Chapter 2: Preliminaries
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This document introduces different types of programming languages including low-level languages like assembly and machine code that directly manipulate hardware, high-level languages like C# and Python that are easier for humans to read and write, and application-level languages like VBA that manipulate specific programs. It emphasizes good programming style with readability, comments, and modularity through the use of functions and subroutines. Sample code is provided for each type of language.
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
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1) Introduction to Computer Programming.
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3) Interpreter, High level language, Features of C language.
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11001 - Binary to Decimal = 49
165 - Decimal to Binary = 10100001
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566 - Decimal to Binary = 111000010
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Decimal to Hexadecimal = 23A
1CC2 - Hexadecimal to Decimal = 7322
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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Chapter 2: Preliminaries
- 1. Excel Macros Level 1 Preliminaries
- 2. Programming Languages Allows us to express computations that a machine can perform Can be used to: Control behaviour of a machine Express an algorithm Communicate 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 2 p. 9
- 3. 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 3 p. 9
- 4. 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 4
- 5. Low Level Languages Designed to manipulate the computer via: The operating system (i.e. Windows, Linux) The hardware Examples include: Assembly language Machine code 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 5
- 6. Machine Language Sample mem[0]=0x23; mem[1]=0x00; mem[2]=0xa8; mem[3]=0x17; mem[4]=0xa9; mem[5]=0x17; mem[6]=0xaa; 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 6
- 7. 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 7
- 8. High Level Languages Designed to be easy to read and write in Used to create most applications (i.e. Excel) Examples include: BASIC C, C++, C# Pascal COBOL Python 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 8
- 9. C# Sample // Hello1.cs public class Hello1 { public static void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!"); } } 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 9
- 10. 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 10
- 11. Application Level Languages Used to manipulate an application program such as Excel, Word, PowerPoint Examples include: Excel VBA Word VBA PowerPoint VBA 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 11
- 12. Excel VBA Sample Sub SampleWalkthrough() Dim oCell As Range Dim x As Integer For Each oCell In Selection.Cells oCell.Value = x x = x + 1 Next End Sub 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 12
- 13. Programming Style Two important conventions: Make your program readable Have lots and lots of comments 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 13 p. 11
- 14. Readability Aim for clarity of code over cleverness 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 14 p. 12
- 15. Comments Preceded by a ' Aim for comments to describe the program Can write the comments first (i.e. the logic) and then fill in the code afterwards 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 15 p. 11
- 16. Modularity Use code modules to isolate repetitive code Helps to shorten code Improves readability of code 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 16 p. 14
- 17. Modularity Two types of code modules: Functions: Return a value when finished Subroutines: Do not return a value upon finishing Collectively referred to as procedures 4/29/2010 M. Campbell - 2010 17 p. 15