This document provides an overview of key concepts from the first chapter of a chemistry textbook, including:
- Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and changes in matter.
- There are three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases - which are distinguished by their physical properties. Changes in state are physical changes.
- Chemical and physical properties are introduced, along with the distinction between physical and chemical changes.
- Concepts of energy, including potential and kinetic energy, are covered. Energy changes that occur during physical and chemical processes are discussed.
- Measurement and problem solving in chemistry are addressed, including the use of units and conversion factors to calculate quantities.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It defines chemistry as the study of matter, its properties, and changes in matter. Key topics covered include the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, energy, measurement, and units. Sample problems demonstrate how to solve for quantities like density, mass, volume, and conversions between metric and other units.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It defines chemistry as the study of matter, its properties, and changes in matter. Key topics covered include the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, energy, measurement, and units. Sample problems demonstrate how to solve for quantities like density, mass, volume, and conversions between metric and other units.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It defines chemistry as the study of matter, its properties, and changes in matter. Key topics covered include the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, energy, measurement, and units. Sample problems demonstrate how to solve for quantities like density, mass, volume, and conversions between metric and other units.
New chm-151-unit-1-20powerpoints-20sp13s-140227172225-phpapp01Cleophas Rwemera
This document outlines key concepts for a chemistry course, including:
- The goals of identifying elements, understanding measurement units, significant figures, and types of errors.
- Definitions of matter, properties, physical and chemical changes, and the three states of matter.
- The International System of Units (SI) including common units like meters, grams, kelvin, and moles.
- Concepts like energy, elements, and the periodic table, and examples of calculating density, conversions between units, and solving chemistry problems systematically.
The document discusses kinetics and reaction rates. It defines kinetics as the branch of chemistry that studies the speed or rate of chemical reactions. It explains that reaction rates can be measured by changes in concentration, temperature, or pressure over time. The rate depends on factors like the nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalysts, surface area, and pressure. Reactions may occur in multiple steps through reaction intermediates rather than a single step. The collision theory and concept of activation energy are introduced to explain why certain collisions result in reactions. Reaction coordinate diagrams are used to illustrate the energy changes in reactions.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It defines chemistry as the study of matter, its properties, and changes in matter. Key topics covered include the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, energy, measurement, and units. Sample problems demonstrate how to solve for quantities like density, mass, volume, and conversions between metric and other units.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It defines chemistry as the study of matter, its properties, and changes in matter. Key topics covered include the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, energy, measurement, and units. Sample problems demonstrate how to solve for quantities like density, mass, volume, and conversions between metric and other units.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It defines chemistry as the study of matter, its properties, and changes in matter. Key topics covered include the states of matter, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, energy, measurement, and units. Sample problems demonstrate how to solve for quantities like density, mass, volume, and conversions between metric and other units.
New chm-151-unit-1-20powerpoints-20sp13s-140227172225-phpapp01Cleophas Rwemera
This document outlines key concepts for a chemistry course, including:
- The goals of identifying elements, understanding measurement units, significant figures, and types of errors.
- Definitions of matter, properties, physical and chemical changes, and the three states of matter.
- The International System of Units (SI) including common units like meters, grams, kelvin, and moles.
- Concepts like energy, elements, and the periodic table, and examples of calculating density, conversions between units, and solving chemistry problems systematically.
The document discusses kinetics and reaction rates. It defines kinetics as the branch of chemistry that studies the speed or rate of chemical reactions. It explains that reaction rates can be measured by changes in concentration, temperature, or pressure over time. The rate depends on factors like the nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalysts, surface area, and pressure. Reactions may occur in multiple steps through reaction intermediates rather than a single step. The collision theory and concept of activation energy are introduced to explain why certain collisions result in reactions. Reaction coordinate diagrams are used to illustrate the energy changes in reactions.
1. ch01_1Fundamental Concepts and Units of Measurement.pptadhidwih
This document provides an overview of fundamental chemistry concepts including the scientific method, classification of matter, and measurement. It discusses how the scientific method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, and experimentation to build models of nature. Matter is classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures depending on its composition. Properties of matter can be either intensive, meaning they do not depend on amount, or extensive, meaning they do depend on amount. Measurements are essential for describing properties quantitatively and involve units and uncertainty. The metric system and SI units are introduced for measurements.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry. It discusses the study of matter and its composition, properties, and interactions. Matter can exist in various phases and be classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures. Properties include physical characteristics that do not change composition and chemical properties that involve compositional changes. Measurements in chemistry require units and have uncertainty. The document outlines common units in the International System of units and concepts like accuracy and precision in reported values.
The lesson plan discusses physical and chemical changes of matter. The objectives are for students to distinguish between physical and chemical changes, cite applications of these concepts, and provide examples of each. The lesson involves reviewing matter, demonstrating examples, discussing the concepts, having students do an activity distinguishing examples, and evaluating their understanding. The key points are that physical changes alter observable properties but not molecular composition, while chemical changes result in new substances through molecular rearrangements.
This document provides an introduction to general chemistry. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and its transformations. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, and can exist in different states such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. The document discusses physical and chemical properties of matter, as well as physical and chemical changes. It classifies matter as either pure substances like elements and compounds, or mixtures that are either homogeneous or heterogeneous. The key concepts covered include the states of matter, phase changes, and the classification of matter.
The document reviews key concepts for the third quarter assessment including the scientific method, bonding, naming compounds and ions, mixtures, the mole, energy diagrams, phases of matter, reaction rates, and gas laws. It provides examples and explanations of important terms and concepts to help students prepare.
This document discusses intermolecular forces and the physical properties of liquids and solids. It covers topics such as the different types of intermolecular forces, how these forces determine properties of liquids like viscosity and vapor pressure, crystal structure of solids, and phase changes between the different states of matter. The key points are that intermolecular forces are weaker than ionic or covalent bonds but still significantly impact properties, liquids and solids exist as a result of these intermolecular interactions, and phase changes occur with the addition or removal of heat to overcome these attractive forces.
1) Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties. Matter can exist as solids, liquids, or gases and can undergo physical or chemical changes.
2) The metric system is the international standard for measurement and uses base units related by powers of 10. Measurements include mass, volume, length, and temperature.
3) Energy exists in various forms and can be transformed from one to another but not created or destroyed. Chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds and released during chemical reactions.
Slides from a presentation about modeling past and future climate as part of the "School of Ice" workshop for educators at Oregon State University on Aug. 2, 2021.
This document provides an overview of chemical kinetics and reaction rates from the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It discusses key topics such as:
- Factors that influence reaction rates like concentration, temperature, and surface area
- Expressing reaction rates in terms of changes in concentration over time
- Determining the rate law and reaction orders from experimental data
- Differentiating between zero, first, and second-order reactions based on their rate equations
- Calculating changes in reaction rates when concentrations are varied
The document uses diagrams, examples, and sample problems to illustrate concepts in chemical kinetics and determining reaction mechanisms and orders from rate data.
General Chemistry 1 Module. Discussion on the different properties of Matter. Models of atom and history. Different orbitals and spdf notation. Identification of Atomic Mass, Weights, and Abundances of Isotopes.
Sample preparation for cryo-EM involves many complex steps that can impact results. Key aspects include sample purity and stability, grid selection, plunge freezing technique, and addressing issues like preferred orientation or interaction with air-water interfaces. Significant work is still needed to optimize methods and automate processes, but innovations are improving the ability to determine structures across a wider range of samples.
The document discusses atoms and elements. It defines key concepts like atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures, isotopes and subatomic particles. It explains Dalton's atomic theory and how it led to the concept of atomic mass and mass spectrometry. The periodic table is introduced as a way to organize and classify elements based on their atomic structure of protons, neutrons and electrons. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals and metalloids based on their physical properties.
APS March Meeting 2020 - Nonisentropic Release of a Shocked SolidPatrickHeighway
A joint computational-experimental study of nonisentropic release of tantalum from the shock state. A shortened version of this presentation was intended to be delivered at the APS March Meeting 2020 in Denver.
This teaching Material is for Grade - 9. We provide teaching material at no cost. Please don't forget to recommend/reference our teaching Material after use.
This document discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that in solids, particles are tightly packed, while in liquids they are loosely packed and can move past one another. In gases, particles are far apart and uniformly distributed. The document also covers phase changes as matter changes state, such as melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation. It defines physical and chemical properties and provides examples of each.
The document discusses liquids and solids from the perspective of the kinetic molecular theory. It explains that in liquids, particles are more closely packed than gases due to intermolecular forces, but are still able to flow freely unlike solids where particle motion is limited to vibration. Key differences between liquids and solids include density, compressibility, diffusion rates, and types of molecular structures (crystalline vs amorphous). The document also covers concepts such as surface tension, intermolecular forces including hydrogen bonding and London dispersion forces, and how force strength influences melting and boiling points.
The Scientific Method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, experimentation, analyzing results, and making conclusions. It is the process scientists use to make discoveries about natural phenomena. The key steps are:
1) Making observations to collect qualitative and quantitative data
2) Forming questions from observations and proposing hypotheses as tentative answers
3) Experimentation to test hypotheses
4) Analyzing results, which can be presented in tables or graphs
5) Drawing conclusions based on the experimental data
The Chemistry: Content Knowledge test contains 100 multiple choice questions covering 7 main content categories related to chemistry. The test is designed to evaluate a beginning teacher's knowledge of concepts typically covered in introductory college chemistry courses. It will take test takers 2 hours to complete and calculators are not permitted. The document provides detailed descriptions of the topics covered within each content category.
1. ch01_1Fundamental Concepts and Units of Measurement.pptadhidwih
This document provides an overview of fundamental chemistry concepts including the scientific method, classification of matter, and measurement. It discusses how the scientific method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, and experimentation to build models of nature. Matter is classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures depending on its composition. Properties of matter can be either intensive, meaning they do not depend on amount, or extensive, meaning they do depend on amount. Measurements are essential for describing properties quantitatively and involve units and uncertainty. The metric system and SI units are introduced for measurements.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry. It discusses the study of matter and its composition, properties, and interactions. Matter can exist in various phases and be classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures. Properties include physical characteristics that do not change composition and chemical properties that involve compositional changes. Measurements in chemistry require units and have uncertainty. The document outlines common units in the International System of units and concepts like accuracy and precision in reported values.
The lesson plan discusses physical and chemical changes of matter. The objectives are for students to distinguish between physical and chemical changes, cite applications of these concepts, and provide examples of each. The lesson involves reviewing matter, demonstrating examples, discussing the concepts, having students do an activity distinguishing examples, and evaluating their understanding. The key points are that physical changes alter observable properties but not molecular composition, while chemical changes result in new substances through molecular rearrangements.
This document provides an introduction to general chemistry. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and its transformations. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, and can exist in different states such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. The document discusses physical and chemical properties of matter, as well as physical and chemical changes. It classifies matter as either pure substances like elements and compounds, or mixtures that are either homogeneous or heterogeneous. The key concepts covered include the states of matter, phase changes, and the classification of matter.
The document reviews key concepts for the third quarter assessment including the scientific method, bonding, naming compounds and ions, mixtures, the mole, energy diagrams, phases of matter, reaction rates, and gas laws. It provides examples and explanations of important terms and concepts to help students prepare.
This document discusses intermolecular forces and the physical properties of liquids and solids. It covers topics such as the different types of intermolecular forces, how these forces determine properties of liquids like viscosity and vapor pressure, crystal structure of solids, and phase changes between the different states of matter. The key points are that intermolecular forces are weaker than ionic or covalent bonds but still significantly impact properties, liquids and solids exist as a result of these intermolecular interactions, and phase changes occur with the addition or removal of heat to overcome these attractive forces.
1) Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties. Matter can exist as solids, liquids, or gases and can undergo physical or chemical changes.
2) The metric system is the international standard for measurement and uses base units related by powers of 10. Measurements include mass, volume, length, and temperature.
3) Energy exists in various forms and can be transformed from one to another but not created or destroyed. Chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds and released during chemical reactions.
Slides from a presentation about modeling past and future climate as part of the "School of Ice" workshop for educators at Oregon State University on Aug. 2, 2021.
This document provides an overview of chemical kinetics and reaction rates from the textbook "Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change". It discusses key topics such as:
- Factors that influence reaction rates like concentration, temperature, and surface area
- Expressing reaction rates in terms of changes in concentration over time
- Determining the rate law and reaction orders from experimental data
- Differentiating between zero, first, and second-order reactions based on their rate equations
- Calculating changes in reaction rates when concentrations are varied
The document uses diagrams, examples, and sample problems to illustrate concepts in chemical kinetics and determining reaction mechanisms and orders from rate data.
General Chemistry 1 Module. Discussion on the different properties of Matter. Models of atom and history. Different orbitals and spdf notation. Identification of Atomic Mass, Weights, and Abundances of Isotopes.
Sample preparation for cryo-EM involves many complex steps that can impact results. Key aspects include sample purity and stability, grid selection, plunge freezing technique, and addressing issues like preferred orientation or interaction with air-water interfaces. Significant work is still needed to optimize methods and automate processes, but innovations are improving the ability to determine structures across a wider range of samples.
The document discusses atoms and elements. It defines key concepts like atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures, isotopes and subatomic particles. It explains Dalton's atomic theory and how it led to the concept of atomic mass and mass spectrometry. The periodic table is introduced as a way to organize and classify elements based on their atomic structure of protons, neutrons and electrons. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals and metalloids based on their physical properties.
APS March Meeting 2020 - Nonisentropic Release of a Shocked SolidPatrickHeighway
A joint computational-experimental study of nonisentropic release of tantalum from the shock state. A shortened version of this presentation was intended to be delivered at the APS March Meeting 2020 in Denver.
This teaching Material is for Grade - 9. We provide teaching material at no cost. Please don't forget to recommend/reference our teaching Material after use.
This document discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that in solids, particles are tightly packed, while in liquids they are loosely packed and can move past one another. In gases, particles are far apart and uniformly distributed. The document also covers phase changes as matter changes state, such as melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation. It defines physical and chemical properties and provides examples of each.
The document discusses liquids and solids from the perspective of the kinetic molecular theory. It explains that in liquids, particles are more closely packed than gases due to intermolecular forces, but are still able to flow freely unlike solids where particle motion is limited to vibration. Key differences between liquids and solids include density, compressibility, diffusion rates, and types of molecular structures (crystalline vs amorphous). The document also covers concepts such as surface tension, intermolecular forces including hydrogen bonding and London dispersion forces, and how force strength influences melting and boiling points.
The Scientific Method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, experimentation, analyzing results, and making conclusions. It is the process scientists use to make discoveries about natural phenomena. The key steps are:
1) Making observations to collect qualitative and quantitative data
2) Forming questions from observations and proposing hypotheses as tentative answers
3) Experimentation to test hypotheses
4) Analyzing results, which can be presented in tables or graphs
5) Drawing conclusions based on the experimental data
The Chemistry: Content Knowledge test contains 100 multiple choice questions covering 7 main content categories related to chemistry. The test is designed to evaluate a beginning teacher's knowledge of concepts typically covered in introductory college chemistry courses. It will take test takers 2 hours to complete and calculators are not permitted. The document provides detailed descriptions of the topics covered within each content category.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.