Ch 10 ppt
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Ecological restoration involves facilitating natural succession to help an ecosystem recover from human disturbance. There are two types of succession - primary succession establishes ecosystems in areas with no prior ecosystem, like retreating glaciers, while secondary succession reestablishes ecosystems following disturbances like fires. Restoration is difficult for lands that have lost organic matter or been subjected to overuse, and there does not appear to be a permanent climax state, as gradual loss of nutrients occurs even in mature ecosystems.
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Succession notes 2013
Primary succession occurs when organisms first colonize lifeless areas, gradually changing conditions until an ecosystem forms. Secondary succession occurs more rapidly when organisms recolonize areas where ecosystems previously existed but were disturbed. Both primary and secondary succession involve predictable changes in communities over time that help maintain equilibrium in ecosystems.
Unit 6- Water and Succession review & answer key
The document provides definitions and review questions for a unit test on organisms and the environment. It defines key terms related to ecology, succession, habitats, populations, species, water, and sustainability. It also provides example questions and answers about primary and secondary succession, the goal of succession, impacts of fertilizer and groundwater use.
046 ecological succession
Succession is the natural, orderly change in plant and animal communities that occurs at the same place over a period of time. In all communities, the composition of species changes over a period of time. Ecological succession leads to species diversity as it progresses. Secondary succession generally occurs faster than primary succession and is more likely to actually occur than latter
Ecological succession & cycles of matter
Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
Succession 2.06
Ecological succession is the gradual process of change from one community of organisms to another in a predictable order. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which begins in an area without soil, such as new volcanic rock or sand dunes, and secondary succession, which occurs on areas that already have soil but are disturbed, such as after a forest fire. Primary succession starts with hardy pioneer species that change the environment to allow other organisms to inhabit the area over time. Secondary succession begins with faster developing plants that take over disturbed areas with existing soil. The final stage is a climax community where species remain stable as long as the environment does not change drastically.
What is ecology
1) An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms (biotic factors) in a particular area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) parts like air, water, and mineral resources.
2) Primary succession occurs in new areas like land exposed by retreating glaciers, where pioneer species arrive first and help create conditions for later species.
3) Secondary succession follows disruptions to existing ecosystems, as earlier species are replaced over time, progressing towards a stable climactic community composition.
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Ecological succession is the gradual replacement of one community by another over time. Primary succession occurs when a community is wiped out, requiring pioneer species to establish the first ecosystem. Secondary succession follows a similar process but an existing ecosystem is present. Both forms of succession can progress from pioneer species communities to a stable climax community where few new species arrive or leave.
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Succession notes 2013
Primary succession occurs when organisms first colonize lifeless areas, gradually changing conditions until an ecosystem forms. Secondary succession occurs more rapidly when organisms recolonize areas where ecosystems previously existed but were disturbed. Both primary and secondary succession involve predictable changes in communities over time that help maintain equilibrium in ecosystems.
Unit 6- Water and Succession review & answer key
The document provides definitions and review questions for a unit test on organisms and the environment. It defines key terms related to ecology, succession, habitats, populations, species, water, and sustainability. It also provides example questions and answers about primary and secondary succession, the goal of succession, impacts of fertilizer and groundwater use.
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Succession is the natural, orderly change in plant and animal communities that occurs at the same place over a period of time. In all communities, the composition of species changes over a period of time. Ecological succession leads to species diversity as it progresses. Secondary succession generally occurs faster than primary succession and is more likely to actually occur than latter
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Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
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Ecological succession is the gradual process of change from one community of organisms to another in a predictable order. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which begins in an area without soil, such as new volcanic rock or sand dunes, and secondary succession, which occurs on areas that already have soil but are disturbed, such as after a forest fire. Primary succession starts with hardy pioneer species that change the environment to allow other organisms to inhabit the area over time. Secondary succession begins with faster developing plants that take over disturbed areas with existing soil. The final stage is a climax community where species remain stable as long as the environment does not change drastically.
What is ecology
1) An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms (biotic factors) in a particular area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) parts like air, water, and mineral resources.
2) Primary succession occurs in new areas like land exposed by retreating glaciers, where pioneer species arrive first and help create conditions for later species.
3) Secondary succession follows disruptions to existing ecosystems, as earlier species are replaced over time, progressing towards a stable climactic community composition.
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Ecological succession is the gradual replacement of one community by another over time. Primary succession occurs when a community is wiped out, requiring pioneer species to establish the first ecosystem. Secondary succession follows a similar process but an existing ecosystem is present. Both forms of succession can progress from pioneer species communities to a stable climax community where few new species arrive or leave.
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The document discusses different theories of plant succession:
1) The classical theory suggests that climax vegetation reaches a steady state once established.
2) The monoclimax theory proposes that each region has one climax community determined by climate.
3) The polyclimax theory argues that many climax communities can exist in a region, controlled by factors like soil moisture and topography.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement of species in a community over time. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces without an ecosystem like volcanic rock, and secondary succession, which happens in disturbed ecosystems. Pioneer species like bacteria and lichens are the first to colonize during primary succession, breaking down rock and forming soil for other species. Eventually a climax community develops that remains stable if undisturbed.
Succession notes 2013
Ecosystems are dynamic communities of living organisms that interact with each other and their non-living environment. Primary succession occurs when organisms first colonize an area that previously had no ecosystem, such as new volcanic land, and gradually establish equilibrium over hundreds of years through pioneer species that establish soil. Secondary succession more rapidly restores an existing ecosystem after a disturbance like fire or logging by taking advantage of existing soil and seeds. Both types of succession help maintain equilibrium in ecosystems over time.
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B10vrv2043
1) Ecological succession is the process by which the species in a community change over time following a disturbance.
2) Primary succession occurs in areas without previous communities, like after volcanic eruptions, while secondary succession follows less severe disturbances where soil remains.
3) Early pioneer species like lichens and grasses establish first, gradually changing the environment and allowing more species to colonize over time.
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The San Andreas Fault runs nearly the length of California and is classified as a strike-slip fault, causing side-to-side movement between tectonic plates that has resulted in many earthquakes. Chemical and physical weathering change and break down rocks through chemical reactions and plant growth, respectively. Mass wasting such as rockslides transport loose rock and soil downslope due to gravity. Erosion by water widens creeks and rivers over time by carrying away eroded material. Marine, transitional, and continental sedimentary environments deposit sediments from moving water in oceans, shorelines, and streams/rivers. Geology informs practical applications like bridges, canals, and oil extraction.
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Ecological succession is the process by which communities of plants and animals gradually replace each other over time in a predictable sequence. Primary succession occurs on new surfaces without soil, being initially colonized by hardy pioneer species like lichens. Secondary succession follows a disturbance to an existing community that does not remove the soil. Factors like seed availability, weather, site conditions, and species interactions influence the progression of succession.
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Ecology succession for blog
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Soil is a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems that provides support and nutrients for plant growth. It is formed through the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition that break down rock into particles over long periods of time. Soil has different layers and is composed of materials like sand, silt, clay, and humus. When healthy, soil supports agriculture and forests while cycling matter and energy in ecosystems, but depleting its nutrients can damage it for generations. The ideal soil composition is loam, containing a mixture of sand, silt and clay with organic matter.
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The coastal ocean biome is where land meets water and includes coral reefs and mangrove habitats found in tropical waters. Organisms in this biome have adapted to the close proximity of land and water. The climate features average wind speeds of 11.3 mph and salinity of 34 parts per thousand. Primary succession would occur if a volcano erupted, destroying the existing environment and allowing lichens and plants to regrow over time as animals repopulate the area. Secondary succession would follow if an already established coastal land was destroyed and then regrew.
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Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. There are two types: primary succession, which occurs on new habitats that have never been colonized, and secondary succession, which occurs on previously colonized habitats that have been disturbed. Primary succession from bare rock follows steps from pioneer lichens and mosses breaking down rock to develop soil, to larger plants like ferns and shrubs, and eventually forests over hundreds of years. Secondary succession is faster as soil and seeds are already present, such as after a forest fire or deforestation.
Succession(Bio1)
The document discusses ecological succession, which refers to predictable changes that occur in a community over time after disturbances. It describes primary succession, which begins in areas with no remnants of older communities, such as those affected by volcanic eruptions. Pioneer species like lichens are the first to colonize these areas. Their growth adds organic matter and forms soil to allow other plants to grow. Secondary succession occurs in areas where communities are partially destroyed, allowing faster regrowth from surviving vegetation and soil. Over time, more species are able to survive as the environment changes. Succession may lead to a stable climax community, though human activities can prevent regrowth of the original community. Studies of areas like Mount St. Helens show primary
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1) The classical theory suggests that climax vegetation reaches a steady state once established.
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Ecosystems are dynamic communities of living organisms that interact with each other and their non-living environment. Primary succession occurs when organisms first colonize an area that previously had no ecosystem, such as new volcanic land, and gradually establish equilibrium over hundreds of years through pioneer species that establish soil. Secondary succession more rapidly restores an existing ecosystem after a disturbance like fire or logging by taking advantage of existing soil and seeds. Both types of succession help maintain equilibrium in ecosystems over time.
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B10vrv2043
1) Ecological succession is the process by which the species in a community change over time following a disturbance.
2) Primary succession occurs in areas without previous communities, like after volcanic eruptions, while secondary succession follows less severe disturbances where soil remains.
3) Early pioneer species like lichens and grasses establish first, gradually changing the environment and allowing more species to colonize over time.
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Rocks vary in size, shape, and texture due to weathering and erosion over hundreds of years. Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering is caused by forces like water, wind, ice, and plants. Chemical weathering occurs when acids from water and carbon dioxide dissolve minerals. Erosion then transports these sediment particles to new locations through agents like wind, water, and animals. This constant weathering and erosion gradually reshapes the landscape over time.
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The San Andreas Fault runs nearly the length of California and is classified as a strike-slip fault, causing side-to-side movement between tectonic plates that has resulted in many earthquakes. Chemical and physical weathering change and break down rocks through chemical reactions and plant growth, respectively. Mass wasting such as rockslides transport loose rock and soil downslope due to gravity. Erosion by water widens creeks and rivers over time by carrying away eroded material. Marine, transitional, and continental sedimentary environments deposit sediments from moving water in oceans, shorelines, and streams/rivers. Geology informs practical applications like bridges, canals, and oil extraction.
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Ecological succession is the process by which communities of plants and animals gradually replace each other over time in a predictable sequence. Primary succession occurs on new surfaces without soil, being initially colonized by hardy pioneer species like lichens. Secondary succession follows a disturbance to an existing community that does not remove the soil. Factors like seed availability, weather, site conditions, and species interactions influence the progression of succession.
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Que Es El Suelo
Soil is a complex mixture that forms the outer layer of the Earth. It is the product of weathering processes acting on rocks and sediments, and contains minerals, organic matter, water, and air. When a soil profile is examined, distinct horizontal layers called horizons can be seen, which differ in color, structure, and chemical composition. The topsoil A horizon contains the most organic matter, while subsoil B horizons below contain fewer nutrients and clays. Soil types and profiles can vary significantly depending on the underlying geology and climate of the location.
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Soil is a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems that provides support and nutrients for plant growth. It is formed through the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition that break down rock into particles over long periods of time. Soil has different layers and is composed of materials like sand, silt, clay, and humus. When healthy, soil supports agriculture and forests while cycling matter and energy in ecosystems, but depleting its nutrients can damage it for generations. The ideal soil composition is loam, containing a mixture of sand, silt and clay with organic matter.
Coastal ocean
The coastal ocean biome is where land meets water and includes coral reefs and mangrove habitats found in tropical waters. Organisms in this biome have adapted to the close proximity of land and water. The climate features average wind speeds of 11.3 mph and salinity of 34 parts per thousand. Primary succession would occur if a volcano erupted near the coast, destroying the existing environment and allowing it to be rebuilt over time through the growth of lichens, plants, and eventually animal populations. Secondary succession would follow if an already established coastal land was destroyed and then rebuilt in the same process.
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The coastal ocean biome is where land meets water and includes coral reefs and mangrove habitats found in tropical waters. Organisms in this biome have adapted to the close proximity of land and water. The climate features average wind speeds of 11.3 mph and salinity of 34 parts per thousand. Primary succession would occur if a volcano erupted, destroying the existing environment and allowing lichens and plants to regrow over time as animals repopulate the area. Secondary succession would follow if an already established coastal land was destroyed and then regrew.
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44.soil and soil concepts presentation by allah dad khan
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Extinction ppt student template
The document discusses natural extinction versus accelerated or human-caused extinction. It notes that 99.999% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct, with natural extinction occurring through environmental disturbances, while accelerated extinction is caused by human activities like hunting, agriculture, habitat destruction, pollution, and international trade. It states that the current rate of extinction is 50,000+ species every 5-10 years, and if nothing is done 1/3 of all living things may be lost within 30 years. The document lists characteristics of extinction-prone species and questions if the reader with those traits is doomed.
Key concepts chapters 13 and 14
1. The document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapters 13 and 14, including direct and indirect causes of deforestation, methods of harvesting trees, causes of extinction, logistic growth curves and their assumptions, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) versus optimum sustainable population (OSP), the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and its goals, characteristics of extinction-prone species, and three case studies on fisheries, fire management, and paper production.
Ch 13 and 14 student template ppt 2010
This document discusses forests, deforestation, wildlife management, fisheries, and endangered species. It notes that forests are economically and ecologically important but deforestation is a major environmental concern. Deforestation is driven by wood usage, which is predicted to double by 2050, and paper production, which uses 30% of the world's paper despite only 5% of the population. Unsustainable logging and fishing practices have depleted fish and whale populations. International agreements have established protections and regulations for fisheries, whaling, and endangered species to curb overexploitation and prevent extinctions.
Ch 12 ppt 2010
This document discusses sustainable agriculture and its environmental impacts. It covers topics like soil structure and erosion, sustainable farming practices like crop rotation and cover crops, integrated pest management, causes of desertification, and issues with factory farming. The key goals of sustainable farming are to conserve soil and water resources and minimize pollution. Practices that reduce soil erosion include contour plowing, terracing, shelterbelts, and low- or no-till plowing. Cover crops and crop rotation help maintain soil nutrients and prevent excess nitrogen runoff. Integrated pest management uses a combination of biological, cultural and targeted chemical controls. Desertification is worsened by poor farming, overgrazing, deforestation and climate change.
Ch 9 ppt eating lower of the food chain
The document discusses the environmental impacts of eating meat and dairy products, particularly beef and dairy cows. It notes that animal agriculture uses significant amounts of agricultural land, water, and fossil fuels to produce meat and dairy. Specifically, it states that cows alone use 50% of agricultural land but only provide 18% of calories. It also discusses the water, pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas impacts of industrial animal agriculture. The document advocates for eating lower on the food chain to reduce these environmental impacts.
Ch 9 ppt
This document discusses biological productivity and energy flow in ecosystems. It begins by defining biomass as the total amount of organic matter in an ecosystem, which increases through plant and animal growth. It then explains that ecosystems are open to energy flow, with energy entering as food and leaving as heat or being stored. The laws of thermodynamics state that energy is conserved but always moves to less organized states, increasing entropy. Energy flows in one direction and organisms are generally inefficient at utilizing energy for growth.
Island biogeography activity procedure
This document provides student instructions for an activity exploring the theory of island biogeography. Students will simulate habitat fragmentation by analyzing how bean "migrants" spread from a main ecosystem to four island habitats of varying sizes and distances. They will conduct five trials, recording the number of beans reaching each island and calculating averages and percentages. The goal is to observe how island characteristics like size and distance affect biodiversity, as measured by the number of migrant beans reaching different islands.
Ch 8 Island biogeography lab
1) This document contains an activity guiding students through a simulation of island biogeography. It asks students to hypothesize which type of island (large and close, large but far, small but close, small and far) will receive the most immigrants.
2) Students are instructed to record immigration data to each island type over 5 years and calculate averages to determine which island received the highest percentage of total immigrants.
3) The document asks students to analyze whether their original hypothesis was correct based on the results and explain the outcomes of the simulation.
Ch 6 - 8 key concepts
This document provides an outline of key concepts and material to include in a study guide for chapters 6-8 of an environmental science textbook. The summary should include:
1. Ecological topics such as food webs, trophic levels, keystone species, and the basic processes in ecosystems.
2. Factors that increase and decrease biodiversity, reasons to preserve biodiversity, and the different types of biological diversity.
3. Evolutionary concepts including natural selection, mutation, adaptation, and speciation.
4. Ecological interactions like niches, competition, and symbiosis and being able to analyze examples.
5. Comparing reproduction strategies like r-selected and K-selected
Ch 7 laws ppt
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was enacted in 1973 as the most far-reaching law for endangered species preservation passed by any nation. It protects over 1000 animals and provides penalties for harming endangered species or their habitats. The ESA works by listing species, designating critical habitats, developing recovery plans, and reviewing federal agency actions. The Lacey Act, originally passed in 1900, was one of the earliest US laws aimed at wildlife protection and was expanded in 1981 and 1988 to prohibit illegal wildlife trade internationally and domestically. CITES is an international agreement between governments to ensure wildlife trade does not threaten species' survival. It lists species in three appendices based on protection level.
Ch 7 8 ppt 2010 student notes
This document discusses several key concepts related to biological diversity and biogeography:
1. It defines biological evolution as changes in inherited traits over generations and outlines some processes that lead to evolution like mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, and geographic isolation of populations.
2. It discusses factors that influence biodiversity like habitat diversity, species diversity, and environmental conditions. Greater biodiversity is seen in areas with more physically diverse habitats, moderate disturbance, and small environmental variation.
3. It outlines biogeography patterns seen on different continents and islands, explaining how continental drift, isolation, and adaptation to new environments has led to divergent evolution and speciation over time.
Rubric for scrAPESbook 2010 5 articles
This document contains 3 rubrics for evaluating a scrAPESbook project. Each rubric awards up to 65 total points. For 5 articles, students can earn 10 points for each perfect summary and opinion paragraph, with fewer points awarded for incomplete work. Students can also earn up to 5 points for a table of contents and 10 points for the overall quality of work presentation.
Ch 5 key concepts
The document outlines key concepts about biogeochemical cycles for an APES chapter. Students should understand: 1) the differences between macro and micronutrients and examples of each, 2) the six main macronutrients and how limitations can impact growth, 3) the differences in cycling speed between elements with and without gaseous phases, 4) the four groups of cycles that make up the larger geologic cycle, and 5) human impacts that can disrupt the nitrogen, carbon, and water cycles.
Ch 6 ppt 2010 lecture
This document discusses ecosystems and ecological communities through a case study on acorns and their connections. It emphasizes that living things are affected by and affect non-living things through complex relationships. It stresses the importance of understanding ecosystems, including their structure, processes, changes over time, energy flow, complexity, interconnectedness, and keystone species. Students are assigned to read three case studies and answer questions about bison, prairie dogs, wolves, and salmon to further examine these concepts.
Ch 6 ppt 2010 lecture
This document discusses ecosystems and ecological communities through a case study on acorns and their connections. It emphasizes that living things are affected by and affect non-living things through complex relationships. It stresses the importance of understanding ecosystems, including their structure, processes, changes over time, energy flow, complexity, interconnectedness, and keystone species. It assigns reading three case studies on buffalo, prairie dogs, Yellowstone wolves, and salmon to answer topic questions.
Ch 5 ppt
This document discusses biogeochemical cycles, specifically the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. It notes that the carbon cycle involves both gaseous (CO2, CH4) and non-gaseous forms. The nitrogen cycle moves between the atmosphere as N2 gas, into the soil through nitrogen fixation by bacteria, into plants, then back through decay. Phosphorus differs in that it has no gaseous stage and is stored in rocks and soil organic matter, becoming available to plants through microbial conversion to phosphates.
Ch 4 Key Concepts
This document provides an overview of key concepts to understand for a chapter on human populations, including how to interpret age structure and demographic transition diagrams, calculate demographic rates, compare causes of mortality in developed and developing nations, identify effective ways to slow population growth, understand how technology impacts growth, recognize Thomas Malthus' predictions, compare exponential and logistic growth models, and examine population control policies of countries like China and India.
Ch 4 ppt
The document discusses human population growth and its environmental impacts. It uses Bangladesh as a case study. Some key points:
- Population growth has "exploded" in modern times due to factors like agriculture and industrialization. The world's population increases by over 1 million people every 4 days.
- Developing countries will play a bigger role in future population growth due to higher birth rates compared to developed countries.
- Population growth rates are slowing in developed countries as they undergo demographic transitions towards lower birth rates with improved living standards and education.
FRQ Guidelines
This document provides tips for maximizing your score on free response questions for the AP exam. It recommends pacing yourself to spend about 22 minutes per question, organizing your thoughts before writing, writing clearly, underlining key points, including complete explanations, writing stronger examples first, staying on topic, using paragraph style writing rather than bullets, demonstrating a deep understanding of the prompt, supporting statements with evidence, and showing all work for math questions. It also notes the types of questions that will be on the AP exam.
Ecological Footprint Lab
The ecological footprint is a measurement tool used to calculate human consumption of ecological resources and waste assimilation. It measures the sustainability of lifestyles by calculating the amount of productive land required to meet consumption needs and absorb waste. Taking an online quiz, it was found that [YOUR NAME]'s lifestyle requires the annual resources of [X] number of planets and occupies [Y] acres. Various categories of daily activities and their environmental impacts were identified, along with potential reductions that could decrease the footprint.
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Ch 10 ppt
- 1. Chapter 10Chapter 10 EcologicalEcological RestorationRestorationEcological SuccessionEcological Succession Natural recovery (to state prior to humanNatural recovery (to state prior to human disturbance) is possible if damage is notdisturbance) is possible if damage is not too greattoo great Must have a good understanding ofMust have a good understanding of natural succession to facilitate recoverynatural succession to facilitate recovery
- 2. Two kinds ofTwo kinds of succession:succession: Primary successionPrimary succession:: establishment of anestablishment of an ecosystem where thereecosystem where there was none beforewas none before Retreating glaciers Sand dune succession Volcano
- 3. Secondary successionSecondary succession: reestablishment of an: reestablishment of an ecosystem following disturbanceecosystem following disturbance On an abandoned clearing or after a fire
- 4. Patterns of Species ChangePatterns of Species Change During SuccessionDuring Succession FacilitationFacilitation:: InterferenceInterference:: Life History DifferencesLife History Differences:: Chronic PatchinessChronic Patchiness::
- 5. Chemical CyclingChemical Cycling Organic matter:Organic matter: Organic matter is soil’s best friend!
- 7. Soils store more chemical elements thanSoils store more chemical elements than living things, but cycle much more slowlyliving things, but cycle much more slowly In mature ecosystems more elementsIn mature ecosystems more elements are stored in the trees/flora and soils mayare stored in the trees/flora and soils may be very poor.be very poor.
- 8. Sand is larger Holds less nutrients Clay particles are very small and hold more nutrients Importance of surface area
- 9. Disturbances, such as fire, returnDisturbances, such as fire, return elements to soil (highly water soluble) forelements to soil (highly water soluble) for rapid re-growthrapid re-growth Uprooted trees, from storms:Uprooted trees, from storms:
- 10. Restoration is…Restoration is… More difficult on lands that have…More difficult on lands that have… Lost organic matter due to leaching,Lost organic matter due to leaching, overuse…overuse… been subjected to:been subjected to:
- 11. What’s the ultimateWhat’s the ultimate fate?fate? Climax state:Climax state: Does it last forever with no disturbance?Does it last forever with no disturbance? OROR Gradual loss of nutrients in soil, slowGradual loss of nutrients in soil, slow biological deteriorationbiological deterioration
- 12. Possible Answer:Possible Answer: Seems to be a balance betweenSeems to be a balance between AndAnd Addition of nutrientsAddition of nutrients into ecosystem as livinginto ecosystem as living things grow and die and decaythings grow and die and decay The climax state appears not to existThe climax state appears not to exist indefinitelyindefinitely Deterioration appears to occurDeterioration appears to occur