The document discusses seasons, weather, and weather extremes. It explains that Earth's 23.5 degree tilt causes seasons as different areas receive direct sunlight. It defines weather as current atmospheric conditions and climate as long term patterns. Various factors like water, landforms, elevation, and wind movement influence weather by heating and moving air masses. Precipitation forms through convection, orographic, and frontal systems. Weather extremes include blizzards, droughts, floods, and hurricanes, with the 1900 Galveston hurricane provided as a specific example of hurricane damage that killed thousands.

1. Seasons and Weather Chapter 3, Section 1

2. Seasons Earth is tilted at a 23.5˚ angle causes different areas to get direct sun rays for different amounts of time creating seasons

3. Seasons Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are the farthest points north and south where the sun shines directly overhead at noon – solstice beginning of winter or summer

5. Summer Solstice

6. Winter Solstice

7. Equinox

8. Seasons Equinox – twice a year when the days and nights are the same all over the world beginning of spring and fall

9. Weather - immediate condition of the atmosphere at a specific location and time climate – general weather conditions over a long period of time

10. What causes weather? water vapor  causes precipitation cloud cover  holds water vapor

11. What causes weather? landforms and bodies of water  water heats and cools slowly land heats and cools quickly

12. What causes weather? elevation  higher elevation = thinner air (doesn’t hold moisture)

13. What causes weather? air movement  wind moves air and moisture causes rapid weather changes

14. Precipitation Warm air rises  air cools  clouds form  water vapor builds up  pressure releases and it rains 3 types

15. Convectional Hot, moist climate Heat air in the morning, clouds form by afternoon and rain falls

16. Orographic - mountains Windward side (wet side) of mountain blocks air and forces it up Leeward side (dry side) has a rain shadow (very little precipitation)

22. Frontal Mid-latitude Boundary between 2 air masses with different temperatures Cold air pushes warm air up = precipitation

24. Weather Extremes blizzards – heavy snowstorm with winds > 35 mph drought – long period of time with little or no rain Floods – water spreads over usually dry land Flood plain – when water spills out of a river into surrounding area Hurricanes

32. This is what did the most damage to Galveston in the 1900 hurricane. The highest point on the island was only 8.5 feet. The storm surge was over 15 feet.

33. 6,000 to 12,000 people died and the clean up was horiffic.

36. Damage to Galveston after the 1900 hurricane

49. Galveston Seawall

51. Raising Galveston

60. Galveston was known as the New York of the South. It was the largest, most developed, and most modern city in Texas. Houston was a backwater, a “country-bumpkin” town compared to Galveston. After the 1900 hurricane, though, development shifted to Houston and Galveston was forever left behind.

61. Hurricane Rita

62. Katrina

63. IKE

65. Damages crops, plants, and wildlife

69. In South Dakota