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Cementing ii section 3
- 1. May-2002 3 • 1Cementing II Section 3 Liner Cementing Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Liners............................................................................................................................................. 3-3 Definition........................................................................................................................... 3-3 Typical Liner Assembly .................................................................................................... 3-3 Reasons for Running Liners...................................................................................................... 3-4 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-5 Drilling Liner..................................................................................................................... 3-5 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-6 Production Liner ............................................................................................................... 3-6 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-7 Scab or Stub Liner ............................................................................................................ 3-7 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-8 Tie-Back Liner................................................................................................................... 3-8 Liner Cementing Considerations ............................................................................................... 3-9 Liner Cementing Considerations ............................................................................................... 3-9 Liner Cementing Considerations ............................................................................................. 3-10 Liners: Three Widely Accepted Cementing Methods................................................................ 3-11 Consideration In Selecting Type Of Liner Hanger To Use ....................................................... 3-14 Mechanical-Set Liner Hanger ................................................................................................. 3-15 Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger.................................................................................................... 3-16 Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger.................................................................................................... 3-16 Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger.................................................................................................... 3-17 Liner Calculation.................................................................................................................... 3-18 Calculate seven parameters:.............................................................................................. 3-18 Example Calculation #4: .................................................................................................. 3-19 Practice Calculation #3 .................................................................................................... 3-23
- 2. May-2002 3 • 2Cementing II Introduction The section will Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to
- 3. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •3 Cementing II Liners Definition - any string of casing with the top of the string below the surface of the ground. Typical Liner Assembly Components of a Liner System Drillstring Setting Sleeve Setting Tool Packoff Liner hanger Liner Shoe Track Plug System
- 4. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •4 Cementing II Reasons for Running Liners • Reduced casing cost • Less ID restriction - Increased flow rate during drilling and cementing • Drill with tapered string • Tensile load may exceed casing specifications. • Reduced Weight On Wellhead • Well Construction Requirements - Sidetracks - Multi-Laterals - Slotted Liner
- 5. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •5 Cementing II Liners Types Drilling Liner • Set through a section of hole with further drilling planned. • Extends intermediate casing. • Isolates troublesome zones • Isolates weak or pressurized zones
- 6. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •6 Cementing II Liners Types Production Liner • Set through or immediately above productive interval. • Serves as completion casing.
- 7. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •7 Cementing II Liners Types Scab or Stub Liner • Extends from top of previously set liner to a point up hole, but not reaching wellhead. • Repair damaged or parted casing.
- 8. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •8 Cementing II Liners Types Tie-Back Liner • Extends from top of previously set liner to wellhead. • Protects previous casings • Isolates previous liner top.
- 9. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •9 Cementing II Liner Cementing Considerations • Tight annular clearances - High friction pressures therefore high ECD - Lost circulation - Increased Gas Flow Potential - Differential sticking - Centralization difficult but critical • Limited pump rates - Liner hanger limitations - High ECD - Potential for poor mud displacement • Pipe movement limited - Liner hanger often set before cementing - Differential sticking - Fear of sticking liner off of bottom • High mud weights - Densified cement and spacers - Slurry density at least 1 ppg > mud • Accurate well data necessary - Fracture gradient - Pore pressure - Caliper log for volume calculations and computer modeling • Temperature - BHCT @ liner bottom - BHST @ liner bottom and top - High differential may require long waiting times or SCR-100 - BHCT may equal BHST in long horizontal liners. - Enertech temperature simulator (WT-Drill)
- 10. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •10 Cementing II Liner Cementing Considerations • Slurry design - Stable slurry with no free water or solids settling - Low rheology to minimize ECD but able to suspend solids - Fluid loss 50-100 cc/30 min; less than 50 cc if gas migration is a concern or if annular clearance is extremely small - Compressive strength of 500 psi at liner top before drilling out - Adequate thickening time allowing for batch mixing, liner hanger operations, circulating excess cement. • Contamination concerns - Always perform contamination tests in lab - High density muds may be heavily chemically treated - Contamination results in high viscosity & high ECD - Spacer in drillpipe at liner hanger if OBM is in annulus - Avoid SUPERFLUSH spacer on liner applications
- 11. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •11 Cementing II Liners: Three Widely Accepted Cementing Methods • Single stage: - Circulate cement to top of liner - reverse excess. • Single stage: - Circulate excess cement 10-12 joints above liner-drilled cement after setting. • Planned squeeze program: (Tack and Squeeze) - Lower part cemented - Top part squeezed later.
- 12. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •12 Cementing II
- 13. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •13 Cementing II
- 14. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •14 Cementing II Consideration In Selecting Type Of Liner Hanger To Use • Mechanical or hydraulic set • Single or multiple cone • Liner rotation and/or reciprocation during cementing • Hole geometry • Liner hanger passing through the top of another liner
- 15. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •15 Cementing II Mechanical-Set Liner Hanger • Set by surface manipulation (rotating to disengage J-slot and slacking off weight to engage slips) • To unseat, drillpipe picked up and rotated to get J-slot to the “running in” position • Most widely used Releasing-nut Threads Sizing Ring Pack-off Element Cone Slips Automatic J-Latch Cage Drag Springs
- 16. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •16 Cementing II Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger Tie-back Receptacle Releasing-nut Threads Plain-Action Setting Collar Upper-Tapered Cones Upper Slips Lower-Tapered Cones Lower Slips Setting-tool Shear Screws
- 17. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •17 Cementing II Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger • Preferred if one liner is already in well • Designed to prevent premature setting of slips going into well • Hydraulic pressure required to set slips (unseat by picking up drillpipe) • Designs vary, some tools can also be set with ball plug or rotation. • Not as widely used as mechanical set hangers
- 18. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •18 Cementing II Liner Calculation Calculate seven parameters: • Volume of cement required in the annulus: above the liner and in the shoe joint • Sacks of cement required to achieve the calculated volume • Mixing fluid required to the mix the cement • Fluid volume required to pump the drill pipe plug to the top of the liner • Fluid volume required to pump the casing plug to the landing baffle • Pressure required to pump the plug to the landing baffle • Top of the cement when the drill pipe has been pulled out of the hole
- 19. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •19 Cementing II Example Calculation #4: Cement a 7 inch 32 lb/ft C-75 liner in a 8 1/2 inch open hole. The liner top will be at 11,322 feet. The TD of the 9 5/8 inch 47 lb/ft cased hole is 11,422 feet. The liner TD will be at; 11,622 feet, there is a 30 foot shoe joint. Cement this with class "H" + .3 % HR-12 at 16.4 lb/gal. Leave 75 feet of cement on top of the liner when the drill pipe is pulled out of the hole. The well fluid and displacement fluid will be 11.6 lb/gal mud. This liner is run on 4 1/2 inch 16.6 lb/ft drill pipe. • Cubic feet of cement • Sacks of cement • Mixing fluid • Drill pipe displacement • Liner displacement • Differential pressure • TOC when the drill pipe is out
- 20. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •20 Cementing II To Surface Drilling Mud 4 1/2" 16.6 lb/ft Drill Pipe 7" 32 lb/ft c-75 Liner 8 1/2" Hole Tail Cement Float Collar Float Shoe11622' 11422' Top of Liner 11322' TOC DP in 9 5/8" 47 lb/ft Casing TOC DP out 11592' Volume of Cement
- 21. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •21 Cementing II Left on top 75 ft x .4110 cuft/ft = 30.825 cuft Over lap 100 ft x .1438 cuft/ft = 14.380 cuft Open Hole 200 ft x .1268 cuft/ft = 25.360 cuft Shoe Joint 30 ft x .2025 cuft/ft = 6.075 cuft Total = 76.640 cuft Sacks of Cement 76.640 cuft ÷ 1.06 cuft/sk = 72.3019 sacks Mixing Fluid 72.3019 sks x 4.3 gal/sk ÷ 42 gal/bbl = 7.4023 bbls Displacement Drill Pipe 11,322 ft. x .01422 bbl/ft = 160.9988 bbl Liner 270 ft. x .03600 bbl/ft = 9.7200 bbl Total = 170.7188 bbl
- 22. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •22 Cementing II Differential Pressure Cased hole to drill pipe annulus factor. 0.4110 cuft/ft - .1104 cuft/ft = .3006 cuft/ft HOC above liner 30.825 cuft ÷ .3006 cuft/ft = 102.5449 ft HOC to Liner top = 300.0000 ft Total HOC = 402.5449 ft Hydrostatic pressure outside the liner and drill pipe Well Fluid 11,219.4550 ft x .6026 psi/ft = 6760.8436 psi Cement 402.5449 ft x .8519 psi/ft = 342.9280 psi Total = 7103.7716 psi Hydrostatic pressure inside the liner and drill pipe Displacement 11,592 ft x .6026 psi/ft = 6985.3392 psi Cement 30 ft x .8519 psi/ft = 25.5570 psi Total = 7010.8962 psi Differential Pressure 7103.7716 psi - 7010.8962 psi 92.8754 psi Top of cement when drill pipe is pulled 11,322 feet - 75 feet 11,247 feet
- 23. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •23 Cementing II Practice Calculation #3 Cement a 9 5/8 inch 47 lb/ft N-80 liner in a 12 1/2 inch open hole (average hole size). Allow an additional 9% of the open hole annulus volume for excess. The liner top will be at 11,956 feet. The TD of the 13 3/8 inch 68 lb/ft cased hole is 12,076 feet. The liner TD will be at 12,856 feet, there is a 30 foot shoe joint. Cement this with class "G" + .75 % CFR-2 at 17 lb/gal. Leave 100 feet of cement on top of the liner. The well fluid and displacement fluid will be 11.3 lb/gal mud. This liner is run on 4 inch 14 lb/ft drill pipe. • Cubic feet of cement • Sacks of cement • Mixing fluid • Drill pipe displacement • Liner displacement • Differential pressure • TOC when the drill pipe is out
- 24. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •24 Cementing II To Surface
- 25. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •25 Cementing II Practice Calculation #4 Cement a 5.0 inch 18.0 lb/ft liner in a 7 inch open hole. The annulus is washed out 12%. The liner top will be at 12,610 feet. The TD of the 8 5/8 inch 40 lb/ft cased hole is 12,685 feet. The liner TD will be 13,310 feet, there is a 30 foot shoe joint. Cement this with class "A" + 0.4% HR-4. Leave 100 feet of cement on top of the liner. The well fluid and displacement fluid are 10.2 lb/gal mud. This liner is run on 4 1/2 inch 20.0 lb/ft drill pipe. • Cubic feet of cement • Sacks of cement • Mixing fluid • Drill pipe displacement • Liner displacement • Differential pressure • TOC when the drill pipe is out
- 26. Liner Cementing May-2002 3 •26 Cementing II To Surface