of your study.

20. Guidelines in Writing Research
Conclusion
4. Avoid using numerals, figures, or simply repeating the
results.
 The focus of this part of research paper is not presenting results nor
findings.
 Inferences and implications are emphasized in the conclusions of
the study.
5. Indicate opportunities for future research.
 Highlighting the need for further studies provides the reader with
that evidence that you have an in-depth awareness of the research
problem.

21. Research Implications
 Research Implications are important content of your
conclusion.
 It refers to the logical relations and their result in a
given situation.
 The conclusions you draw from the findings, how you
linked those to a specific theory or practice comprises
the implication of the study.
 There are two forms of implications: the practical and
theoretical implications.

22. Practical Implication
 Practical Implication is also called as convenient
implication. It is a realistic explanation of what your
research findings might mean and the fact that would arise
if those circumstances were met.
Example: Studying the implications of room-to-room campaign
reveals that, it is more effective in increasing awareness of
how to fight COVID-19 than announcing
it during the students’ morning assembly.

23. Theoretical implication
 Theoretical implication is a statement that supports or contradicts a
theory, previous study findings, or creates something entirely new. It
also represents the literature in your theoretical section.
Example: Based on Bolman’s Leadership Framework, results indicate
that majority of the Student Government officers significantly possess
symbolic leadership. Given that this is their strength, it supports that
the results that leadership style is significantly correlated to two-way
communication of the organization. Results also support that avenue
for open forum or discussion were provided.

24. Conclusion Example:

25. Formulating Recommendations
 Recommendations can be described as a suggestion
regarding the best course of action to take as a result
of your summary of findings and conclusion.
 The purpose of a recommendation is to provide a
useful guide that will not only address certain problems
but result in a successful outcome.

26. Two Functions of Recommendations
1. Implications of your findings must identify the
areas of concern that needs to be addressed.
2. How can future studies address the
limitations you encountered in your research?

27. Formulating Recommendations
 Generally, recommendations include the ff:
 How to further improve the pertinent variables or
treatment used in the study
 Suggestions to concerned individuals or agencies
 Suggestions to future researchers who may want to
pursue similar studies
 Suggests variables or research methods for future use

29. Recommendation Example: