Cloud storage systems to protect data from corruptions, redundant data to tolerate failures of storage and lost data should be repaired when storage fails. Regenerating codes provide fault tolerance by striping data across multiple servers, while using less repair traffic than traditional erasure codes during failure recovery. In previous research implemented practical Data Integrity Protection (DIP) scheme for regenerating-coding based cloud storage. Functional Minimum-Storage Regenerating (FMSR) codes and it construct FMSR-DIP codes, which allow clients to remotely verify the integrity of random subsets of long-term archival data under a multi server setting. The problem is to optimize bandwidth consumption when repairing multiple failures. The cooperative repair of multiple failures can help to further save bandwidth consumption when multiple failures are being repaired.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a system for privacy-preserving public auditing of cloud data storage. The system allows a third-party auditor (TPA) to verify the integrity of data stored with a cloud service provider on behalf of users, without learning anything about the actual data contents. The system uses a public key-based homomorphic linear authenticator technique that enables the TPA to perform audits without having access to the full data. This technique allows the TPA to efficiently audit multiple users' data simultaneously. The document describes the system components, methodology used involving key generation and auditing protocols, and concludes the proposed system provides security and performance guarantees for privacy-preserving public auditing of cloud data
This document discusses improving data security for mobile devices using cloud computing storage. It proposes encrypting data stored in the cloud to address security issues. Mobile cloud computing integrates mobile networks and cloud computing to provide services for mobile users. However, storing large amounts of personal and enterprise data in the cloud raises security risks regarding data integrity, authentication, and access. The document reviews these risks and considers solutions like encryption and digital rights management to protect data stored in the cloud.
Enabling Public Audit Ability and Data Dynamics for Storage Security in Clou...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new scheme for ensuring data security and integrity for client data stored in cloud storage servers. The key aspects of the proposed scheme are:
1) It enables public auditing of cloud data storage without retrieving the actual data files. This is done using techniques like homomorphic authenticators and digital signatures.
2) It supports dynamic data operations like modification, insertion, and deletion of data blocks while maintaining data integrity and security. This is achieved by updating file tags and signatures during data changes.
3) It extends the scheme to allow batch auditing, where a third party auditor can concurrently audit data from multiple clients in a parallel and efficient manner using techniques like bilinear aggregate
Flaw less coding and authentication of user data using multiple cloudsIRJET Journal
This document discusses secure data storage in multiple cloud storage providers. It proposes a method for users to store encrypted data across multiple cloud storage providers using splitting and merging concepts. Private keys are generated during file access using a pseudo key generator and encrypted using 3DES for transmission. The method aims to increase data availability, confidentiality and reduce costs by distributing data across multiple cloud providers. It also discusses using image compression with reversible data hiding techniques to provide data confidentiality when storing images in the cloud.
This document discusses security issues related to data location in cloud computing. It notes that cloud computing allows on-demand access to computing resources over the internet, but users often do not know where their data is physically stored or which country's laws govern the data. The research aims to develop a model for controlling data resources stored in cloud servers and implementing data manipulation techniques to protect data from unauthorized access across different country servers. The proposed action research methodology involves investigating how cloud vendors control customer data on cloud servers located in various jurisdictions.
Design & Development of a Trustworthy and Secure Billing System for Cloud Com...iosrjce
Cloud computing is an important transition that makes change in service oriented computing
technology. Cloud service provider follows pay-as-you-go pricing approach which means consumer uses as
many resources as he need and billed by the provider based on the resource consumed. CSP give a quality of
service in the form of a service level agreement. For transparent billing, each billing transaction should be
protected against forgery and false modifications. Although CSPs provide service billing records, they cannot
provide trustworthiness. It is due to user or CSP can modify the billing records. In this case even a third party
cannot confirm that the user’s record is correct or CSPs record is correct. To overcome these limitations we
introduced a secure billing system called THEMIS. For secure billing system THEMIS introduces a concept of
cloud notary authority (CNA). CNA generates mutually verifiable binding information that can be used to
resolve future disputes between user and CSP. This project will produce the secure billing through monitoring
the service level agreement (SLA) by using the SMon module. CNA can get a service logs from SMon and stored
it in a local repository for further reference. Even administrator of a cloud system cannot modify or falsify the
data.
A hybrid cloud approach for secure authorizedNinad Samel
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a hybrid cloud approach for secure authorized data deduplication. The paper presents a scheme that uses convergent encryption to encrypt files before uploading them to cloud storage. It also considers the differential privileges of users when performing duplicate checks, in addition to file content. A prototype is implemented to test the proposed authorized duplicate check scheme. Experimental results show the scheme incurs minimal overhead compared to normal cloud storage operations. The goal is to better protect data security while supporting deduplication in a hybrid cloud architecture.
Data Security in Cloud Computing Using Linear ProgrammingIOSR Journals
This document discusses a method for securely outsourcing linear programming (LP) computations to the cloud. It proposes to decompose LP computation into public LP solvers running on the cloud and private LP parameters owned by the customer. It develops efficient privacy-preserving problem transformation techniques that allow customers to transform their original LP problem into an arbitrary problem while protecting sensitive input and output. It also explores the duality theorem of LP to derive conditions for validating the computation result with close-to-zero cost. The method aims to achieve practical efficiency for secure outsourcing of LP problems to the cloud.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a system for privacy-preserving public auditing of cloud data storage. The system allows a third-party auditor (TPA) to verify the integrity of data stored with a cloud service provider on behalf of users, without learning anything about the actual data contents. The system uses a public key-based homomorphic linear authenticator technique that enables the TPA to perform audits without having access to the full data. This technique allows the TPA to efficiently audit multiple users' data simultaneously. The document describes the system components, methodology used involving key generation and auditing protocols, and concludes the proposed system provides security and performance guarantees for privacy-preserving public auditing of cloud data
This document discusses improving data security for mobile devices using cloud computing storage. It proposes encrypting data stored in the cloud to address security issues. Mobile cloud computing integrates mobile networks and cloud computing to provide services for mobile users. However, storing large amounts of personal and enterprise data in the cloud raises security risks regarding data integrity, authentication, and access. The document reviews these risks and considers solutions like encryption and digital rights management to protect data stored in the cloud.
Enabling Public Audit Ability and Data Dynamics for Storage Security in Clou...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new scheme for ensuring data security and integrity for client data stored in cloud storage servers. The key aspects of the proposed scheme are:
1) It enables public auditing of cloud data storage without retrieving the actual data files. This is done using techniques like homomorphic authenticators and digital signatures.
2) It supports dynamic data operations like modification, insertion, and deletion of data blocks while maintaining data integrity and security. This is achieved by updating file tags and signatures during data changes.
3) It extends the scheme to allow batch auditing, where a third party auditor can concurrently audit data from multiple clients in a parallel and efficient manner using techniques like bilinear aggregate
Flaw less coding and authentication of user data using multiple cloudsIRJET Journal
This document discusses secure data storage in multiple cloud storage providers. It proposes a method for users to store encrypted data across multiple cloud storage providers using splitting and merging concepts. Private keys are generated during file access using a pseudo key generator and encrypted using 3DES for transmission. The method aims to increase data availability, confidentiality and reduce costs by distributing data across multiple cloud providers. It also discusses using image compression with reversible data hiding techniques to provide data confidentiality when storing images in the cloud.
This document discusses security issues related to data location in cloud computing. It notes that cloud computing allows on-demand access to computing resources over the internet, but users often do not know where their data is physically stored or which country's laws govern the data. The research aims to develop a model for controlling data resources stored in cloud servers and implementing data manipulation techniques to protect data from unauthorized access across different country servers. The proposed action research methodology involves investigating how cloud vendors control customer data on cloud servers located in various jurisdictions.
Design & Development of a Trustworthy and Secure Billing System for Cloud Com...iosrjce
Cloud computing is an important transition that makes change in service oriented computing
technology. Cloud service provider follows pay-as-you-go pricing approach which means consumer uses as
many resources as he need and billed by the provider based on the resource consumed. CSP give a quality of
service in the form of a service level agreement. For transparent billing, each billing transaction should be
protected against forgery and false modifications. Although CSPs provide service billing records, they cannot
provide trustworthiness. It is due to user or CSP can modify the billing records. In this case even a third party
cannot confirm that the user’s record is correct or CSPs record is correct. To overcome these limitations we
introduced a secure billing system called THEMIS. For secure billing system THEMIS introduces a concept of
cloud notary authority (CNA). CNA generates mutually verifiable binding information that can be used to
resolve future disputes between user and CSP. This project will produce the secure billing through monitoring
the service level agreement (SLA) by using the SMon module. CNA can get a service logs from SMon and stored
it in a local repository for further reference. Even administrator of a cloud system cannot modify or falsify the
data.
A hybrid cloud approach for secure authorizedNinad Samel
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a hybrid cloud approach for secure authorized data deduplication. The paper presents a scheme that uses convergent encryption to encrypt files before uploading them to cloud storage. It also considers the differential privileges of users when performing duplicate checks, in addition to file content. A prototype is implemented to test the proposed authorized duplicate check scheme. Experimental results show the scheme incurs minimal overhead compared to normal cloud storage operations. The goal is to better protect data security while supporting deduplication in a hybrid cloud architecture.
Data Security in Cloud Computing Using Linear ProgrammingIOSR Journals
This document discusses a method for securely outsourcing linear programming (LP) computations to the cloud. It proposes to decompose LP computation into public LP solvers running on the cloud and private LP parameters owned by the customer. It develops efficient privacy-preserving problem transformation techniques that allow customers to transform their original LP problem into an arbitrary problem while protecting sensitive input and output. It also explores the duality theorem of LP to derive conditions for validating the computation result with close-to-zero cost. The method aims to achieve practical efficiency for secure outsourcing of LP problems to the cloud.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Authenticated and unrestricted auditing of big data space on cloud through v...IJMER
Cloud unlocks a different era in Information technology where it has the capability of providing the customers with a variety of scalable and flexible services. Cloud provides these services through a prepaid system, which helps the customers cut down on large investments on IT hardware
and other infrastructure. Also according to the Cloud viewpoint, customers don’t have control on their
respective data. Hence security of data is a big issue of using a Cloud service. Present work shows that
the data auditing can be done by any third party agent who is trusted and known as auditor. The auditor can verify the integrity of the data without having the ownership of the actual data. There are many disadvantages for the above approach. One of them is the absence of a required verification procedure among the auditor and service provider which means any person can ask for the verification of the file which puts this auditing at certain risk. Also in the existing scheme the data updates can be
done only for coarse granular updates i.e. blocks with the uneven size. And hence resulting in repeated communication and updating of auditor for a whole file block causing higher communication costs and
requires more storage space. In this paper, the emphasis is to give a proper breakdown for types of
fixed granular updates and put forward a design that will be capable to maintain authenticated and unrestricted auditing. Based on this system, there is also an approach for remarkably decreasing the communication costs for auditing little updates
DYNAMIC TENANT PROVISIONING AND SERVICE ORCHESTRATION IN HYBRID CLOUDijccsa
The advent of container orchestration and cloud computing, as well as associated security and compliance complexities, make it challenging for the enterprises to develop robust, secure, manageable and extendable architectures which would be applicable to the public and private cloud. The main challenges stem from the fact that on-premises, private cloud and third-party, public cloud services often have seemingly different and sometimes conflicting requirements to tenant provisioning, service deployment, security and compliance and that can lead to rather different architectures which still have a lot of commonalities but evolve independently. Understanding and bridging the functionality gaps between such architectures is highly desirable in terms of common approaches, API/SPI as well as maintainability and extendibility. The authors discuss and propose common architectural approaches to the dynamic tenant provisioning and service orchestration in public, private and hybrid clouds focusing on deployment, security, compliance, scalability and extendibility of stateful Kubernetes runtimes.
Privacy Preserving in Authentication Protocol for Shared Authority Based Clou...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a privacy-preserving authentication protocol for shared authority-based cloud computing. It discusses security and privacy issues with data sharing among users in cloud storage. The proposed protocol uses a shared authority-based privacy preservation authentication protocol (SecCloud) to address privacy and security concerns for cloud storage. It also uses SecCloud+ to remove data de-duplication. The protocol aims to provide scalability, integrity checking, secure de-duplication, and prevent shoulder surfing attacks during the authentication process in cloud computing.
"The transition of companies to cloud-based will be quicker for some and slower for others depending on their individual circumstances, But the change will happen."
Public Key Encryption algorithms Enabling Efficiency Using SaaS in Cloud Comp...Editor IJMTER
The Most great challenging in Cloud computing is Security. Here Security plays key role
in this paper proposed concept mainly deals with security at the end user access. While coming to the
end user access that are connected through the public networks. Here the end user wants to access his
application or services protected by the unauthorized persons. In this area if we want to apply
encryption or decryption methods such as RSA, 3DES, MD5, Blow fish. Etc.,
Whereas we can utilize these services at the end user access in cloud computing. Here there is
problem of encryption and decryption of the messages, services and applications. They are is lot of
time to take encrypt as well as decrypt and more number of processing capabilities are needed to use
the mechanism. For that problem we are introducing to use of cloud computing in SaaS model. i.e.,
scalable is applicable in this area so whenever it requires we can utilize the SaaS model.
In Cloud computing use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a
service over Internet network. In advance earlier there is problem of using key size in various
algorithm like 64 bit it take some long period to encrypt the data.
Grid computing is a model of distributed computing that uses geographically and administratively disparate resources to solve large problems. It involves sharing computing power, data, and other resources across organizational boundaries. Key aspects include applying resources from many computers to a single problem, combining resources from multiple administrative domains for tasks requiring large processing power or data, and using middleware to coordinate resources as a virtual system. The document then discusses definitions of grid computing from various organizations and the core functional requirements and characteristics needed for grid applications and users.
Effective & Flexible Cryptography Based Scheme for Ensuring User`s Data Secur...ijsrd.com
Cloud computing has been envisioned as the next-generation architecture of IT enterprise. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centers, where the management of the data and services may not be fully trustworthy. This unique attribute, however, poses many new security challenges which have not been well understood. In this article, we focus on cloud data storage security, which has always been an important aspect of quality of service. To ensure the correctness of users' data in the cloud, we propose an effective and flexible cryptography based scheme. Extensive security and performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme is highly efficient and resilient against malicious data modification attack.
A Secure Model for Cloud Computing Based Storage and RetrievalIOSR Journals
This document proposes a secure model for cloud computing storage and retrieval that separates these functions between two cloud providers. Specifically, it suggests that one provider handle storage only, while another handles only encryption and decryption. This separation prevents both functions and access to the raw data from being handled by a single administrator, improving security. The model is demonstrated using a customer relationship management (CRM) service example. It also discusses establishing service level agreements between the involved parties to formalize their roles and responsibilities.
This document discusses security concepts related to grid and cloud computing, including trust models, authentication and authorization methods, and the grid security infrastructure (GSI). It describes reputation-based and PKI-based trust models, different authorization models, and the layers and functions of GSI, including message protection, authentication, delegation, and authorization. It also discusses risks and security concerns related to cloud computing.
Data Partitioning Technique In Cloud: A Survey On Limitation And BenefitsIJERA Editor
This document summarizes and reviews various data partitioning techniques used in cloud computing for privacy and security of data using third party auditors. It discusses techniques like Merkle Hash Tree, distributed storage integrity auditing, image-based authentication, proxy provable data possession, file distribution with token pre-computation, and horizontal and vertical data partitioning. The techniques aim to provide benefits like dynamic data authentication, efficient storage, and integrity testing while addressing limitations such as single points of failure, public validation risks, lack of support for data updates, and additional computation costs. The review analyzes the techniques to compare their limitations and benefits for achieving secure and trustworthy cloud data storage.
Cloud infrastructure mechanisms are foundational building blocks of cloud environments that establish primary artifacts to form the basis of fundamental cloud technology architecture.
This document discusses cloud computing, including its architecture, security issues, and types of attacks. It begins by defining cloud computing and describing its key characteristics like on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. It then outlines the three main service models - Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The four deployment models of private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud are also defined. Finally, it notes that the document will focus on exploring the security issues that arise from the nature of cloud service delivery and the types of attacks seen in cloud environments.
Guaranteed Availability of Cloud Data with Efficient CostIRJET Journal
This document discusses efficient and cost-effective methods for hosting data across multiple cloud storage providers (multi-cloud) to ensure high data availability and reduce costs. It proposes distributing data among different cloud providers using replication and erasure coding techniques. This approach guarantees data availability even if one cloud provider fails and minimizes monetary costs by taking advantage of varying cloud pricing models and data access patterns. The technique is shown to save around 20% of costs while providing high flexibility to handle data and pricing changes over time.
Cloud computing IT-703 reveals the attractive features of cloud computing along with the driven technology i.e. virtualization as per the RGPV syllabus
Improve HLA based Encryption Process using fixed Size Aggregate Key generationEditor IJMTER
Cloud computing is an innovative idea for IT industries which provides several services to
users. In cloud computing secure authentication and data integrity of data is a major challenge, due to
internal and external threats. For improvement in data security over cloud, various techniques are
used.MAC based authentication is one of them, which suffers from undesirable systematic demerits
which have bounded usage and not secure verification, which may pose additional online load to users,
in a public auditing setting. Reliable and secure auditing are also challenging in cloud. In Cloud auditing
existing audit systems are based on aggregate key HLA algorithm. This algorithm is based on variable
sizes, different aggregate key generation, which encounters with security issues at decryption level.
Current Scheme generates a high length of key decryption that encounters with problem of space
complexity. To overcome these issues, We can improve HLA algorithm by improve aggregate key
generation, based on fixed key size. This algorithm generates constant aggregate key which will
overcomes problem of sharing of keys, security issues and space complexity.
Enhancing Data Integrity in Multi Cloud StorageIJERA Editor
Cloud computing is a way to increase the capacity or add capabilities dynamically without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud is surrounded by many security issues like securing data and examining the utilization of cloud by the cloud computing vendors. Security is one of the major issues which reduce the growth of cloud computing. A large number of clients or data owners store their data on servers in the cloud and it is provided back to them whenever needed. The data provided should not be jeopardized. Data integrity should be taken into account so that the data is correct, consistent and accessible. For ensuring the integrity in cloud computing environment, cloud storage providers should be trusted. Dealing with single cloud providers is predicted to become less secure with customers due to risks of service availability, failure and the possibility of malicious insiders in the single cloud. This paper deals with multi cloud environments to resolve these issues. The integrity of the data in multi cloud storage has been provided with the help of trusted third party using cryptographic algorithm.
an enhanced multi layered cryptosystem based secureIJAEMSJORNAL
As the cloud computing technology develops during the recent days, outsourcing data to cloud service for storage becomes an attractive trend, which benefits in sparing efforts on heavy data maintenance and management. Nevertheless, since the outsourced cloud storage is not fully trustworthy, it raises security concerns on how to realize data deduplication in cloud while achieving integrity auditing. In this work, we study the problem of integrity auditing and secure deduplication on cloud data. Specifically, willing achieving both data integrity and deduplication in cloud, we propose two secure systems, namely SecCloud and SecCloud. SecCloud introduces an auditing entity with maintenance of a Map Reduce cloud, which helps clients generate data tags before uploading still audit the integrity of data having been stored in cloud. Compared with previous work, the computation by user in SecCloud is greatly reduced during the file uploading and auditing phases. SecCloud is designed motivated individually fact that customers always must encrypt their data before uploading, and enables integrity auditing and secure deduplication on encrypted data.
A proposal for implementing cloud computing in newspaper companyKingsley Mensah
This proposal recommends implementing cloud computing for a newspaper company's management information system using Microsoft Azure's infrastructure as a service (IaaS) public cloud model. It analyzes cloud computing and virtualization concepts. The strategy is to move backup storage to the cloud, virtualize staff/management PCs for improved security, and implement the Azure cloud to cut costs by 50% compared to current on-premise infrastructure expenses. Virtualizing access through the cloud will strengthen security while taking advantage of Azure's competitive pricing and 30-day free trial.
Cloud computing security through symmetric cipher modelijcsit
Cloud computing can be defined as an application and services which runs on distributed network using
virtualized and it is accessed through internet protocols and networking. Cloud computing resources and
virtual and limitless and information’s of the physical systems on which software running are abstracted
from the user. Cloud Computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or
control over the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them. To satisfy the needs of the
users the concept is to incorporate technologies which have the common theme of reliance on the internet
Software and data are stored on the servers whereas cloud computing services are provided through
applications online which can be accessed from web browsers. Lack of security and access control is the
major drawback in the cloud computing as the users deal with sensitive data to public clouds .Multiple
virtual machine in cloud can access insecure information flows as service provider; therefore to implement
the cloud it is necessary to build security. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to provide cloud
computing security through symmetric cipher model. This article proposes symmetric cipher model in
order to implement cloud computing security so that data can accessed and stored securely.
Electronic bands structure and gap in mid-infrared detector InAs/GaSb type II...IJERA Editor
We present here theoretical study of the electronic bands structure E (d1) of InAs (d1=25 Å)/GaSb (d2=25 Å) type
II superlattice at 4.2 K performed in the envelope function formalism. We study the effect of d1 and the offset ,
between heavy holes bands edges of InAs and GaSb, on the band gap Eg (), at the center of the first Brillouin
zone, and the semiconductor-to-semimetal transition. Eg (, T) decreases from 288.7 meV at 4.2 K to 230 meV
at 300K. In the investigated temperature range, the cut-off wavelength 4.3 m ≤ c ≤ 5.4 m situates this sample
as mid-wavelength infrared detector (MWIR). Our results are in good agreement with the experimental data
realized by C. Cervera et al.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Authenticated and unrestricted auditing of big data space on cloud through v...IJMER
Cloud unlocks a different era in Information technology where it has the capability of providing the customers with a variety of scalable and flexible services. Cloud provides these services through a prepaid system, which helps the customers cut down on large investments on IT hardware
and other infrastructure. Also according to the Cloud viewpoint, customers don’t have control on their
respective data. Hence security of data is a big issue of using a Cloud service. Present work shows that
the data auditing can be done by any third party agent who is trusted and known as auditor. The auditor can verify the integrity of the data without having the ownership of the actual data. There are many disadvantages for the above approach. One of them is the absence of a required verification procedure among the auditor and service provider which means any person can ask for the verification of the file which puts this auditing at certain risk. Also in the existing scheme the data updates can be
done only for coarse granular updates i.e. blocks with the uneven size. And hence resulting in repeated communication and updating of auditor for a whole file block causing higher communication costs and
requires more storage space. In this paper, the emphasis is to give a proper breakdown for types of
fixed granular updates and put forward a design that will be capable to maintain authenticated and unrestricted auditing. Based on this system, there is also an approach for remarkably decreasing the communication costs for auditing little updates
DYNAMIC TENANT PROVISIONING AND SERVICE ORCHESTRATION IN HYBRID CLOUDijccsa
The advent of container orchestration and cloud computing, as well as associated security and compliance complexities, make it challenging for the enterprises to develop robust, secure, manageable and extendable architectures which would be applicable to the public and private cloud. The main challenges stem from the fact that on-premises, private cloud and third-party, public cloud services often have seemingly different and sometimes conflicting requirements to tenant provisioning, service deployment, security and compliance and that can lead to rather different architectures which still have a lot of commonalities but evolve independently. Understanding and bridging the functionality gaps between such architectures is highly desirable in terms of common approaches, API/SPI as well as maintainability and extendibility. The authors discuss and propose common architectural approaches to the dynamic tenant provisioning and service orchestration in public, private and hybrid clouds focusing on deployment, security, compliance, scalability and extendibility of stateful Kubernetes runtimes.
Privacy Preserving in Authentication Protocol for Shared Authority Based Clou...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a privacy-preserving authentication protocol for shared authority-based cloud computing. It discusses security and privacy issues with data sharing among users in cloud storage. The proposed protocol uses a shared authority-based privacy preservation authentication protocol (SecCloud) to address privacy and security concerns for cloud storage. It also uses SecCloud+ to remove data de-duplication. The protocol aims to provide scalability, integrity checking, secure de-duplication, and prevent shoulder surfing attacks during the authentication process in cloud computing.
"The transition of companies to cloud-based will be quicker for some and slower for others depending on their individual circumstances, But the change will happen."
Public Key Encryption algorithms Enabling Efficiency Using SaaS in Cloud Comp...Editor IJMTER
The Most great challenging in Cloud computing is Security. Here Security plays key role
in this paper proposed concept mainly deals with security at the end user access. While coming to the
end user access that are connected through the public networks. Here the end user wants to access his
application or services protected by the unauthorized persons. In this area if we want to apply
encryption or decryption methods such as RSA, 3DES, MD5, Blow fish. Etc.,
Whereas we can utilize these services at the end user access in cloud computing. Here there is
problem of encryption and decryption of the messages, services and applications. They are is lot of
time to take encrypt as well as decrypt and more number of processing capabilities are needed to use
the mechanism. For that problem we are introducing to use of cloud computing in SaaS model. i.e.,
scalable is applicable in this area so whenever it requires we can utilize the SaaS model.
In Cloud computing use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a
service over Internet network. In advance earlier there is problem of using key size in various
algorithm like 64 bit it take some long period to encrypt the data.
Grid computing is a model of distributed computing that uses geographically and administratively disparate resources to solve large problems. It involves sharing computing power, data, and other resources across organizational boundaries. Key aspects include applying resources from many computers to a single problem, combining resources from multiple administrative domains for tasks requiring large processing power or data, and using middleware to coordinate resources as a virtual system. The document then discusses definitions of grid computing from various organizations and the core functional requirements and characteristics needed for grid applications and users.
Effective & Flexible Cryptography Based Scheme for Ensuring User`s Data Secur...ijsrd.com
Cloud computing has been envisioned as the next-generation architecture of IT enterprise. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centers, where the management of the data and services may not be fully trustworthy. This unique attribute, however, poses many new security challenges which have not been well understood. In this article, we focus on cloud data storage security, which has always been an important aspect of quality of service. To ensure the correctness of users' data in the cloud, we propose an effective and flexible cryptography based scheme. Extensive security and performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme is highly efficient and resilient against malicious data modification attack.
A Secure Model for Cloud Computing Based Storage and RetrievalIOSR Journals
This document proposes a secure model for cloud computing storage and retrieval that separates these functions between two cloud providers. Specifically, it suggests that one provider handle storage only, while another handles only encryption and decryption. This separation prevents both functions and access to the raw data from being handled by a single administrator, improving security. The model is demonstrated using a customer relationship management (CRM) service example. It also discusses establishing service level agreements between the involved parties to formalize their roles and responsibilities.
This document discusses security concepts related to grid and cloud computing, including trust models, authentication and authorization methods, and the grid security infrastructure (GSI). It describes reputation-based and PKI-based trust models, different authorization models, and the layers and functions of GSI, including message protection, authentication, delegation, and authorization. It also discusses risks and security concerns related to cloud computing.
Data Partitioning Technique In Cloud: A Survey On Limitation And BenefitsIJERA Editor
This document summarizes and reviews various data partitioning techniques used in cloud computing for privacy and security of data using third party auditors. It discusses techniques like Merkle Hash Tree, distributed storage integrity auditing, image-based authentication, proxy provable data possession, file distribution with token pre-computation, and horizontal and vertical data partitioning. The techniques aim to provide benefits like dynamic data authentication, efficient storage, and integrity testing while addressing limitations such as single points of failure, public validation risks, lack of support for data updates, and additional computation costs. The review analyzes the techniques to compare their limitations and benefits for achieving secure and trustworthy cloud data storage.
Cloud infrastructure mechanisms are foundational building blocks of cloud environments that establish primary artifacts to form the basis of fundamental cloud technology architecture.
This document discusses cloud computing, including its architecture, security issues, and types of attacks. It begins by defining cloud computing and describing its key characteristics like on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. It then outlines the three main service models - Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The four deployment models of private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud are also defined. Finally, it notes that the document will focus on exploring the security issues that arise from the nature of cloud service delivery and the types of attacks seen in cloud environments.
Guaranteed Availability of Cloud Data with Efficient CostIRJET Journal
This document discusses efficient and cost-effective methods for hosting data across multiple cloud storage providers (multi-cloud) to ensure high data availability and reduce costs. It proposes distributing data among different cloud providers using replication and erasure coding techniques. This approach guarantees data availability even if one cloud provider fails and minimizes monetary costs by taking advantage of varying cloud pricing models and data access patterns. The technique is shown to save around 20% of costs while providing high flexibility to handle data and pricing changes over time.
Cloud computing IT-703 reveals the attractive features of cloud computing along with the driven technology i.e. virtualization as per the RGPV syllabus
Improve HLA based Encryption Process using fixed Size Aggregate Key generationEditor IJMTER
Cloud computing is an innovative idea for IT industries which provides several services to
users. In cloud computing secure authentication and data integrity of data is a major challenge, due to
internal and external threats. For improvement in data security over cloud, various techniques are
used.MAC based authentication is one of them, which suffers from undesirable systematic demerits
which have bounded usage and not secure verification, which may pose additional online load to users,
in a public auditing setting. Reliable and secure auditing are also challenging in cloud. In Cloud auditing
existing audit systems are based on aggregate key HLA algorithm. This algorithm is based on variable
sizes, different aggregate key generation, which encounters with security issues at decryption level.
Current Scheme generates a high length of key decryption that encounters with problem of space
complexity. To overcome these issues, We can improve HLA algorithm by improve aggregate key
generation, based on fixed key size. This algorithm generates constant aggregate key which will
overcomes problem of sharing of keys, security issues and space complexity.
Enhancing Data Integrity in Multi Cloud StorageIJERA Editor
Cloud computing is a way to increase the capacity or add capabilities dynamically without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud is surrounded by many security issues like securing data and examining the utilization of cloud by the cloud computing vendors. Security is one of the major issues which reduce the growth of cloud computing. A large number of clients or data owners store their data on servers in the cloud and it is provided back to them whenever needed. The data provided should not be jeopardized. Data integrity should be taken into account so that the data is correct, consistent and accessible. For ensuring the integrity in cloud computing environment, cloud storage providers should be trusted. Dealing with single cloud providers is predicted to become less secure with customers due to risks of service availability, failure and the possibility of malicious insiders in the single cloud. This paper deals with multi cloud environments to resolve these issues. The integrity of the data in multi cloud storage has been provided with the help of trusted third party using cryptographic algorithm.
an enhanced multi layered cryptosystem based secureIJAEMSJORNAL
As the cloud computing technology develops during the recent days, outsourcing data to cloud service for storage becomes an attractive trend, which benefits in sparing efforts on heavy data maintenance and management. Nevertheless, since the outsourced cloud storage is not fully trustworthy, it raises security concerns on how to realize data deduplication in cloud while achieving integrity auditing. In this work, we study the problem of integrity auditing and secure deduplication on cloud data. Specifically, willing achieving both data integrity and deduplication in cloud, we propose two secure systems, namely SecCloud and SecCloud. SecCloud introduces an auditing entity with maintenance of a Map Reduce cloud, which helps clients generate data tags before uploading still audit the integrity of data having been stored in cloud. Compared with previous work, the computation by user in SecCloud is greatly reduced during the file uploading and auditing phases. SecCloud is designed motivated individually fact that customers always must encrypt their data before uploading, and enables integrity auditing and secure deduplication on encrypted data.
A proposal for implementing cloud computing in newspaper companyKingsley Mensah
This proposal recommends implementing cloud computing for a newspaper company's management information system using Microsoft Azure's infrastructure as a service (IaaS) public cloud model. It analyzes cloud computing and virtualization concepts. The strategy is to move backup storage to the cloud, virtualize staff/management PCs for improved security, and implement the Azure cloud to cut costs by 50% compared to current on-premise infrastructure expenses. Virtualizing access through the cloud will strengthen security while taking advantage of Azure's competitive pricing and 30-day free trial.
Cloud computing security through symmetric cipher modelijcsit
Cloud computing can be defined as an application and services which runs on distributed network using
virtualized and it is accessed through internet protocols and networking. Cloud computing resources and
virtual and limitless and information’s of the physical systems on which software running are abstracted
from the user. Cloud Computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or
control over the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them. To satisfy the needs of the
users the concept is to incorporate technologies which have the common theme of reliance on the internet
Software and data are stored on the servers whereas cloud computing services are provided through
applications online which can be accessed from web browsers. Lack of security and access control is the
major drawback in the cloud computing as the users deal with sensitive data to public clouds .Multiple
virtual machine in cloud can access insecure information flows as service provider; therefore to implement
the cloud it is necessary to build security. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to provide cloud
computing security through symmetric cipher model. This article proposes symmetric cipher model in
order to implement cloud computing security so that data can accessed and stored securely.
Electronic bands structure and gap in mid-infrared detector InAs/GaSb type II...IJERA Editor
We present here theoretical study of the electronic bands structure E (d1) of InAs (d1=25 Å)/GaSb (d2=25 Å) type
II superlattice at 4.2 K performed in the envelope function formalism. We study the effect of d1 and the offset ,
between heavy holes bands edges of InAs and GaSb, on the band gap Eg (), at the center of the first Brillouin
zone, and the semiconductor-to-semimetal transition. Eg (, T) decreases from 288.7 meV at 4.2 K to 230 meV
at 300K. In the investigated temperature range, the cut-off wavelength 4.3 m ≤ c ≤ 5.4 m situates this sample
as mid-wavelength infrared detector (MWIR). Our results are in good agreement with the experimental data
realized by C. Cervera et al.
A Periodical Production Plan for Uncertain Orders in a Closed-Loop Supply Cha...IJERA Editor
This document proposes fuzzy set theory models to address production planning under uncertain demand in a closed-loop supply chain system. Specifically, it develops a Fuzzy Chance-Constrained Production Mix Model (FCCPMM) that uses fuzzy set concepts like possibility distributions and α-cut sets to formulate constraints allowing the decision maker to account for demand uncertainty in an optimization model seeking to maximize profit. The model is demonstrated through a numerical example and is intended to help producers better cope with production risks from uncertain customer orders in a closed-loop supply chain context.
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The document summarizes some common conventions for magazine front covers and content pages. For front covers, it discusses elements like the masthead, central image, main cover line, pull quotes, and layout considerations. For content pages, it describes how articles are numbered and labeled, how different sections are organized, and how images, headings, and text are structured and presented. Language features on the front cover like questions, alliteration, and quotes are also meant to attract readers.
Segmentation and Classification of Skin Lesions Based on Texture FeaturesIJERA Editor
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and represents 50% all new cancers detected each year. The deadliest form of skin cancer is melanoma and its incidence has been rising at a rate of 3% per year. Due to the costs for dermatologists to monitor every patient, there is a need for an computerized system to evaluate a patient‘s risk of melanoma using images of their skin lesions captured using a standard digital camera. In Proposed method, a novel texture-based skin lesion segmentation algorithm is used and to classify the stages of skin cancer using probabilistic neural network. Probabilistic neural network will give better performance in this system to detect a lot of stages in skin lesion. To extract the characteristics from various skin lesions and its united features gives better classification with new approached probabilistic neural network. There are five different skin lesions commonly grouped as Actinic Keratosis (AK), Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Melanocytic Nevus / Mole (ML), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), Seborrhoeic Keratosis (SK). The system will be used to classify the queried images automatically to decide the stages of abnormality. The lesion diagnosis system involves two stages of process such as training and classification. Feature selection is used in the classified framework that chooses the most relevant feature subsets at each node of the hierarchy. An automatic classifier will be used for classification based on learning with some training samples of each stage. The accuracy of the proposed neural scheme is higher in discriminating cancer and pre-malignant lesions from benign skin lesions, and it attains an total classification accuracy is high of skin lesions.
291 ( space solar power satellite system) (1)sanjiivambati59
Solar power satellites have been proposed as a way to collect solar energy in space and transmit it to receivers on Earth. In 1968, Dr. Peter Glaser introduced the concept of using large solar panels in geosynchronous orbit to convert sunlight to microwaves and beam the energy back to rectennas on Earth. NASA and the Department of Energy studied the feasibility in the 1970s. In 1999, NASA initiated the Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology program to further design studies. While solar power satellites could provide a continuous source of clean energy without pollution, many technical challenges remain regarding construction, power transmission levels, and thermal management that require more research and development.
Intrusion Detection and Countermeasure in Virtual Network Systems Using NICE ...IJERA Editor
The cloud computing has increased in many organizations. It provides many benefits in terms of low cost and accessibility of data. Ensuring the security of cloud computing is a major factor in the cloud computing environment, as users often store sensitive information with cloud storage providers but these providers may be untrusted. In this project we propose anIntrusion Detection and Countermeasure in Virtual Network Systems mechanism called NICE to prevent vulnerable virtual machines from being compromised in the cloud. NICE detects and mitigates collaborative attacks in the cloud virtual networking environment. The system performance evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of NICE and shows that the proposed solution can significantly reduce the risk of the cloud system from being exploited and abused by internal and external attackers.
Polynomial Function and Fuzzy Inference for Evaluating the Project Performanc...IJERA Editor
The objectives of this paper are two folds. The first one is to improve the time forecasting produced from the well known Earned Value Management (EVM), using the polynomial function. The time prediction observed from the polynomial model, which is compared against that observed from the most common method for time forecasting (critical path method), is a more accurate (mean absolute percentage of error is less than 2%) than that observed from the conventional deterministic forecasting methods (CDFMs). The second is to evaluate and forecast the overall project performance under uncertainty using the fuzzy inference. As the uncertainty is inherent in real life projects, the polynomial function and fuzzy inference model (PFFI) can assist the project managers, to estimate the future status of the project in a more robust and reliable way. Two examples are used to illustrate how the new method can be implemented in reality.
Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater by reed bed technology: A lo...IJERA Editor
Reed bed system for wastewater treatment has been proven to be effective and sustainable alternative for conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Use of macrophytes to treat wastewater is also categorized in this method. This new approach is based on natural processes for the removal of different aquatic macrophytes such as floating, submerged and emergent. Macrophytes are assumed to be the main biological components of wetlands. These techniques are reported to be cost effective compared to other methods. Various contaminants like total suspended solids, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals, and other contaminants have been minimized using aquatic microphytes. In this paper, role of these plant species, origin and their occurrence, ecological factors and their efficiency in reduction of different water contaminants have been presented.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
SURVEY ON KEY AGGREGATE CRYPTOSYSTEM FOR SCALABLE DATA SHARINGEditor IJMTER
Public-key cryptosystems produce constant-size cipher texts with efficient delegation
of decryption rights for any set of cipher texts. One can aggregate any set of secret keys and make
them as compact as a single key. The secret key holder can release a constant-size aggregate key for
flexible choices of cipher text set in cloud storage. In KAC, users encrypt a message not only under a
public-key, but also under an identifier of cipher text called class. That means the cipher texts are
further categorized into different classes. The key owner holds a master-secret called master-secret
key, which can be used to extract secret keys for different classes. More importantly, the extracted
key have can be an aggregate key which is as compact as a secret key for a single class, but
aggregates the power of many such keys, i.e., the decryption power for any subset of cipher text
classes. The key aggregate cryptosystem is enhanced with boundary less cipher text classes. The
system is improved with device independent key distribution mechanism. The key distribution
process is enhanced with security features to protect key leakage. The key parameter transmission
process is integrated with the cipher text download process.
Privacy preserving public auditing for secured cloud storagedbpublications
As the cloud computing technology develops during the last decade, outsourcing data to cloud service for storage becomes an attractive trend, which benefits in sparing efforts on heavy data maintenance and management. Nevertheless, since the outsourced cloud storage is not fully trustworthy, it raises security concerns on how to realize data deduplication in cloud while achieving integrity auditing. In this work, we study the problem of integrity auditing and secure deduplication on cloud data. Specifically, aiming at achieving both data integrity and deduplication in cloud, we propose two secure systems, namely SecCloud and SecCloud+. SecCloud introduces an auditing entity with a maintenance of a MapReduce cloud, which helps clients generate data tags before uploading as well as audit the integrity of data having been stored in cloud. Compared with previous work, the computation by user in SecCloud is greatly reduced during the file uploading and auditing phases. SecCloud+ is designed motivated by the fact that customers always want to encrypt their data before uploading, and enables integrity auditing and secure deduplication on encrypted data.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its key benefits and challenges. It discusses the basics of cloud computing models like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Public and private cloud options are described, as well as hybrid cloud. The main benefits of cloud computing are reduced costs, increased storage, and flexibility. However, key challenges include data security, availability, management capabilities, and regulatory compliance restrictions.
The paper aims to provide a means of understanding the model and exploring options available for complementing your technology and infrastructure needs.
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This document presents a Cooperative Provable Data Possession (CPDP) scheme to ensure data integrity in a multicloud storage system. The CPDP scheme uses a trusted third party to generate secret keys, verification tags for data blocks, and store public parameters. It allows a client to issue challenges to verify the integrity of its data stored across multiple cloud service providers. The verification process involves the cloud providers proving possession of the original data file without retrieving the whole file. This scheme aims to efficiently verify data integrity in a multicloud system with support for data migration and scalability.
Survey on Privacy- Preserving Multi keyword Ranked Search over Encrypted Clou...Editor IJMTER
The advent of cloud computing, data owners are motivated to outsource their complex
data management systems from local sites to commercial public cloud for great flexibility and
economic savings. But for protecting data privacy, sensitive data has to be encrypted before
outsourcing.Considering the large number of data users and documents in cloud, it is crucial for
the search service to allow multi-keyword query and provide result similarity ranking to meet the
effective data retrieval need. Related works on searchable encryption focus on single keyword
search or Boolean keyword search, and rarely differentiate the search results. We first propose a
basic MRSE scheme using secure inner product computation, and then significantly improve it to
meet different privacy requirements in two levels of threat models. The Incremental High Utility
Pattern Transaction Frequency Tree (IHUPTF-Tree) is designed according to the transaction
frequency (descending order) of items to obtain a compact tree.
By using high utility pattern the items can be arranged in an efficient manner. Tree structure
is used to sort the items. Thus the items are sorted and frequent pattern is obtained. The frequent
pattern items are retrieved from the database by using hybrid tree (H-Tree) structure. So the
execution time becomes faster. Finally, the frequent pattern item that satisfies the threshold value
is displayed.
IRJET-Auditing and Resisting Key Exposure on Cloud StorageIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses auditing and resisting key exposure in cloud storage. It proposes a new framework called an auditing protocol with key-exposure resilience that allows integrity of stored data to still be verified even if the client's current secret key is exposed.
2. It formalizes the definition and security model for such a protocol and proposes an efficient practical construction. The security proof and asymptotic performance analysis show the proposed protocol is secure and efficient.
3. Key techniques used include periodic key updates, homomorphic linear authenticators, and a novel authenticator construction to boost forward security and provide proof of retrievability with the current design.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its benefits of reduced costs and increased storage capabilities. It describes the three cloud computing models of Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Public clouds are owned by third parties and offer economies of scale, while private clouds are built exclusively for a single enterprise and offer greater security and control. Hybrid clouds combine public and private models. The document also outlines some challenges of cloud computing around data security, availability, management capabilities, and regulatory compliance.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its benefits and challenges. It discusses the different cloud computing models of SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Public clouds offer economies of scale but limited customization, while private clouds have more control but require companies to manage their own infrastructure. Hybrid clouds combine public and private models. The main benefits are reduced costs, increased storage, and flexibility. However, key challenges include concerns around data security, availability, management capabilities, and regulatory compliance restrictions.
Enhanced Data Partitioning Technique for Improving Cloud Data Storage SecurityEditor IJMTER
Cloud computing is a model for enabling for on demand network access to shared
configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services).It is
based on virtualization and distributed computing technologies. Cloud Data storage systems enable
user to store data efficiently on server without any trouble of data resources. User can easily store
and retrieve their data remotely. The two biggest concerns about cloud data storage are reliability and
security. Clients aren’t like to entrust their data to another third party or companies without a
guarantee that they will be able to access therein formations whenever they want. In the existing
system, the data are stored in the cloud using dynamic data operation with computation which makes
the user need to make a copy for further updating and verification of the data loss. Different
distributed storing auditing techniques are used for overcoming the problem of data loss. Recent
work of this paper has show that data partitioning technique used for data storage by providing
Digital signature to every partitioning data and user .this technique allow user to upload or retrieve
the data with matching the digital signatures provided to them. This method ensures high cloud
storage integrity, enhanced error localization and easy identification of misbehaving server and
unauthorized access to the cloud server. Hence this work aims to store the data securely in reduced
space with less time and computational cost.
Centralized Data Verification Scheme for Encrypted Cloud Data ServicesEditor IJMTER
Cloud environment supports data sharing between multiple users. Data integrity is violated
due to hardware / software failures and human errors. Data owners and public verifiers are involved to
efficiently audit cloud data integrity without retrieving the entire data from the cloud server. File and
block signatures are used in the integrity verification process.
“One Ring to RUle Them All” (Oruta) scheme is used for privacy-preserving public auditing process. In
oruta homomorphic authenticators are constructed using Ring Signatures. Ring signatures are used to
compute verification metadata needed to audit the correctness of shared data. The identity of the signer
on each block in shared data is kept private from public verifiers. Homomorphic authenticable ring
signature (HARS) scheme is applied to provide identity privacy with blockless verification. Batch
auditing mechanism supports to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously. Oruta is compatible
with random masking to preserve data privacy from public verifiers. Dynamic data management process
is handled with index hash tables. Traceability is not supported in oruta scheme. Data dynamism
sequence is not managed by the system. The system obtains high computational overhead
The proposed system is designed to perform public data verification with privacy. Traceability features
are provided with identity privacy. Group manager or data owner can be allowed to reveal the identity of
the signer based on verification metadata. Data version management mechanism is integrated with the
system.
A Secure, Scalable, Flexible and Fine-Grained Access Control Using Hierarchic...Editor IJCATR
Cloud Computing is going to be very popular technology in IT enterprises. For any enterprise the data stored is very huge
and invaluable. Since all tasks are performed through network it has become vital to have the secured use of legitimate data. In cloud
computing the most important matter of concern are data security and privacy along with flexibility, scalability and fine grained access
control of data being the other requirements to be maintained by cloud systems Access control is one of the prominent research topics
and hence various schemes have been proposed and implemented. But most of them do not provide flexibility, scalability and fine
grained access control of the data on the cloud. In order to address the issues of flexibility, scalability and fine grained access control
of remotely stored data on cloud we have proposed the hierarchical attribute set-based encryption (HASBE) which is the extension of
attribute- set-based encryption(ASBE) with a hierarchical structure of users. The proposed scheme achieves scalability by handling the
authority to appropriate entity in the hierarchical structure, inherits flexibility by allowing easy transfer and access to the data in case
of location switch. It provides fine grained access control of data by showing only the requested and authorized details to the user thus
improving the performance of the system. In addition, it provides efficient user revocation within expiration time, request to view
extra-attributes and privacy in the intra-level hierarchy is achieved. Thus the scheme is implemented to show that is efficient in access
control of data as well as security of data stored on cloud with comprehensive experiments
IRJET- Improving Data Availability by using VPC Strategy in Cloud Environ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses improving data availability in cloud environments using virtual private cloud (VPC) strategies and data replication strategies (DRS). It proposes using VPC to define private networks in public clouds and deploying cloud resources into those private networks for improved security and control. It also proposes using DRS to store multiple copies of data across different nodes to increase data availability, reduce bandwidth usage, and provide fault tolerance. The proposed approach identifies popular data files for replication, selects the best storage sites based on factors like request frequency, failure probability, and storage usage, and decides when to replace replicas to optimize resource usage. A simulation showed this hybrid VPC and DRS approach improved performance metrics like response time, network usage, and load balancing compared to
An study of security issues & challenges in cloud computingijsrd.com
"Cloud Computing" is a term, which involves virtualization, distributed computing, networking and web-services. It is a way of offering services to users by allowing them to tap into a massive pool of shared computing resources such as servers, storage and network. User can use services by simply plug into the cloud and pay only for what he uses. All these features made a cloud computing very advantageous and demanding. But the data privacy is a key security problem in cloud computing which comprises of data integrity, data confidentiality and user privacy specific concerns. Most of the persons do not prefer cloud to store their data as they are having a fear of losing the privacy of their confidential data. This paper introduces some cloud computing data security problem and its strategy to solve them which also satisfies the user regarding their data security.
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical, physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted failures and server clouding attacks.
DISTRIBUTED SCHEME TO AUTHENTICATE DATA STORAGE SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijcsit
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces
database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data
may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical,
physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges
which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been
an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and
efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent
features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this
scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and
secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to
traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls,
cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data
management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis
describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted
failures and server clouding attacks.
Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces database and application software to the large data centres, where the management of services and data may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical, physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centres, where the data management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted failures and server clouding attacks.
The document proposes a Session Based Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption (SB-CP-ABE) method for access control in cloud storage. SB-CP-ABE aims to enable efficient key refreshing and revocation in ciphertext policy attribute based encryption (CP-ABE) schemes. It introduces the concept of associating private keys with sessions, so that key updates and revocations only need to be done at session boundaries, avoiding the need for frequent re-encryption of ciphertexts. The method can be generically applied to existing CP-ABE schemes to improve their practicality for cloud storage environments.
Similar to A Study of A Method To Provide Minimized Bandwidth Consumption Using Regenerating Codes In Cloud Storage (20)
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
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Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
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A Study of A Method To Provide Minimized Bandwidth Consumption Using Regenerating Codes In Cloud Storage
1. M.Nithya Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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A Study of A Method To Provide Minimized Bandwidth
Consumption Using Regenerating Codes In Cloud Storage
1
M.Nithya, 2
K.Sasireka
1
Master of Computer Science and Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College, Rasipuram, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College,
Rasipuram, India
Abstract-
Cloud storage systems to protect data from corruptions, redundant data to tolerate failures of storage and lost
data should be repaired when storage fails. Regenerating codes provide fault tolerance by striping data across
multiple servers, while using less repair traffic than traditional erasure codes during failure recovery. In previous
research implemented practical Data Integrity Protection (DIP) scheme for regenerating-coding based cloud
storage. Functional Minimum-Storage Regenerating (FMSR) codes and it construct FMSR-DIP codes, which
allow clients to remotely verify the integrity of random subsets of long-term archival data under a multi server
setting. The problem is to optimize bandwidth consumption when repairing multiple failures. The cooperative
repair of multiple failures can help to further save bandwidth consumption when multiple failures are being
repaired.
Key Terms: Cloud computing, Minimum storage, Bandwidth consumption.
I. INTRODUCTION
Several trends are opening up the era of Cloud
Computing, which is an Internet-based development
and use of computer technology. The ever cheaper
and more powerful processors, together with the
―Software as a Service‖ (SaaS) computing
architecture, are transforming data centres into pools
of computing service on a huge scale. Meanwhile,
the increasing network bandwidth and reliable yet
flexible network connections make it even possible
that clients can now subscribe high-quality services
from data and software that reside solely on remote
data centers. Although envisioned as a promising
service platform for the Internet, this new data
storage paradigm in ―Cloud‖ brings about many
challenging design issues which have profound
influence on the security and performance of the
overall system. One of the biggest problem in
existing method is it takes more bandwidth For
repairing multiple failures. so overcome this
problem we use functional minimum bandwidth
cooperative regenerating method for providing
minimized bandwidth consumption. Consider the
large size of the outsourced electronic data and the
client’s constrained resource capability, the core of
the problem can be generalized as how can the client
find an efficient way to perform periodical integrity
verifications without the local copy of data files.
Fig.1.1 Cloud Infrastructure
In order to solve the problem of data integrity
checking, many schemes are proposed under
different systems and security models. In all these
works, great efforts are made to design solutions that
meet various requirements: high scheme efficiency,
stateless verification, unbounded use of queries and
retrievability of data, etc. Considering the role of the
verifier in the model, all the schemes presented
before fall into two categories: private auditability
and public auditability. Although schemes with
private auditability can achieve higher scheme
efficiency, public auditability allows any one, not
just the client (data owner), to challenge the cloud
server for correctness of data storage while keeping
no private information. Then, clients are able to
delegate the evaluation of the service performance to
an independent Third Party Auditor (TPA), without
devotion of their computation resources. In the
cloud, the clients themselves are unreliable or may
not be able to afford the overhead of performing
frequent integrity checks. Thus, for practical use, it
seems more rational to equip the verification
Public/
external
Private
/internal
Hybrid
cloud
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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protocol with public auditability, which is expected
to play a more important role in achieving
economies of scale for Cloud Computing. Moreover,
for efficiency consideration, the outsourced data
themselves should not be required by the verifier for
the verification purpose.
1.1 PRIVATE CLOUD
Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated
solely for a single organization, whether managed
internally or by a third-party, and hosted either
internally or externally. Undertaking a private cloud
project requires a significant level and degree of
engagement to virtualize the business environment,
and requires the organization to reevaluate decisions
about existing resources. When done right, it can
improve business, but every step in the project raises
security issues that must be addressed to prevent
serious vulnerabilities. Self-run data centers are
generally capital intensive. They have a significant
physical footprint, requiring allocations of space,
hardware, and environmental controls. These assets
have to be refreshed periodically, resulting in
additional capital expenditures. They have attracted
criticism because users ―still have to buy, build, and
manage them‖ and thus do not benefit from less
hands-on management, essentially ―[lacking] the
economic model that makes cloud computing such
an intriguing concept‖.
1.2 PUBLIC CLOUD
A cloud is called a ―public cloud‖ when the
services are rendered over a network that is open for
public use. Public cloud services may be free or
offered on a pay-per-usage model. Technically there
may be little or no difference between public and
private cloud architecture, however, security
consideration may be substantially different for
services (applications, storage, and other resources)
that are made available by a service provider for a
public audience and when communication is effected
over a non-trusted network. Generally, public cloud
service providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft and
Google own and operate the infrastructure at their
data center and access is generally via the Internet.
AWS and Microsoft also offer direct connect
services called ―AWS Direct Connect‖ and ―Azure
ExpressRoute‖ respectively, such connections
require customers to purchase or lease a private
connection to a peering point offered by the cloud
provider.
1.3 HYBRID CLOUD
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more
clouds (private, community or public) that remain
distinct entities but are bound together, offering the
benefits of multiple deployment models. Hybrid
cloud can also mean the ability to connect
collocation, managed and/or dedicated services with
cloud resources. A hybrid cloud service as a cloud
computing service that is composed of some
combination of private, public and community cloud
services, from different service providers. A hybrid
cloud service crosses isolation and provider
boundaries so that it can’t be simply put in one
category of private, public, or community cloud
service. It allows one to extend either the capacity or
the capability of a cloud service, by aggregation,
integration or customization with another cloud
service.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
In this paper, they develop a new cryptographic
building block known as a proof of retrievability
(POR). A POR enables a user (verifier) to determine
that an archive (prover) ―possesses‖ a file or data
object. More precisely, a successfully executed POR
assures a verifier that the prover presents a protocol
interface through which the verifier can retrieve a
file in its entirety. Of course, a prover can refuse to
release a file even after successfully participating in
a POR. A POR, however, provides the strongest
possible assurance of file retrievability barring
changes in prover behavior. As they demonstrate in
this paper, a POR can be efficient enough to provide
regular checks of file retrievability. Consequently, as
a general tool, a POR can complement and
strengthen any of a variety of archiving
architectures, including those that involve data
dispersion
In this paper, we explore a unification of the
two approaches to remote file-integrity assurance in
a system that we call HAIL (High-Availability and
Integrity Layer). HAIL manages file integrity and
availability across a collection of servers or
independent storage services. It makes use of PORs
as building blocks by which storage resources can be
tested and reallocated when failures are detected
HAIL does so in a way that transcends the basic
single server design of PORs and instead exploits
both within server redundancy and cross-server
redundancy.HAIL relies on a single trusted
verifier—e.g., a client or a service acting on behalf
of a client—that interacts with servers to verify the
integrity of stored files. (We do not consider a
clientless model in which servers perform mutual
verification, as for distributed information dispersal
algorithms)
Our PDP schemes provide data format
independence, which is a relevant feature in practical
deployments and put no restriction on the number of
times the client can challenge the server to prove
data possession. Also, a variant of our main PDP
scheme offers public verifiability To enhance
possession guarantees in our model, the system
define the notion of robust auditing, which integrates
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forward Error-Correcting Codes (FECs) with remote
data checking. Attacks that corrupt small amounts of
data do no damage because the corrupted data may
be recovered by the FEC. Attacks that do
unrecoverable amounts of damage are easily
detected, since they must corrupt many blocks of
data to overcome the redundancy. The system
identify the requirements that guide the design,
implementation, and parameterization of robust
auditing schemes. Important issues include the
choice of an FEC code, the organization or layout of
the output data, and the selection of encoding
parameters. The forces on this design are subtle and
complex. The integration must maintain the security
of remote data checking, regardless of the
adversary’s attack strategy and regardless of the
access pattern to the original data. The integration
must also maximize the encoding rate of data and
the I/O performance of the file on remote storage,
and minimize storage overhead for redundancy and
the I/O complexity of auditing remote data.
III. METHODOLOGY
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing
services over the Internet. Cloud services allow
individuals and businesses to use software and
hardware that are managed by third parties at remote
locations. Examples of cloud services include online
file storage, social networking sites, webmail, and
online business applications. The cloud computing
model allows access to information and computer
resources from anywhere that a network connection
is available. Cloud computing provides a shared pool
of resources, including data storage space, networks,
computer processing power, and specialized
corporate and user applications. CloudSim goal is to
provide a generalized and extensible simulation
framework that enables modeling, simulation, and
experimentation of emerging Cloud computing
infrastructures and application services, allowing its
users to focus on specific system design issues that
they want to investigate, without getting concerned
about the low level details related to Cloud-based
infrastructures and services.
3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
Proof of Retrievability (POR) and Proof of data
possession (PDP) is to verify the integrity of a large
file by spot checking only a fraction of the file via
various cryptographic primitives and originally
proposed for the single-server case.Data integrity
checks to a multi server setting using replication and
erasure coding, respectively. Reed- Solomon codes
has a lower storage overhead than replication under
the same fault tolerance level. Regenerating codes
have recently been proposed to minimize repair
traffic the amount of data being read from surviving
servers. It achieve this by not reading and
reconstructing the whole file during repair as in
traditional erasure codes, but instead reading a set of
chunks smaller than the original file from other
surviving servers and reconstructing only the lost or
corrupted data chunks. Functional minimum-storage
regenerating (FMSR) codes and it construct FMSR-
DIP codes, which allow clients to remotely verify
the integrity of random subsets of long-term archival
data under a multi server setting. FMSR-DIP codes
preserve fault tolerance and repair traffic saving as
in FMSR codes.The Problem is to optimizing more
bandwidth consumption when repairing multiple
failiures.
3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this work extended FMSCR (Functional
Minimum Storage Co-operative Regenerating) –DIP
codes one newcomer during repair, the
corresponding families of cooperative regenerating
codes are specifically termed as MSR and MBR
codes as well. Though MBCR codes achieve the
minimum repair bandwidth, they sacrifice the
storage efficiency since each coded block contains
more than 1k of the original data, while MSCR
codes belong to the family of MDS codes by
achieving both the optimal storage efficiency and the
recoverability property. The original storage-
bandwidth tradeoff that defines the family of
regenerating codes is derived under the assumption
that repairs are considered individually, node
failures are repaired one by one in different rounds
of repairs. The repair bandwidth can have a better
lower bound with multiple newcomers that
cooperate with each other. the storage have
independently identified the storage-bandwidth
tradeoff with multiple cooperative newcomers
during repair and the erasure codes achieving such
repair bandwidth in this tradeoff are termed as
cooperative regenerating codes.Suppose that there
are t newcomers during repair, the storage and the
repair bandwidth per newcomer of Functional
minimum-storage cooperative regenerating (MSCR)
codes and minimum-bandwidth cooperative
regenerating (MBCR) codes.
3.2.1 Creation of Cloud Environment
Cloud Storage contains three stages Data
owners (owner), the cloud server (server), and the
third-party auditor (auditor). The owners create the
data and host their data in the cloud. The cloud
server stores the owners’ data and provides the data
access to users (data consumers). The auditor is a
trusted third-party that has expertise and capabilities
to provide data storage auditing service for both the
owners and servers. The auditor can be a trusted
organization managed by the government, which can
provide unbiased auditing result for both data
owners and cloud servers.
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3.2.2 FMSR- DIP Code Implementation
A systematic adversarial error-correcting code
(AECC) to protect against the corruption of a chunk,
In conventional error-correcting codes (ECC), when
a large file is encoded, it is first broken down into
smaller stripes to which ECC is applied
independently. AECC uses a family of PRPs as a
building block to randomize the stripe structure so
that it is computationally infeasible for an adversary
to target and corrupt any particular stripe. Both
FMSR codes and AECC provide fault tolerance. The
difference is that apply FMSR codes to a file striped
across servers, while we apply AECC to a single
code chunk stored within a server.
The cryptographic primitives stated and define
per-file secret keys kENC, kPRF, kPRP, and kMAC
for the encryption, PRF, PRP, and MAC operations,
respectively. The usage of these keys should be clear
from the context and are omitted below for clarity.
Also, implement AECC as an (n,k) error-correcting
code, which encodes k fragments of data into n
fragments, such that errors up to b(n – k)/2, or
erasures up to n - k can be corrected. A row as a
collection of all bytes that are at the same offset of
all native chunks or FMSR code chunks. The rth
rows of the native chunks and the FMSR code
chunks correspond to the bytes
respectively. See that the rth row of each of the
FMSR code chunks is encoded by the rth row of the
native chunks. That is, can construct the rth row of
the FMSR code chunk Pi, Each FMSR code chunk
Pi from NCCloud is encoded by FMSR-DIP codes
into Pi . The rth row of the FMSR-DIP code chunks
corresponds to the bytes
3.2.3 FMSCR and FMBCR Implemention
An instance of [n, k, d] exact MSR codes (d ! k +
1), we can instantly construct an instance of [n, k,
d−1, t = 2] exact MSCR codes. This means that we
have broadly expanded the parameters of exact
MSCR codes that have explicit constructions. To our
best knowledge, there exists a construction of exact
MSR codes as long as d ! 2k − 2 [12]. Therefore, if n
! d + 1 and d ! k, the system can get [n, k, d, t = 2]
exact MSCR codes as long as d ! 2k − 3. On the
other hand, the system also show that given a scalar
construction of linear exact MSCR codes, the system
can derive a construction of exact MSCR codes.
Since we know that there exists no scalar
construction of [n, k, d] linear exact MSR codes
when d < 2k − 3 and k > 3 [17], it is impossible to
have scalar construction of [n, k, d, t = 2] exact
MSCR codes when d < 2k − 4 and k > 3. To
summarize, discuss the construction of [n, k, d, t =
2] exact MSCR codes for all possible values of [n,
k]. The existence or the non-existence of linear
scalar constructions of all possible values of d,
except the only open case of d = 2k − 3, where k >
3.Because the FMSCR codes constructed in derived
from MSR codes, we can directly inherit advantages
of the corresponding instance of MSR codes. The
most straightforward and important advantage
inherited from MSR codes is that the derived
instance of MSCR codes can be systematic, i.e., the
original data are embedded into coded blocks.
Systematic MSCR codes can help to significantly
reduce the access latency and the exact repair makes
the repaired data remain systematic after any rounds
of repair procedures.
3.2.4 Dynamic Operation
The basic file operations Upload, Download,
and Repair of NC Cloud with the DIP feature.
During upload, FMSR-DIP codes expand the code
chunk size by a factor of n/k (due to the AECC).
During download and repair, FMSR-DIP codes
maintain the same transfer bandwidth requirements
(with up to a small constant overhead) when the
stored chunks are not corrupted. Also, we introduce
an additional Check operation, which verifies the
integrity of a small part of the stored chunks by
downloading random rows from the servers and
checking their consistencies.
IV. CONCLUSION
In this work extended FMSCR (Functional
Minimum Storage Co-operative Regenerating) –DIP
codes are used to provide minimum bandwidth and
storage space when newcomer during repair, the
corresponding families of cooperative regenerating
codes are specifically termed as MSR and MBR
codes as well. Though MBCR codes achieve the
minimum repair bandwidth, they sacrifice the
storage efficiency since each coded block contains
more than 1k of the original data, while MSCR
codes belong to the family of MDS codes by
achieving both the optimal storage efficiency and the
recoverability property.
REFERENCES
[1] AtenieseG, Burns.R, Curtmola.R, Herring.J,
Khan.O, Kissner.L, Peterson.Z, and
Song.D, ―Remote Data Checking Using
Provable Data Possession,‖ ACM Trans.
Information and System Security, vol. 14,
article 12, May 2011.
[2] Bowers.K, Juels.A, and Oprea.A, ―Proofs of
Retrievability: Theory and Implementation,‖
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Proc. ACM Workshop Cloud Computing
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