Cloud environment supports data sharing between multiple users. Data integrity is violated
due to hardware / software failures and human errors. Data owners and public verifiers are involved to
efficiently audit cloud data integrity without retrieving the entire data from the cloud server. File and
block signatures are used in the integrity verification process.
“One Ring to RUle Them All” (Oruta) scheme is used for privacy-preserving public auditing process. In
oruta homomorphic authenticators are constructed using Ring Signatures. Ring signatures are used to
compute verification metadata needed to audit the correctness of shared data. The identity of the signer
on each block in shared data is kept private from public verifiers. Homomorphic authenticable ring
signature (HARS) scheme is applied to provide identity privacy with blockless verification. Batch
auditing mechanism supports to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously. Oruta is compatible
with random masking to preserve data privacy from public verifiers. Dynamic data management process
is handled with index hash tables. Traceability is not supported in oruta scheme. Data dynamism
sequence is not managed by the system. The system obtains high computational overhead
The proposed system is designed to perform public data verification with privacy. Traceability features
are provided with identity privacy. Group manager or data owner can be allowed to reveal the identity of
the signer based on verification metadata. Data version management mechanism is integrated with the
system.
Privacy Preserving Public Auditing and Data Integrity for Secure Cloud Storag...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Using cloud services, anyone can remotely store their data and can have the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared pool of computing resources, without the burden of local data storage and maintenance. Cloud is a commonplace for storing data as well as sharing of that data. However, preserving the privacy and maintaining integrity of data during public auditing remains to be an open challenge. In this paper, we introducing a third party auditor (TPA), which will keep track of all the files along with their integrity. The task of TPA is to verify the data, so that the user will be worry-free. Verification of data is done on the aggregate authenticators sent by the user and Cloud Service Provider (CSP). For this, we propose a secure cloud storage system which supports privacy-preserving public auditing and blockless data verification over the cloud
SURVEY ON DYNAMIC DATA SHARING IN PUBLIC CLOUD USING MULTI-AUTHORITY SYSTEMijiert bestjournal
The continuous development of cloud computing,seve ral trends are opening up to new forms of outsourci ng. Public data integrity auditing is not secure and efficient for shared dynamic data. In existing scheme figure out the collusion attack and provide an efficient public integrity au diting scheme,with the help of secure group user r evocation based on vector commitment and verifier�local revocation group signature. It provides secure and efficient s cheme which support public checking and efficient user revocati on. Problem of existing work they used TPA (Third p arty auditor) for key generation and key agreement. Use of TPA as central system if it fails then whole system gets failed. If we are working with cloud,user identity is major conc ern because user doesn�t want to reveal his persona l information to public. This concept not included in it. In this paper,based these con�s we proposed a dynamic dat a sharing in public cloud using multi-authority system. The prop osed scheme is able to protect user�s privacy again st each single authority. .
Security Check in Cloud Computing through Third Party Auditorijsrd.com
In cloud computing, data owners crowd their data on cloud servers and users (data consumers) can access the data from cloud servers. Due to the data outsourcing, however, it requires an independent auditing service to check the data integrity in the cloud. Some existing remote integrity checking method scan only serve for static records data. Thus, cannot be used in the auditing service since the data in the cloud can be animatedly updated. Thus, an efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol is required to convince data owners that the data are correctly stored in the cloud. In this paper, we first design an auditing framework for cloud storage systems for privacy-preserving auditing protocol. Then, we extend our auditing protocol to support the data dynamic operations, which is efficient to secure the random model.
Integrity Privacy to Public Auditing for Shared Data in Cloud ComputingIJERA Editor
In cloud computing, many mechanisms have been proposed to allow not only a data owner itself but also a public verifier to efficiently perform integrity checking without downloading the entire data from the cloud, which is referred to as public auditing . In these mechanisms, data is divided into many small blocks, where each block is independently signed by the owner; and a random combination of all the blocks instead of the whole data is retrieved during integrity checking .However, public auditing for such shared data— while preserving identity privacy — remains to be an open challenge. Here, we only consider how to audit the integrity of shared data in the cloud with static groups. It means the group is pre-defined before shared data is created in the cloud and the membership of users in the group is not changed during data sharing. The original user is responsible for deciding who is able to share her data before outsourcing data to the cloud. Another interesting problem is how to audit the integrity of shared data in the cloud with dynamic groups — a new user can be added into the group and an existing group member can be revoked during data sharing.
Privacy Preserving Public Auditing and Data Integrity for Secure Cloud Storag...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Using cloud services, anyone can remotely store their data and can have the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared pool of computing resources, without the burden of local data storage and maintenance. Cloud is a commonplace for storing data as well as sharing of that data. However, preserving the privacy and maintaining integrity of data during public auditing remains to be an open challenge. In this paper, we introducing a third party auditor (TPA), which will keep track of all the files along with their integrity. The task of TPA is to verify the data, so that the user will be worry-free. Verification of data is done on the aggregate authenticators sent by the user and Cloud Service Provider (CSP). For this, we propose a secure cloud storage system which supports privacy-preserving public auditing and blockless data verification over the cloud
SURVEY ON DYNAMIC DATA SHARING IN PUBLIC CLOUD USING MULTI-AUTHORITY SYSTEMijiert bestjournal
The continuous development of cloud computing,seve ral trends are opening up to new forms of outsourci ng. Public data integrity auditing is not secure and efficient for shared dynamic data. In existing scheme figure out the collusion attack and provide an efficient public integrity au diting scheme,with the help of secure group user r evocation based on vector commitment and verifier�local revocation group signature. It provides secure and efficient s cheme which support public checking and efficient user revocati on. Problem of existing work they used TPA (Third p arty auditor) for key generation and key agreement. Use of TPA as central system if it fails then whole system gets failed. If we are working with cloud,user identity is major conc ern because user doesn�t want to reveal his persona l information to public. This concept not included in it. In this paper,based these con�s we proposed a dynamic dat a sharing in public cloud using multi-authority system. The prop osed scheme is able to protect user�s privacy again st each single authority. .
Security Check in Cloud Computing through Third Party Auditorijsrd.com
In cloud computing, data owners crowd their data on cloud servers and users (data consumers) can access the data from cloud servers. Due to the data outsourcing, however, it requires an independent auditing service to check the data integrity in the cloud. Some existing remote integrity checking method scan only serve for static records data. Thus, cannot be used in the auditing service since the data in the cloud can be animatedly updated. Thus, an efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol is required to convince data owners that the data are correctly stored in the cloud. In this paper, we first design an auditing framework for cloud storage systems for privacy-preserving auditing protocol. Then, we extend our auditing protocol to support the data dynamic operations, which is efficient to secure the random model.
Integrity Privacy to Public Auditing for Shared Data in Cloud ComputingIJERA Editor
In cloud computing, many mechanisms have been proposed to allow not only a data owner itself but also a public verifier to efficiently perform integrity checking without downloading the entire data from the cloud, which is referred to as public auditing . In these mechanisms, data is divided into many small blocks, where each block is independently signed by the owner; and a random combination of all the blocks instead of the whole data is retrieved during integrity checking .However, public auditing for such shared data— while preserving identity privacy — remains to be an open challenge. Here, we only consider how to audit the integrity of shared data in the cloud with static groups. It means the group is pre-defined before shared data is created in the cloud and the membership of users in the group is not changed during data sharing. The original user is responsible for deciding who is able to share her data before outsourcing data to the cloud. Another interesting problem is how to audit the integrity of shared data in the cloud with dynamic groups — a new user can be added into the group and an existing group member can be revoked during data sharing.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Approved TPA along with Integrity Verification in CloudEditor IJCATR
Cloud computing is new model that helps cloud user to
access resources in pay-as-you-go fashion. This helped the firm to
reduce high capital investments in their own IT organization. Data
security is one of the major issues in cloud computing environment.
The cloud user stores their data on cloud storage will have no longer
direct control over their data. The existing systems already supported
the data integrity check without possessions of actual data file. The
Data Auditing is the method of verification of the user data which is
stored on cloud and is done by the TTP called as TPA. There are
many drawbacks of existing techniques. First, in spite some of the
recent works which supports updates on fixed-sized data blocks
which are called coarse-grained updates, do not support for variablesized
block operations. Second, an essential authorization is missing
between CSP, the cloud user and the TPA. The newly proposed
scheme will support for Fine-grained data updates on dynamic data
using RMHT algorithm and also supports for authorization of TPA.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Insuring Security for Outsourced Data Stored in Cloud EnvironmentEditor IJCATR
The cloud storage offers users with infrastructure flexibility, faster deployment of applications and data, cost
control, adaptation of cloud resources to real needs, improved productivity, etc. Inspite of these advantageous factors, there
are several deterrents to the widespread adoption of cloud computing remain. Among them, security towards the correctness
of the outsourced data and issues of privacy lead a major role. In order to avoid security risk for the outsourced data, we
propose the dynamic audit services that enables integrity verification of untrusted and outsourced storages. An interactive
proof system (IPS) with the zero knowledge property is introduced to provide public auditability without downloading raw
data and protect privacy of the data. In the proposed system data owner stores the large number of data in cloud after e
encrypting the data with private key and also send public key to third party auditor (TPA) for auditing purpose. TPA in
clouds and it’s maintained by CSP. An Authorized Application (AA), which holds a data owners secret key (sk) and
manipulate the outsourced data and update the associated IHT stored in TPA. Finally Cloud users access the services through
the AA. Our system also provides secure auditing while the data owner outsourcing the data in the cloud. And after
performing auditing operations, security solutions are enhanced for the purpose of detecting malicious users with the help of
Certificate Authority
Data Partitioning Technique In Cloud: A Survey On Limitation And BenefitsIJERA Editor
In recent years,increment in the growth and popularity of cloud services has lead the enterprises to an increase in the capability to handle, store and retrieve critical data. This technology access a shared group of configurable computing resources, which are- servers,storage and applications. Cloud computing is a succeeding generation architecture of IT enterprise, which convert the application software and databaseto large data hubs.Data security and storage of data is an essential functionality of cloud services.It allows data storage in the cloud server efficiently without any worry. Cloud services includes request service, wide web access, measured services, just single click away ,easy usage, just pay for the services you use and location independent.All these features poses many security challenges.The data partitioning techniques are used in literature, for privacy conserving and security of data, using third party auditor (TPA). Objective of the current workis to review all available partitioning technique in literature and analyze them. Through this work authors will compare and identify the limitations and benefits of the available and widely used partitioning techniques.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Trust models for Grid security environment – Authentication and Authorization methods – Grid security infrastructure – Cloud Infrastructure security: network, host and application level – aspects of data security, provider data and its security, Identity and access management architecture, IAM practices in the cloud, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS availability in the cloud, Key privacy issues in the cloud.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
DISTRIBUTED SCHEME TO AUTHENTICATE DATA STORAGE SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijcsit
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces
database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data
may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical,
physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges
which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been
an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and
efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent
features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this
scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and
secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to
traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls,
cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data
management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis
describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted
failures and server clouding attacks.
Authenticated and unrestricted auditing of big data space on cloud through v...IJMER
Cloud unlocks a different era in Information technology where it has the capability of providing the customers with a variety of scalable and flexible services. Cloud provides these services through a prepaid system, which helps the customers cut down on large investments on IT hardware
and other infrastructure. Also according to the Cloud viewpoint, customers don’t have control on their
respective data. Hence security of data is a big issue of using a Cloud service. Present work shows that
the data auditing can be done by any third party agent who is trusted and known as auditor. The auditor can verify the integrity of the data without having the ownership of the actual data. There are many disadvantages for the above approach. One of them is the absence of a required verification procedure among the auditor and service provider which means any person can ask for the verification of the file which puts this auditing at certain risk. Also in the existing scheme the data updates can be
done only for coarse granular updates i.e. blocks with the uneven size. And hence resulting in repeated communication and updating of auditor for a whole file block causing higher communication costs and
requires more storage space. In this paper, the emphasis is to give a proper breakdown for types of
fixed granular updates and put forward a design that will be capable to maintain authenticated and unrestricted auditing. Based on this system, there is also an approach for remarkably decreasing the communication costs for auditing little updates
A Secure, Scalable, Flexible and Fine-Grained Access Control Using Hierarchic...Editor IJCATR
Cloud Computing is going to be very popular technology in IT enterprises. For any enterprise the data stored is very huge
and invaluable. Since all tasks are performed through network it has become vital to have the secured use of legitimate data. In cloud
computing the most important matter of concern are data security and privacy along with flexibility, scalability and fine grained access
control of data being the other requirements to be maintained by cloud systems Access control is one of the prominent research topics
and hence various schemes have been proposed and implemented. But most of them do not provide flexibility, scalability and fine
grained access control of the data on the cloud. In order to address the issues of flexibility, scalability and fine grained access control
of remotely stored data on cloud we have proposed the hierarchical attribute set-based encryption (HASBE) which is the extension of
attribute- set-based encryption(ASBE) with a hierarchical structure of users. The proposed scheme achieves scalability by handling the
authority to appropriate entity in the hierarchical structure, inherits flexibility by allowing easy transfer and access to the data in case
of location switch. It provides fine grained access control of data by showing only the requested and authorized details to the user thus
improving the performance of the system. In addition, it provides efficient user revocation within expiration time, request to view
extra-attributes and privacy in the intra-level hierarchy is achieved. Thus the scheme is implemented to show that is efficient in access
control of data as well as security of data stored on cloud with comprehensive experiments
Improve HLA based Encryption Process using fixed Size Aggregate Key generationEditor IJMTER
Cloud computing is an innovative idea for IT industries which provides several services to
users. In cloud computing secure authentication and data integrity of data is a major challenge, due to
internal and external threats. For improvement in data security over cloud, various techniques are
used.MAC based authentication is one of them, which suffers from undesirable systematic demerits
which have bounded usage and not secure verification, which may pose additional online load to users,
in a public auditing setting. Reliable and secure auditing are also challenging in cloud. In Cloud auditing
existing audit systems are based on aggregate key HLA algorithm. This algorithm is based on variable
sizes, different aggregate key generation, which encounters with security issues at decryption level.
Current Scheme generates a high length of key decryption that encounters with problem of space
complexity. To overcome these issues, We can improve HLA algorithm by improve aggregate key
generation, based on fixed key size. This algorithm generates constant aggregate key which will
overcomes problem of sharing of keys, security issues and space complexity.
Cloud computing is the technology which enables obtaining resources like so services,
software, hardware over the internet. With cloud storage users can store their data remotely and
enjoy on-demand services and application from the configurable resources. The cloud data storage
has many benefits over local data storage. Users should be able to just use the cloud storage as if it is
local, without worrying about the need to verify its integrity. The problem is that ensuring data
security and integrity of data of user. Sohere, I am going to have public audit ability for cloud storage
that users can resort to a third-party auditor (TPA) to check the integrity of data. This paper gives the
various issues related to privacy while storing the user’s data to the cloud storage during the TPA
auditing. Without appropriate security and privacy solutions designed for clouds this computing
paradigm could become a big failure. I am a giving privacy-preserving public auditing using ring
signature process for secure cloud storage system. This paper is going to analyze various techniques
to solve these issues and to provide the privacy and security to the data in cloud
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical, physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted failures and server clouding attacks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Approved TPA along with Integrity Verification in CloudEditor IJCATR
Cloud computing is new model that helps cloud user to
access resources in pay-as-you-go fashion. This helped the firm to
reduce high capital investments in their own IT organization. Data
security is one of the major issues in cloud computing environment.
The cloud user stores their data on cloud storage will have no longer
direct control over their data. The existing systems already supported
the data integrity check without possessions of actual data file. The
Data Auditing is the method of verification of the user data which is
stored on cloud and is done by the TTP called as TPA. There are
many drawbacks of existing techniques. First, in spite some of the
recent works which supports updates on fixed-sized data blocks
which are called coarse-grained updates, do not support for variablesized
block operations. Second, an essential authorization is missing
between CSP, the cloud user and the TPA. The newly proposed
scheme will support for Fine-grained data updates on dynamic data
using RMHT algorithm and also supports for authorization of TPA.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Insuring Security for Outsourced Data Stored in Cloud EnvironmentEditor IJCATR
The cloud storage offers users with infrastructure flexibility, faster deployment of applications and data, cost
control, adaptation of cloud resources to real needs, improved productivity, etc. Inspite of these advantageous factors, there
are several deterrents to the widespread adoption of cloud computing remain. Among them, security towards the correctness
of the outsourced data and issues of privacy lead a major role. In order to avoid security risk for the outsourced data, we
propose the dynamic audit services that enables integrity verification of untrusted and outsourced storages. An interactive
proof system (IPS) with the zero knowledge property is introduced to provide public auditability without downloading raw
data and protect privacy of the data. In the proposed system data owner stores the large number of data in cloud after e
encrypting the data with private key and also send public key to third party auditor (TPA) for auditing purpose. TPA in
clouds and it’s maintained by CSP. An Authorized Application (AA), which holds a data owners secret key (sk) and
manipulate the outsourced data and update the associated IHT stored in TPA. Finally Cloud users access the services through
the AA. Our system also provides secure auditing while the data owner outsourcing the data in the cloud. And after
performing auditing operations, security solutions are enhanced for the purpose of detecting malicious users with the help of
Certificate Authority
Data Partitioning Technique In Cloud: A Survey On Limitation And BenefitsIJERA Editor
In recent years,increment in the growth and popularity of cloud services has lead the enterprises to an increase in the capability to handle, store and retrieve critical data. This technology access a shared group of configurable computing resources, which are- servers,storage and applications. Cloud computing is a succeeding generation architecture of IT enterprise, which convert the application software and databaseto large data hubs.Data security and storage of data is an essential functionality of cloud services.It allows data storage in the cloud server efficiently without any worry. Cloud services includes request service, wide web access, measured services, just single click away ,easy usage, just pay for the services you use and location independent.All these features poses many security challenges.The data partitioning techniques are used in literature, for privacy conserving and security of data, using third party auditor (TPA). Objective of the current workis to review all available partitioning technique in literature and analyze them. Through this work authors will compare and identify the limitations and benefits of the available and widely used partitioning techniques.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Trust models for Grid security environment – Authentication and Authorization methods – Grid security infrastructure – Cloud Infrastructure security: network, host and application level – aspects of data security, provider data and its security, Identity and access management architecture, IAM practices in the cloud, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS availability in the cloud, Key privacy issues in the cloud.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
DISTRIBUTED SCHEME TO AUTHENTICATE DATA STORAGE SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijcsit
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces
database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data
may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical,
physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges
which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been
an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and
efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent
features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this
scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and
secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to
traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls,
cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data
management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis
describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted
failures and server clouding attacks.
Authenticated and unrestricted auditing of big data space on cloud through v...IJMER
Cloud unlocks a different era in Information technology where it has the capability of providing the customers with a variety of scalable and flexible services. Cloud provides these services through a prepaid system, which helps the customers cut down on large investments on IT hardware
and other infrastructure. Also according to the Cloud viewpoint, customers don’t have control on their
respective data. Hence security of data is a big issue of using a Cloud service. Present work shows that
the data auditing can be done by any third party agent who is trusted and known as auditor. The auditor can verify the integrity of the data without having the ownership of the actual data. There are many disadvantages for the above approach. One of them is the absence of a required verification procedure among the auditor and service provider which means any person can ask for the verification of the file which puts this auditing at certain risk. Also in the existing scheme the data updates can be
done only for coarse granular updates i.e. blocks with the uneven size. And hence resulting in repeated communication and updating of auditor for a whole file block causing higher communication costs and
requires more storage space. In this paper, the emphasis is to give a proper breakdown for types of
fixed granular updates and put forward a design that will be capable to maintain authenticated and unrestricted auditing. Based on this system, there is also an approach for remarkably decreasing the communication costs for auditing little updates
A Secure, Scalable, Flexible and Fine-Grained Access Control Using Hierarchic...Editor IJCATR
Cloud Computing is going to be very popular technology in IT enterprises. For any enterprise the data stored is very huge
and invaluable. Since all tasks are performed through network it has become vital to have the secured use of legitimate data. In cloud
computing the most important matter of concern are data security and privacy along with flexibility, scalability and fine grained access
control of data being the other requirements to be maintained by cloud systems Access control is one of the prominent research topics
and hence various schemes have been proposed and implemented. But most of them do not provide flexibility, scalability and fine
grained access control of the data on the cloud. In order to address the issues of flexibility, scalability and fine grained access control
of remotely stored data on cloud we have proposed the hierarchical attribute set-based encryption (HASBE) which is the extension of
attribute- set-based encryption(ASBE) with a hierarchical structure of users. The proposed scheme achieves scalability by handling the
authority to appropriate entity in the hierarchical structure, inherits flexibility by allowing easy transfer and access to the data in case
of location switch. It provides fine grained access control of data by showing only the requested and authorized details to the user thus
improving the performance of the system. In addition, it provides efficient user revocation within expiration time, request to view
extra-attributes and privacy in the intra-level hierarchy is achieved. Thus the scheme is implemented to show that is efficient in access
control of data as well as security of data stored on cloud with comprehensive experiments
Improve HLA based Encryption Process using fixed Size Aggregate Key generationEditor IJMTER
Cloud computing is an innovative idea for IT industries which provides several services to
users. In cloud computing secure authentication and data integrity of data is a major challenge, due to
internal and external threats. For improvement in data security over cloud, various techniques are
used.MAC based authentication is one of them, which suffers from undesirable systematic demerits
which have bounded usage and not secure verification, which may pose additional online load to users,
in a public auditing setting. Reliable and secure auditing are also challenging in cloud. In Cloud auditing
existing audit systems are based on aggregate key HLA algorithm. This algorithm is based on variable
sizes, different aggregate key generation, which encounters with security issues at decryption level.
Current Scheme generates a high length of key decryption that encounters with problem of space
complexity. To overcome these issues, We can improve HLA algorithm by improve aggregate key
generation, based on fixed key size. This algorithm generates constant aggregate key which will
overcomes problem of sharing of keys, security issues and space complexity.
Cloud computing is the technology which enables obtaining resources like so services,
software, hardware over the internet. With cloud storage users can store their data remotely and
enjoy on-demand services and application from the configurable resources. The cloud data storage
has many benefits over local data storage. Users should be able to just use the cloud storage as if it is
local, without worrying about the need to verify its integrity. The problem is that ensuring data
security and integrity of data of user. Sohere, I am going to have public audit ability for cloud storage
that users can resort to a third-party auditor (TPA) to check the integrity of data. This paper gives the
various issues related to privacy while storing the user’s data to the cloud storage during the TPA
auditing. Without appropriate security and privacy solutions designed for clouds this computing
paradigm could become a big failure. I am a giving privacy-preserving public auditing using ring
signature process for secure cloud storage system. This paper is going to analyze various techniques
to solve these issues and to provide the privacy and security to the data in cloud
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical, physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted failures and server clouding attacks.
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical, physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted failures and server clouding attacks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Excellent Manner of Using Secure way of data storage in cloud computingEditor IJMTER
The major challenging issue in Cloud computing is Security. Providing Security is big issue
towards protecting data from third person as well as in Internet. This mainly deals the Security how it is
provided. Various type of services are there to protect our data and Various Services are available in Cloud
Computing to Utilize effective manner as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS),
Hardware as a Service (HaaS). Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and
software) that are delivered as a service over Internet network. Cloud Computing moves the Application
software and databases to the large data centres, where the administration of the data and services may not
be fully trustworthy that is in third party here the party has to get certified and authorized. Since Cloud
Computing share distributed resources via network in the open environment thus it makes new security
risks towards the correctness of the data in cloud. I propose in this paper flexibility of data storage
mechanism in the distributed environment by using the homomorphism token generation. In the proposed
system, users need to allow auditing the cloud storage with lightweight communication. While using
Encryption and Decryption methods it is very burden for a single processor. Than the processing
Capabilities can we utilize from Cloud Computing.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
A Secure Cloud Storage System with Data Forwarding using Proxy Re-encryption ...IJTET Journal
Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common support which contributes services on
demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. A cloud storage system, consisting of a collection
of storage servers, affords long-term storage services over the internet. Storing the data in a third party cloud system cause serious
concern over data confidentiality, without considering the local infrastructure limitations, the cloud services allow the user to enjoy the
cloud applications. As the different users may be working in the collaborative relationship, the data sharing becomes significant to
achieve productive benefit during the data accessing. The existing security system only focuses on the authentication; it shows that
user’s private data cannot be accessed by the fake users. To address the above cloud storage privacy issue shared authority based
privacy-preserving authentication protocol is used. In the SAPA, the shared access authority is achieved by anonymous access request
and privacy consideration, attribute based access control allows the user to access their own data fields. To provide the data sharing
among the multiple users proxy re-encryption scheme is applied by the cloud server. The privacy-preserving data access authority
sharing is attractive for multi-user collaborative cloud applications.
A Secure Cloud Storage System with Data Forwarding using Proxy Re-encryption ...IJTET Journal
Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common support which contributes services on demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. A cloud storage system, consisting of a collection of storage servers, affords long-term storage services over the internet. Storing the data in a third party cloud system cause serious concern over data confidentiality, without considering the local infrastructure limitations, the cloud services allow the user to enjoy the cloud applications. As the different users may be working in the collaborative relationship, the data sharing becomes significant to achieve productive benefit during the data accessing. The existing security system only focuses on the authentication; it shows that user’s private data cannot be accessed by the fake users. To address the above cloud storage privacy issue shared authority based privacy-preserving authentication protocol is used. In the SAPA, the shared access authority is achieved by anonymous access request and privacy consideration, attribute based access control allows the user to access their own data fields. To provide the data sharing among the multiple users proxy re-encryption scheme is applied by the cloud server. The privacy-preserving data access authority sharing is attractive for multi-user collaborative cloud applications.
Effective & Flexible Cryptography Based Scheme for Ensuring User`s Data Secur...ijsrd.com
Cloud computing has been envisioned as the next-generation architecture of IT enterprise. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centers, where the management of the data and services may not be fully trustworthy. This unique attribute, however, poses many new security challenges which have not been well understood. In this article, we focus on cloud data storage security, which has always been an important aspect of quality of service. To ensure the correctness of users' data in the cloud, we propose an effective and flexible cryptography based scheme. Extensive security and performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme is highly efficient and resilient against malicious data modification attack.
Enhanced Data Partitioning Technique for Improving Cloud Data Storage SecurityEditor IJMTER
Cloud computing is a model for enabling for on demand network access to shared
configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services).It is
based on virtualization and distributed computing technologies. Cloud Data storage systems enable
user to store data efficiently on server without any trouble of data resources. User can easily store
and retrieve their data remotely. The two biggest concerns about cloud data storage are reliability and
security. Clients aren’t like to entrust their data to another third party or companies without a
guarantee that they will be able to access therein formations whenever they want. In the existing
system, the data are stored in the cloud using dynamic data operation with computation which makes
the user need to make a copy for further updating and verification of the data loss. Different
distributed storing auditing techniques are used for overcoming the problem of data loss. Recent
work of this paper has show that data partitioning technique used for data storage by providing
Digital signature to every partitioning data and user .this technique allow user to upload or retrieve
the data with matching the digital signatures provided to them. This method ensures high cloud
storage integrity, enhanced error localization and easy identification of misbehaving server and
unauthorized access to the cloud server. Hence this work aims to store the data securely in reduced
space with less time and computational cost.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhanced security framework to ensure data security in cloud using security b...eSAT Journals
Abstract Data security and Access control is a challenging research work in Cloud Computing. Cloud service users upload there private and confidential data over the cloud. As the data is transferred among the server and client, the data is to be protected from unauthorized entries into the server, by authenticating the user’s and provide high secure priority to the data. So the Experts always recommend using different passwords for different logins. Any normal person cannot possibly follow that advice and memorize all their usernames and passwords. That is where password managers come in. The purpose of this paper is to secure data from unauthorized person using Security blanket algorithm.
Privacy preserving public auditing for secured cloud storagedbpublications
As the cloud computing technology develops during the last decade, outsourcing data to cloud service for storage becomes an attractive trend, which benefits in sparing efforts on heavy data maintenance and management. Nevertheless, since the outsourced cloud storage is not fully trustworthy, it raises security concerns on how to realize data deduplication in cloud while achieving integrity auditing. In this work, we study the problem of integrity auditing and secure deduplication on cloud data. Specifically, aiming at achieving both data integrity and deduplication in cloud, we propose two secure systems, namely SecCloud and SecCloud+. SecCloud introduces an auditing entity with a maintenance of a MapReduce cloud, which helps clients generate data tags before uploading as well as audit the integrity of data having been stored in cloud. Compared with previous work, the computation by user in SecCloud is greatly reduced during the file uploading and auditing phases. SecCloud+ is designed motivated by the fact that customers always want to encrypt their data before uploading, and enables integrity auditing and secure deduplication on encrypted data.
An proficient and Confidentiality-Preserving Multi- Keyword Ranked Search ove...Editor IJCATR
Cloud computing has developed progressively prevalent for data owners to outsource their data to public cloud servers
while consenting data users to reclaim this data. For isolation disquiets, a secure rifle over encrypted cloud data has stirred numerous
research mechanisms underneath the particular owner model. Conversely, most cloud servers in practice do not just assist one owner,
as an alternative, their sustenance gives multiple owners to share the assistances carried by cloud computing. In this proficient and
confidentiality-Preserving Multi-Keyword Ranked Search over Encrypted Cloud Data, new schemes to deal with Privacy preserving
Ranked Multi-keyword Search in a Multi-owner model (PRMSM) has been introduced. To facilitate cloud servers to execute secure
search without knowing the actual data of both keywords and trapdoors, we thoroughly build a novel secure search protocol. To rank
the search results and domain the privacy of relevance scores amongst keywords and files. To thwart the assailants from snooping
secret keys and fantasizing to be legal data users submitting pursuits, a novel dynamic secret key generation protocol and a new data
user authentication protocol is discussed.
A Study of A Method To Provide Minimized Bandwidth Consumption Using Regenera...IJERA Editor
Cloud storage systems to protect data from corruptions, redundant data to tolerate failures of storage and lost data should be repaired when storage fails. Regenerating codes provide fault tolerance by striping data across multiple servers, while using less repair traffic than traditional erasure codes during failure recovery. In previous research implemented practical Data Integrity Protection (DIP) scheme for regenerating-coding based cloud storage. Functional Minimum-Storage Regenerating (FMSR) codes and it construct FMSR-DIP codes, which allow clients to remotely verify the integrity of random subsets of long-term archival data under a multi server setting. The problem is to optimize bandwidth consumption when repairing multiple failures. The cooperative repair of multiple failures can help to further save bandwidth consumption when multiple failures are being repaired.
DOTNET 2013 IEEE CLOUDCOMPUTING PROJECT Privacy preserving public auditing fo...IEEEGLOBALSOFTTECHNOLOGIES
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09849539085, 09966235788 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
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A NEW DATA ENCODER AND DECODER SCHEME FOR NETWORK ON CHIPEditor IJMTER
System-on-chip (soc) based system has so many disadvantages in power-dissipation as
well as clock rate while the data transfer from one system to another system in on-chip. At the same
time, a higher operated system does not support the lower operated bus network for data transfer.
However an alternative scheme is proposed for high speed data transfer. But this scheme is limited to
SOCs. Unlike soc, network-on-chip (NOC) has so many advantages for data transfer. It has a special
feature to transfer the data in on-chip named as transitional encoder. Its operation is based on input
transitions. At the same time it supports systems which are higher operated frequencies. In this
project, a low-power encoding scheme is proposed. The proposed system yields lower dynamic
power dissipation due to the reduction of switching activity and coupling switching activity when
compared to existing system. Even-though many factors which is based on power dissipation, the
dynamic power dissipation is only considerable for reasonable advantage. The proposed system is
synthesized using quartus II 9.1 software. Besides, the proposed system will be extended up to
interlink PE communication with help of routers and PE’s which are performed by various
operations. To implement this system in real NOC’s contains the proposed encoders and decoders for
data transfer with regular traffic scenarios should be considered.
A RESEARCH - DEVELOP AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM TO RECOGNIZE, SEPARATE AND COUNT ...Editor IJMTER
Coins are important part of our life. We use coins in a places like stores, banks, buses, trains
etc. So it becomes a basic need that coins can be sorted, counted automatically. For this, there is
necessary that the coins can be recognized automatically. Automated Coin Recognition System for the
Indian Coins of Rs. 1, 2, 5 and 10 with the rotation invariance. We have taken images from the both
sides of coin. So this system is capable to recognizing coins from both sides. Features are taken from the
images using techniques as a Hough Transformation, Pattern Averaging etc.
Analysis of VoIP Traffic in WiMAX EnvironmentEditor IJMTER
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is currently one of the
hottest technologies in wireless communication. It is a standard based on the IEEE 802.16 wireless
technology that provides a very high throughput broadband connections over long distances. In
parallel, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a new technology which provides access to voice
communication over internet protocol and hence it is becomes an alternative to public switched
telephone networks (PSTN) due to its capability of transmission of voice as packets over IP
networks. A lot of research has been done in analyzing the performances of VoIP traffic over
WiMAX network. In this paper we review the analysis carried out by several authors for the most
common VoIP codec’s which are G.711, G.723.1 and G.729 over a WiMAX network using various
service classes. The objective is to compare the results for different types of service classes with
respect to the QoS parameters such as throughput, average delay and average jitter.
A Hybrid Cloud Approach for Secure Authorized De-DuplicationEditor IJMTER
The cloud backup is used for the personal storage of the people in terms of reducing the
mainlining process and managing the structure and storage space managing process. The challenging
process is the deduplication process in both the local and global backup de-duplications. In the prior
work they only provide the local storage de-duplication or vice versa global storage de-duplication in
terms of improving the storage capacity and the processing time. In this paper, the proposed system
is called as the ALG- Dedupe. It means the Application aware Local-Global Source De-duplication
proposed system to provide the efficient de-duplication process. It can provide the efficient deduplication process with the low system load, shortened backup window, and increased power
efficiency in the user’s personal storage. In the proposed system the large data is partitioned into
smaller part which is called as chunks of data. Here the data may contain the redundancy it will be
avoided before storing into the storage area.
Aging protocols that could incapacitate the InternetEditor IJMTER
The biggest threat to the Internet is the fact that it was never really designed. For e.g., the
BGP protocol is used by Internet routers to exchange information about changes to the Internet's
network topologies. However, it also is among the most fundamentally broken; as Internet routing
information can be poisoned with bogus routing information. Instead, it evolved in fits and start,
thanks to various protocols that have been cobbled together to fulfill the needs of the moment. Few
of protocols from them were designed with security in mind. or if they were sported no more than
was needed to keep out a nosy neighbor, not a malicious attacker. The result is a welter of aging
protocols susceptible to exploit on an Internet scale. Here are six Internet protocols that could stand
to be replaced sooner rather than later or are (mercifully) on the way out.
A Cloud Computing design with Wireless Sensor Networks For Agricultural Appli...Editor IJMTER
The emergence of exactitude agriculture has been promoted by the numerous developments within
the field of wireless sensing element actor networks (WSAN). These WSANs offer important data
for gathering, work management, development of crops, and limitation of crop diseases. Goals of
this paper to introducing cloud computing as a brand new way (technique) to be utilized in addition
to WSANs to any enhance their application and benefits to the area of agriculture.
A CAR POOLING MODEL WITH CMGV AND CMGNV STOCHASTIC VEHICLE TRAVEL TIMESEditor IJMTER
Carpooling (also car-sharing, ride-sharing, lift-sharing), is the sharing of car journeys so
that more than one person travels in a car. It helps to resolve a variety of problems that continue to
plague urban areas, ranging from energy demands and traffic congestion to environmental pollution.
Most of the existing method used stochastic disturbances arising from variations in vehicle travel
times for carpooling. However it doesn’t deal with the unmet demand with uncertain demand of the
vehicle for car pooling. To deal with this the proposed system uses Chance constrained
formulation/Programming (CCP) approach of the problem with stochastic demand and travel time
parameters, under mild assumptions on the distribution of stochastic parameters; and relates it with a
robust optimization approach. Since real problem sizes can be large, it could be difficult to find
optimal solutions within a reasonable period of time. Therefore solution algorithm using tabu
heuristic solution approach is developed to solve the model. Therefore, we constructed a stochastic
carpooling model that considers the in- fluence of stochastic travel times. The model is formulated as
an integer multiple commodity network flow problem. Since real problem sizes can be large, it could
be difficult to find optimal solutions within a reasonable period of time.
Sustainable Construction With Foam Concrete As A Green Green Building MaterialEditor IJMTER
A green building is an environmentally sustainable building, designed, constructed and
operated to minimise the total environmental impacts. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary
greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. It is claimed that 5% of the world’s carbon dioxide
emission is attributed to cement industry, which is the vital constituent of concrete. Due to the
significant contribution to the environmental pollution, there is a need for finding an optimal solution
along with satisfying the civil construction needs. Apart from normal concrete bricks, a clay brick,
Foam concrete is a new innovative technology for sustainable building and civil construction which
fulfills the criteria of being a Green Material. This paper concludes that Foam Concrete can be an
effective sustainable material for construction and also focuses on the cost effectiveness in using
Foam Concrete as a building material in replacement with Clay Brick or other bricks.
USE OF ICT IN EDUCATION ONLINE COMPUTER BASED TESTEditor IJMTER
A good education system is required for overall prosperity of a nation. A tremendous
growth in the education sector had made the administration of education institutions complex. Any
researches reveal that the integration of ICT helps to reduce the complexity and enhance the overall
administration of education. This study has been undertaken to identify the various functional areas
to which ICT is deployed for information administration in education institutions and to find the
current extent of usage of ICT in all these functional areas pertaining to information administration.
The various factors that contribute to these functional areas were identified. A theoretical model was
derived and validated.
Textual Data Partitioning with Relationship and Discriminative AnalysisEditor IJMTER
Data partitioning methods are used to partition the data values with similarity. Similarity
measures are used to estimate transaction relationships. Hierarchical clustering model produces tree
structured results. Partitioned clustering produces results in grid format. Text documents are
unstructured data values with high dimensional attributes. Document clustering group ups unlabeled text
documents into meaningful clusters. Traditional clustering methods require cluster count (K) for the
document grouping process. Clustering accuracy degrades drastically with reference to the unsuitable
cluster count.
Textual data elements are divided into two types’ discriminative words and nondiscriminative
words. Only discriminative words are useful for grouping documents. The involvement of
nondiscriminative words confuses the clustering process and leads to poor clustering solution in return.
A variation inference algorithm is used to infer the document collection structure and partition of
document words at the same time. Dirichlet Process Mixture (DPM) model is used to partition
documents. DPM clustering model uses both the data likelihood and the clustering property of the
Dirichlet Process (DP). Dirichlet Process Mixture Model for Feature Partition (DPMFP) is used to
discover the latent cluster structure based on the DPM model. DPMFP clustering is performed without
requiring the number of clusters as input.
Document labels are used to estimate the discriminative word identification process. Concept
relationships are analyzed with Ontology support. Semantic weight model is used for the document
similarity analysis. The system improves the scalability with the support of labels and concept relations
for dimensionality reduction process.
Testing of Matrices Multiplication Methods on Different ProcessorsEditor IJMTER
There are many algorithms we found for matrices multiplication. Until now it has been
found that complexity of matrix multiplication is O(n3). Though Further research found that this
complexity can be decreased. This paper focus on the algorithm and its complexity of matrices
multiplication methods.
Malware is a worldwide pandemic. It is designed to damage computer systems without
the knowledge of the owner using the system. Software‟s from reputable vendors also contain
malicious code that affects the system or leaks information‟s to remote servers. Malware‟s includes
computer viruses, spyware, dishonest ad-ware, rootkits, Trojans, dialers etc. Malware detectors are
the primary tools in defense against malware. The quality of such a detector is determined by the
techniques it uses. It is therefore imperative that we study malware detection techniques and
understand their strengths and limitations. This survey examines different types of Malware and
malware detection methods.
SURVEY OF TRUST BASED BLUETOOTH AUTHENTICATION FOR MOBILE DEVICEEditor IJMTER
Practical requirements for securely demonstrating identities between two handheld
devices are an important concern. The adversary can inject a Man-In- The-Middle (MITM) attack to
intrude the protocol. Protocols that employ secret keys require the devices to share private
information in advance, in which it is not feasible in the above scenario. Apart from insecurely
typing passwords into handheld devices or comparing long hexadecimal keys displayed on the
devices’ screen, many other human-verifiable protocols have been proposed in the literature to solve
the problem. Unfortunately, most of these schemes are unsalable to more users. Even when there are
only three entities attempt to agree a session key, these protocols need to be rerun for three times.
So, in the existing method a bipartite and a tripartite authentication protocol is presented using a
temporary confidential channel. Besides, further extend the system into a transitive authentication
protocol that allows multiple handheld devices to establish a conference key securely and efficiently.
But this method detects only the outsider attacks. Method does not consider the insider attacks. So,
in the proposed method trust score based method is introduced which computes the trust values for
the nodes and provide the security. The trust score is computed has a positive influence on the
confidence with which an entity conducts transactions with that node. Network the behavior of the
node will be monitored periodically and its trust value is also updated .So depending on the behavior
of the node in the network trust relation will be established between two nodes.
GLAUCOMA is a chronic eye disease that can damage optic nerve. According to WHO It
is the second leading cause of blindness, and is predicted to affect around 80 million people by 2020.
Development of the disease leads to loss of vision, which occurs increasingly over a long period of
time. As the symptoms only occur when the disease is quite advanced so that glaucoma is called the
silent thief of sight. Glaucoma cannot be cured, but its development can be slowed down by
treatment. Therefore, detecting glaucoma in time is critical. However, many glaucoma patients are
unaware of the disease until it has reached its advanced stage. In this paper, some manual and
automatic methods are discussed to detect glaucoma. Manual analysis of the eye is time consuming
and the accuracy of the parameter measurements also varies with different clinicians. To overcome
these problems with manual analysis, the objective of this survey is to introduce a method to
automatically analyze the ultrasound images of the eye. Automatic analysis of this disease is much
more effective than manual analysis.
Survey: Multipath routing for Wireless Sensor NetworkEditor IJMTER
Reliability is playing very vital role in some application of Wireless Sensor Networks
and multipath routing is one of the ways to increase the probability of reliability. More over energy
consumption is constraint. In this paper, we provide a survey of the state-of-the-art of proposed
multipath routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks. We study the design, analyze the tradeoff
of each design, and overview several presenting algorithms.
Step up DC-DC Impedance source network based PMDC Motor DriveEditor IJMTER
This paper is devoted to the Quasi Z source network based DC Drive. The cascaded
(two-stage) Quasi Z Source network could be derived by the adding of one diode, one inductor,
and two capacitors to the traditional quasi-Z-source inverter The proposed cascaded qZSI inherits all
the advantages of the traditional solution (voltage boost and buck functions in a single stage,
continuous input current, and improved reliability). Moreover, as compared to the conventional qZSI,
the proposed solution reduces the shoot-through duty cycle by over 30% at the same voltage boost
factor. Theoretical analysis of the two-stage qZSI in the shoot-through and non-shoot-through
operating modes is described. The proposed and traditional qZSI-networks are compared. A
prototype of a Quasi Z Source network based DC Drive was built to verify the theoretical
assumptions. The experimental results are presented and analyzed.
SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVE OF AUROBINDO GHOSH’S PHILOSOPHY IN TODAY’S EDUCATIONEditor IJMTER
The paper reflects the spiritual philosophy of Aurobindo Ghosh which is helpful in today’s
education. In 19th century he wrote about spirituality, in accordance with that it is a core and vital part
of today’s education. It is very much essential for today’s kid. Here I propose the overview of that
philosophy.At the utmost regeneration of those values in today’s generation is the great deal with
education system. To develop the values and spiritual education in the youngers is the great moto of
mine. It is the materialistic world and without value redefinition among them is the harder task but not
difficult.
Software Quality Analysis Using Mutation Testing SchemeEditor IJMTER
The software test coverage is used measure the safety measures. The safety critical analysis is
carried out for the source code designed in Java language. Testing provides a primary means for
assuring software in safety-critical systems. To demonstrate, particularly to a certification authority, that
sufficient testing has been performed, it is necessary to achieve the test coverage levels recommended or
mandated by safety standards and industry guidelines. Mutation testing provides an alternative or
complementary method of measuring test sufficiency, but has not been widely adopted in the safetycritical industry. The system provides an empirical evaluation of the application of mutation testing to
airborne software systems which have already satisfied the coverage requirements for certification.
The system mutation testing to safety-critical software developed using high-integrity subsets of
C and Ada, identify the most effective mutant types and analyze the root causes of failures in test cases.
Mutation testing could be effective where traditional structural coverage analysis and manual peer
review have failed. They also show that several testing issues have origins beyond the test activity and
this suggests improvements to the requirements definition and coding process. The system also
examines the relationship between program characteristics and mutation survival and considers how
program size can provide a means for targeting test areas most likely to have dormant faults. Industry
feedback is also provided, particularly on how mutation testing can be integrated into a typical
verification life cycle of airborne software. The system also covers the safety and criticality levels of
Java source code.
Software Defect Prediction Using Local and Global AnalysisEditor IJMTER
The software defect factors are used to measure the quality of the software. The software
effort estimation is used to measure the effort required for the software development process. The defect
factor makes an impact on the software development effort. Software development and cost factors are
also decided with reference to the defect and effort factors. The software defects are predicted with
reference to the module information. Module link information are used in the effort estimation process.
Data mining techniques are used in the software analysis process. Clustering techniques are used
in the property grouping process. Rule mining methods are used to learn rules from clustered data
values. The “WHERE” clustering scheme and “WHICH” rule mining scheme are used in the defect
prediction and effort estimation process. The system uses the module information for the defect
prediction and effort estimation process.
The proposed system is designed to improve the defect prediction and effort estimation process.
The Single Objective Genetic Algorithm (SOGA) is used in the clustering process. The rule learning
operations are carried out sing the Apriori algorithm. The system improves the cluster accuracy levels.
The defect prediction and effort estimation accuracy is also improved by the system. The system is
developed using the Java language and Oracle relation database environment.
Software Cost Estimation Using Clustering and Ranking SchemeEditor IJMTER
Software cost estimation is an important task in the software design and development process.
Planning and budgeting tasks are carried out with reference to the software cost values. A variety of
software properties are used in the cost estimation process. Hardware, products, technology and
methodology factors are used in the cost estimation process. The software cost estimation quality is
measured with reference to the accuracy levels.
Software cost estimation is carried out using three types of techniques. They are regression based
model, anology based model and machine learning model. Each model has a set of technique for the
software cost estimation process. 11 cost estimation techniques fewer than 3 different categories are
used in the system. The Attribute Relational File Format (ARFF) is used maintain the software product
property values. The ARFF file is used as the main input for the system.
The proposed system is designed to perform the clustering and ranking of software cost
estimation methods. Non overlapped clustering technique is enhanced with optimal centroid estimation
mechanism. The system improves the clustering and ranking process accuracy. The system produces
efficient ranking results on software cost estimation methods.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Centralized Data Verification Scheme for Encrypted Cloud Data Services
1. Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 1.711
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering
and Research
www.ijmter.com
@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 425
e-ISSN: 2349-9745
p-ISSN: 2393-8161
Centralized Data Verification Scheme for Encrypted Cloud Data Services
Jothi.M1
, Vinoth.P2
1
PG Scholar, Dept. of CSE
2
Asst. Professor, Dept. of CSE
1,2
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract-Cloud environment supports data sharing between multiple users. Data integrity is violated
due to hardware / software failures and human errors. Data owners and public verifiers are involved to
efficiently audit cloud data integrity without retrieving the entire data from the cloud server. File and
block signatures are used in the integrity verification process.
“One Ring to RUle Them All” (Oruta) scheme is used for privacy-preserving public auditing process. In
oruta homomorphic authenticators are constructed using Ring Signatures. Ring signatures are used to
compute verification metadata needed to audit the correctness of shared data. The identity of the signer
on each block in shared data is kept private from public verifiers. Homomorphic authenticable ring
signature (HARS) scheme is applied to provide identity privacy with blockless verification. Batch
auditing mechanism supports to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously. Oruta is compatible
with random masking to preserve data privacy from public verifiers. Dynamic data management process
is handled with index hash tables. Traceability is not supported in oruta scheme. Data dynamism
sequence is not managed by the system. The system obtains high computational overhead
The proposed system is designed to perform public data verification with privacy. Traceability features
are provided with identity privacy. Group manager or data owner can be allowed to reveal the identity of
the signer based on verification metadata. Data version management mechanism is integrated with the
system.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is a recent trend in IT that moves computing and data away from desktop and
portable PCs into large data centers. It refers to applications delivered as services over the Internet as
well as to the actual cloud infrastructure — namely, the hardware and systems software in data centers
that provide these services. The key driving forces behind cloud computing are the ubiquity of broad-
band and wireless networking, falling storage costs and progressive improvements in Internet computing
software. Cloud-service clients will be able to add more capacity at peak demand, reduce costs,
experiment with new services and remove unneeded capacity, whereas service providers will increase
utilization via multiplexing and allow for larger investments in software and hardware.
Currently, the main technical underpinnings of cloud computing infrastructures and services
include virtualization, service-oriented software, grid computing technologies, management of large
facilities and power efficiency. Consumers purchase such services in the form of infrastructure-as-a-
service (IaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS), or software-as-a-service (SaaS) and sell value-added
services to users. Within the cloud, the laws of probability give service providers great leverage through
statistical multiplexing of varying workloads and easier management — a single software installation
can cover many users’ needs.
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We can distinguish two different architectural models for clouds: the first one is designed to
scale out by providing additional computing instances on demand. Clouds can use these instances to
supply services in the form of SaaS and PaaS. The second architectural model is designed to provide
data and compute-intensive applications via scaling capacity. In most cases, clouds provide on-demand
computing instances or capacities with a “pay-as-you-go” economic model. The cloud infrastructure can
support any computing model compatible with loosely coupled CPU clusters. Organizations can provide
hardware for clouds internally, or a third party can provide it externally. A cloud might be restricted to a
single organization or group, available to the general public over the Internet, or shared by multiple
groups or organizations.
II. RELATED WORK
Provable data possession (PDP), proposed by Ateniese et al., [9] allows a verifier to check the
correctness of a client’s data stored at an untrusted server. By utilizing RSA-based homomorphic
authenticators and sampling strategies, the verifier is able to publicly audit the integrity of data without
retrieving the entire data, which is referred to as public auditing. Unfortunately, their mechanism is only
suitable for auditing the integrity of personal data. Juels and Kaliski defined another similar model
called roofs of Retrievability (POR), which is also able to check the correctness of data on an untrusted
server. The original file is added with a set of randomly-valued check blocks called sentinels. The
verifier challenges the untrusted server by specifying the positions of a collection of sentinels and asking
the untrusted server to return the associated sentinel values. Shacham and Waters [10] designed two
improved schemes. The first scheme is built from BLS signatures and the second one is based on
pseudo-random functions.
To support dynamic data, Ateniese et al presented an efficient PDP mechanism based on
symmetric keys. This mechanism can support update and delete operations on data, however, insert
operations are not available in this mechanism. Because it exploits symmetric keys to verify the integrity
of data, it is not public verifiable and only provides a user with a limited number of verification requests.
Wang et al. [2] utilized Merkle Hash Tree and BLS signatures support dynamic data in a public auditing
mechanism. Erway et al. [1] introduced dynamic provable data possession (DPDP) by using
authenticated dictionaries, which are based on rank information. Zhu et al. [7] exploited the fragment
structure to reduce the storage of signatures in their public auditing mechanism. In addition, they also
used index hash tables to provide dynamic operations on data. The public mechanism proposed by Wang
et al. [5] and its journal version [8] are able to preserve users’ confidential data from a public verifier by
using random maskings. In addition, to operatemultiple auditing tasks from different users efficiently,
they extended their mechanism to enable batch auditing by leveraging aggregate signatures.
Wang et al. [3] leveraged homomorphic tokens to ensure the correctness of erasure codes-based
data distributed on multiple servers. This mechanism is able not only to support dynamic data, but also
to identify misbehaved servers. To minimize communication overhead in the phase of data repair, Chen
et al. [4] also introduced a mechanism for auditing the correctness of data under the multi-server
scenario, where these data are encoded by network coding instead of using erasure codes. More recently,
Cao et al. [6] constructed an LT codes-based secure and reliable cloud storage mechanism. Compare to
previous work [3], [4], this mechanism can avoid high decoding computation cost for data users and
save computation resource for online data owners during data repair.
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III. PRIVACY PRESERVED PUBLIC AUDITING SCHEME FOR CLOUDS
Cloud service providers offer users efficient and scalable data storage services with a much
lower marginal cost than traditional approaches. It is routine for users to leverage cloud storage services
to share data with others in a group, as data sharing becomes a standard feature in most cloud storage
offerings, including Dropbox, iCloud and Google Drive. The integrity of data in cloud storage, however,
is subject to skepticism and scrutiny, as data stored in the cloud can easily be lost or corrupted due to the
inevitable hardware/ software failures and human errors. To make this matter even worse, cloud service
providers may be reluctant to inform users about these data errors in order to maintain the reputation of
their services and avoid losing profits. Therefore, the integrity of cloud data should be verified before
any data utilization, such as search or computation over cloud data.
The traditional approach for checking data correctness is to retrieve the entire data from the
cloud, and then verify data integrity by checking the correctness of signatures of the entire data.
Certainly, this conventional approach is able to successfully check the correctness of cloud data.
However, the efficiency of using this traditional approach on cloud data is in doubt. The main reason is
that the size of cloud data is large in general. Downloading the entire cloud data to verify data integrity
will cost or even waste users amounts of computation and communication resources, especially when
data have been corrupted in the cloud. Besides, many uses of cloud data do not necessarily need users to
download the entire cloud data to local devices. It is because cloud providers, such as Amazon, can offer
users computation services directly on large-scale data that already existed in the cloud.
Recently, many mechanisms have been proposed to allow not only a data owner itself but also a
public verifier to efficiently perform integrity checking without downloading the entire data from the
cloud, which is referred to as public auditing. In these mechanisms, data is divided into many small
blocks, where each block is independently signed by the owner; and a random combination of all the
blocks instead of the whole data is retrieved during integrity checking. A public verifier could be a data
user who would like to utilize the owner’s data via the cloud or a third-party auditor (TPA) who can
provide expert integrity checking services. Moving a step forward, Wang et al. designed an advanced
auditing mechanism, so that during public auditing on cloud data, the content of private data belonging
to a personal user is not disclosed to any public verifiers. Unfortunately, current public auditing
solutions mentioned above only focus on personal data in the cloud.
We believe that sharing data among multiple users is perhaps one of the most engaging features
that motivates cloud storage. Therefore, it is also necessary to ensure the integrity of shared data in the
cloud is correct. Existing public auditing mechanisms can actually be extended to verify shared data
integrity. A new significant privacy issue introduced in the case of shared data with the use of existing
mechanisms is the leakage of identity privacy to public verifiers. For instance, Alice and Bob work
together as a group and share a file in the cloud. The shared file is divided into a number of small
blocks, where each block is independently signed by one of the two users with existing public auditing
solutions. Once a block in this shared file is modified by a user, this user needs to sign the new block
using his/her private key. Eventually, different blocks are signed by different users due to the
modification introduced by these two different users. Then, in order to correctly audit the integrity of the
entire data, a public verifier needs to choose the appropriate public key for each block. As a result, this
public verifier will inevitably learn the identity of the signer on each block due to the unique binding
between an identity and a public key via digital certificates under public key infrastructure (PKI).
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Fig. 1. Shared Data Integrity Auditing by Public Verifier
PDA WWRL Oruta
Public
Auditing
Data
Privacy
×
Identity
Privacy
× ×
TABLE 1: Comparison Among Different Mechanisms
Failing to preserve identity privacy on shared data during public auditing will reveal significant
confidential information to public verifiers. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 1, after performing several
auditing tasks, this public verifier can first learn that Alice may be a more important role in the group
because most of the blocks in the shared file are always signed by Alice; on the other hand, this public
verifier can also easily deduce that the eighth block may contain data of a higher value, because this
block is frequently modified by the two different users. In order to protect these confidential
information, it is essential and critical to preserve identity privacy from public verifiers during public
auditing. In this paper, to solve the above privacy issue on shared data, we propose Oruta, a novel
privacy-preserving public auditing mechanism. We utilize ring signatures to construct homomorphic
authenticators in Oruta, so that a public verifier is able to verify the integrity of shared data without
retrieving the entire data—while the identity of the signer on each block in shared data is kept private
from the public verifier. In addition, we further extend our mechanism to support batch auditing, which
can perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously and improve the efficiency of verification for
multiple auditing tasks. Meanwhile, Oruta is compatible with random masking, which has been utilized
in WWRL and can preserve data privacy from public verifiers. Moreover, we also leverage index hash
A A A A A A B A B B
A A A A A A A B B B
A A A A B A A A B B
8th
8th
8th
Auditing
Task 1
Auditing
Task 2
Auditing
Task 3
A A Block signed by Alice B B Block signed by Bob
Public verifier
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tables from a previous public auditing solution to support dynamic data. A high-level comparison among
Oruta and existing mechanisms is presented.
IV. PROBLEM STATEMENT
“One Ring to RUle Them All” (Oruta) scheme is used for privacy-preserving public auditing
process. In oruta homomorphic authenticators are constructed using Ring Signatures. Ring signatures are
used to compute verification metadata needed to audit the correctness of shared data. The identity of the
signer on each block in shared data is kept private from public verifiers. Homomorphic authenticable
ring signature (HARS) scheme is applied to provide identity privacy with blockless verification. Batch
auditing mechanism supports to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously. Oruta is compatible
with random masking to preserve data privacy from public verifiers. Dynamic data management process
is handled with index hash tables. The following problems are identified from the existing system.
• Traceability is not supported
• Data dynamism sequence is not managed
• High computational overhead
V. ORUTA SCHEME FOR PRIVACY PRESERVED CLOUD DATA ANALYSIS
The system model in this paper involves three parties: the cloud server, a group of users and a
public verifier. There are two types of users in a group: the original user and a number of group users.
The original user initially creates shared data in the cloud and shares it with group users. Both the
original user and group users are members of the group. Every member of the group is allowed to access
and modify shared data. Shared data and its verification metadata are both stored in the cloud server. A
public verifier, such as a third-party auditor providing expert data auditing services or a data user outside
the group intending to utilize shared data, is able to publicly verify the integrity of shared data stored in
the cloud server. When a public verifier wishes to check the integrity of shared data, it first sends an
auditing challenge to the cloud server. After receiving the auditing challenge, the cloud server responds
to the public verifier with an auditing proof of the possession of shared data. Then, this public verifier
checks the correctness of the entire data by verifying the correctness of the auditing proof. Essentially,
the process of public auditing is a challenge and- response protocol between a public verifier and the
cloud server.
Two kinds of threats related to the integrity of shared data are possible. First, an adversary may
try to corrupt the integrity of shared data. Second, the cloud service provider may inadvertently corrupt
data in its storage due to hardware failures and human errors. Making matters worse, the cloud service
provider is economically motivated, which means it may be reluctant to inform users about such
corruption of data in order to save its reputation and avoid losing profits of its services. The identity of
the signer on each block in shared data is private and confidential to the group. During the process of
auditing, a public verifier, who is only allowed to verify the correctness of shared data integrity, may try
to reveal the identity of the signer on each block in shared data based on verification metadata. Once the
public verifier reveals the identity of the signer on each block, it can easily distinguish a high-value
target from others.
Oruta should be designed to achieve following properties: (1) Public Auditing: A public verifier
is able to publicly verify the integrity of shared data without retrieving the entire data from the cloud. (2)
Correctness: A public verifier is able to correctly verify shared data integrity. (3) Unforgeability: Only a
user in the group can generate valid verification metadata on shared data. (4) Identity Privacy: A public
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verifier cannot distinguish the identity of the signer on each block in shared data during the process of
auditing.
5.1. Ring Signatures
The concept of ring signatures was first proposed by Rivest et al. in 2001. With ring signatures, a
verifier is convinced that a signature is computed using one of group members’ private keys, but the
verifier is not able to determine which one. More concretely, given a ring signature and a group of d
users, a verifier cannot distinguish the signer’s identity with a probability more than 1=d. This property
can be used to preserve the identity of the signer from a verifier. The ring signature scheme introduced
by Boneh et al. is constructed on bilinear maps. We will extend this ring signature scheme to construct
our public auditing mechanism.
Fig. 2. “One Ring to Rule Them All.” (Oruta) Scheme Based Public Verifier
5.2. Homomorphic Authenticators
Homomorphic authenticators are basic tools to construct public auditing mechanisms. Besides
unforgeability, a homomorphic authenticable signature scheme, which denotes a homomorphic
authenticator based on signatures, should also satisfy the following properties:
Let (pk, sk) denote the signer’s public/private key pair, 1σ denote a signature on block m1 € Zp,
2σ denote a signature on block m 2 € Z p . Blockless verifiability: Given 1σ and 2σ , two random values
α 1 , α 2 ε Z p and a block m’= 1α m1 + 2α m 2 € Z p , a verifier is able to check the correctness of
block m0 without knowing block m1 and m2 .
Non-malleability: Given 1σ 1 and 2σ , two random values 1α , 2α € Z p and a block m’=
,2211 pZmm εαα ε+ a user, who does not have private key s k , is not able to generate a valid signature '
σ
on block m'
by linearly combining signature 1σ and 2σ .
1. Auditing
Challenge
Cloud Server
Shared
Data Flow
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Blockless verifiability allows a verifier to audit the correctness of data stored in the cloud server
with a special block, which is a linear combination of all the blocks in data. If the integrity of the
combined block is correct, then the verifier believes that the integrity of the entire data is correct. In this
way, the verifier does not need to download all the blocks to check the integrity of data. Non-
malleability indicates that an adversary cannot generate valid signatures on arbitrary blocks by linearly
combining existing signatures.
5.3. New Ring Signature Scheme
As we introduced in previous sections, we intend to utilize ring signatures to hide the identity of
the signer on each block, so that private and sensitive information of the group is not disclosed to public
verifiers. Traditional ring signatures cannot be directly used into public auditing mechanisms, because
these ring signature schemes do not support blockless verifiability. Without blockless verifiability, a
public verifier has to download the whole data file to verify the correctness of shared data, which
consumes excessive bandwidth and takes very long verification times. We design a new homomorphic
authenticable ring signature (HARS) scheme, which is extended from a classic ring signature scheme.
The ring signatures generated by HARS are not only able to preserve identity privacy but also able to
support blockless verifiability. We will show how to build the privacy-preserving public auditing
mechanism for shared data in the cloud based on this new ring signature scheme in the next section.
5.4. Construction of HARS
HARS contains three algorithms: KeyGen, RingSign and RingVerify. In KeyGen, each user in
the group generates his/her public key and private key. In RingSign, a user in the group is able to
generate a signature on a block and its block identifier with his/her private key and all the group
members’ public keys. A block identifier is a string that can distinguish the corresponding block from
others. A verifier is able to check whether a given block is signed by a group member in RingVerify.
Details of this scheme are described.
VI. PUBLIC AUDITING FOR SECURED SHARED DATA IN THE CLOUD
The proposed system is designed to perform public data verification with privacy. Traceability
features are provided with identity privacy. Group manager or data owner can be allowed to reveal the
identity of the signer based on verification metadata. Data version management mechanism is integrated
with the system. The system is divided in to five major modules. They are data center, third party
auditor, client data dynamism handler and batch auditing. The cloud data center manages the shared
data values. Auditing operations are initiated by the Third Party Auditor. Client application is designed
to manage data upload and download operations. Data update operations are managed under data
dynamism module. Batch auditing is designed for multi user data verification process.
6.1. Data Center
The data center application is designed to allocate storage space for the data providers. Data
center maintains data files for multiple providers. Different sized storage area is allocated for the data
providers. Data files are delivered to the clients.
6.2. Third Party Auditor
The Third Party Auditor (TPA) maintains the signature for shared data files. TPA performs the
public data verification for data providers. Data integrity verification is performed is using Secure
Hashing Algorithm (SHA). Homomorphic linear authenticator and random masking techniques are used
for privacy preservation process.
6.3. Client
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The client application is designed to access the hard data values. The cloud user initiates the
download process. Data access information is updated to the data center. Data center transfers the data
as blocks.
6.4. Data Dynamism Handler
Shared data values are managed with blocks. Block update and delete operations are handled
with signature update process. Block insertion operations are also supported in data dynamism process.
Block signatures are also updated in data dynamism process.
6.5. Batch Auditing
Data integrity verification is carried out under auditing process. Batch auditing is applied to
perform simultaneous data verification process. Batch auditing is tuned for multi user environment. Data
dynamism is integrated with batch auditing process.
VII. CONCLUSION
Public auditing schemes are used to verify the data integrity in cloud servers. Oruta (One Ring to
Rule Them All) scheme is used to support privacy ensured data verification process. Data dynamism and
batch auditing are supported in Oruta. Oruta scheme is enhanced with Traceability and Data freshness
features. Privacy ensured data verification is performed. Simultaneous data verification scheme is
provided in the system. Computational and communication cost is reduced by the system. The system
supports data dynamism for secured cloud storage environment. Traceability and version management
mechanism is integrated with the system.
REFERENCES
[1] C. Erway, A. Kupcu and R. Tamassia, “Dynamic Provable Data Possession,” Proc. 16th ACM Conf. Computer and
Comm. Security, pp. 213-222, 2009.
[2] Q. Wang, Ren and Lou, “Enabling Public Verifiability and Data Dynamic for Storage Security in Cloud Computing,”
Proc. 14th European Conf. Research in Computer Security, 2009.
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