The document provides information about high level and low level programming languages. It defines low level languages as assembly language and machine language, which computers can directly understand as binary code. High level languages are closer to human language and include C++, SQL, Java, C#, FORTRAN, COBOL, C, JavaScript, PHP, and HTML. Each high level language is then briefly described in terms of its history, purpose, and basic syntax structure.

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Assignment topic
 Write explain history and main
syntax of high level language and low
level language.
 Submitted to :
Sir Abu baker
 Submitted by :
M.Hamza
Roll no 210
 Class:
BS(CS) first semester

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Explain the high level language and low level language.
Low level language
It has two low level language,s.
1. Assembly language.
2. Machine language.
Assembly language
Assembly is low level language. Each personal computer has a microprocessor that manages
the computer,s arithmetical, logical, and control activities. Each family of processer has its own
set of instruction for handling various operations such as getting input from keyboard,
displaying information on screen and performing various other jobs. Symbolic assembly codes
came next in the mid 1950's, the second generation of programming language like
AUTOCODER, SAP and SPS. Symbolic addresses allowed programmers to represent memory
locations, variables and instructions with names. Programmers now had the flexibility not to
change the addresses for new locations of variables whenever they are modified. This kind of
programming is still considered fast and to program in machine language required high
knowledge of the CPU and machine's instruction set. This also meant high hardware
dependency and lack of portability. Assembly or machine code could not run on different
machines. Example, code written for the Intel® Processor family would look very different for
code written for the Motorola 68X00 series. To convert would mean changing a whole length of
code.
Basic structure of assemblyprogram.
-model small ;Select a memory model
.stack_stack size ;define the stack size
.data
;variable and array declaration
;declare variable at this level
.code
Main proc
;write the program main at this level
Main endp

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;other procedures
;always organize your program
;into procedures
end main ;to mark the end of the source file
Machine language
It,s the lowest level and named as first generation of programming language. Machine language
level language consist only two condition i.e either true (1) and false (0) ; this type of language
are known as binary language. A computer system could understand only binary language. i.e
all the instruction feed into the computer system must be in the form of 0 or 1. Machine level
language are very tough to understand by the named. Human cannot understand and modify
easily. Computer works in only machine language. The user given the instruction to the
computer in high level language computer cannot understand so programming tranlaters in
convert high level into low level now language computer can understand and show results.
High level language
1. C++
2. SQL
3. Java
4. C#
5. FORTRAN
6. COBOL
7. C
8. Javascript
9. PHP
10. HTML

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C++
C++ is an object-oriented language. It was developed in 1980 at Bell Laboratories. It is an
improved version of C language. It provides the facility of working with object and classes. It is
very powerful language and is used to develop a variety of programs. C++ is a statically typed,
compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, free-formprogramming language that supports
procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. C++ is regarded as a middle-
level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language
features. This standard is used by most of the compiler used today to compile program. The
language become very popular and now it is the preferred language to develop professional
application on all platform. C++ language provides machine independence. It means that the
programs written C++ language executed on Intel processer and Motorola processer with a
little modification. It is preferable to write program in C++ then machine language.
Syntax of C++
 Preprocessor directive
 Main function
 Body of program
# include<iostream>
Void main ()
{
Cout<<”hello word|,”
}
The basic structure of C++ language.
SQL language
SQL stand for Structure Query Language. It is most popular database query language. SQL was
developed by IBM. It is a national standard by the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI). SQL work with data base program like MS Access, DB2, Informix, MS SQL Server ,
Oracle, Sybase etc.
Java
Java was developed at Sun Microsystem in 1995 by a team led by James Gosling. Sun
microsystem was purchased by Oracle in 2010. Java is an object oriented programming

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language based on the syntax of C++. It was originally designed in 1991 as Oak for use in
embedded chips for electronic appliance TV’s, toaster, ovens, washing machine etc.
Java can be used to write a program that run on any platform. It is popular to write Web-based
internet application as the World Wide Web.
Syntax : package sct;
Public class helloword {
Public static void main (string [] arges{
System.out.println(“hello word for java”);
}
}
C#
C# (pronounced “see sharp”) is a multi-paradigm language encompassing imperative,
declaration, functional, generic, object-oriented (class based), and component-oriented
programming discipline. It was developed by Microsoft within . NET initiative and later
approved as a standard by Ecma ( ECMA -334) and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270). During the developed
of the NET. Framework the class libraries were originally written using the managed code
compiler systemsimple managed C. In January 1999, Anders Hejlsberg formed a team to build a
new language at the time called cool, which stood for “C like object oriented language”.
Microsoft had considered keeping the name cool as the final of the language, but chose not to
do so for trademark reason. By the time the . NET project was publicly announced at the July
2000 professional Developers conference the language has been renamed C# and the class
libraries and ASP.NET runtime hed been ported to C#.
Basic syntax of C#
Using system. Window. Forms;
Class Example class
{
Static void main ()
{ MessageBox. Show(“hello, world!”);

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}
}
FORTRAN
FORTRAN stand for FORmula TRANslation. It is mainly used for engineering application and
scientific use. The name of earlier version of the language through FORTRAN 77 were
conventionally spelled in all capital (FORTRAN was the last version in which the use of
lowercase letter in keyword was strictly non- standard. The capitalization has been dropped
referring to newer version beginning with fortran 90. The official language standard now refer
to the language as “fortran” rather than all caps “FORTRAN”.
syntax
program z
c2345678901234567890
Goto 11
11 Continue
Go to 780
780 continue
G oto3 60
360 continue
Stop
End
Cobol
COBOL is a high-level language. One must understand the way COBOL works. Computers only
understand machine code, a binary stream of 0s and 1s. COBOL code must be converted into
machine code using a compiler. Run the program source through a compiler. The compiler first
checks for any syntax errors and then converts it into machine language. The compiler creates
an output file which is known as load module. This output file contains executable code in the
form of 0s and 1s. During 1950s, when the businesses were growing in the western part of the

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world, there was a need to automate various processes for ease of operation and this gave
birth to a high-level programming language meant for business data processing.
Syntax
Identification Division.
Program id. Hello.
*This is a comment Line
Procedure Division.
A000-First-Para.
Display “coding sheet”.
Stop run.
C
C is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie
to develop the UNIX operating systemat Bell Labs. C was originally first implemented on the
DEC PDP-11 computer in 1972. In 1978, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie produced the first
publicly available description of C, now known as the K&R standard. The UNIX operating
system, the C compiler, and essentially all UNIX application programs have been written in C. C
has now become a widely used professional language for various reasons. C was initially used
for systemdevelopment work, particularly the programs that make-up the operating system. C
was adopted as a system development language because it produces code that runs nearly as
fast as the code written in assembly language. Some examples of the use of C might be. C was
invented to write an operating system called UNIX. C is a successor of B language which was
introduced around the early 1970s.
Syntax
Preprocessor: #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Main function: void main ()
{
Body of program: body of program

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}
JavaScript
Javascript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and most commonly
used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script to interact with
the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming language with object-
oriented capabilities. JavaScript was first known as LiveScript, but Netscape changed its name
to JavaScript, possibly because of the excitement being generated by Java. JavaScript made its
first appearance in Netscape 2.0 in 1995 with the name LiveScript. The general-purpose core
of the language has been embedded in Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other web browsers.
The JavaScript client-side mechanism provides many advantages over traditional CGI server-
side scripts. For example, you might use JavaScript to check if the user has entered a valid e-
mail address in a form field.
Syntax
<script….>
Javascript code
</script>
PHP
PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more people found
out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in 1994.
PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage
dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. PHP
supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4 added
support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA), making n-tier
development a possibility for the first time. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially
when compiled as an Apache module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started,
executes even very complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.
Syntax
<?
Php body
?>

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HTML
HTML, which stands for HyperText Mark-Up Language, is the language for describing
structured documents as well as the language used to create web pages in the Internet. The
language is based on an existing, international formatting standard SGML, Standard
Generalized Mark-Up Language, which is used for text processing. HTML is a simplified version
of SGML. HTML files are written in ACSII text, so the user can use any text editor to create
his/her web page, though a browser of one sort or another is necessary to view the web page.
HTML is case insensitive with its language commands. The characters within the document,
however, are case sensitive. The language consists of various "tags" which are known as
elements. These allow the browser to understand (and put into the desired/specified format)
the layout, background, headings, titles, lists, text and/or graphics on the page. The elements
are classified according to their function in the HTML document.
Syntax
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

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