Cells are the smallest and most basic unit of life. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which are simple and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells which are more complex and contain organelles. Eukaryotic cells include animal and plant cells which have internal structures like a nucleus that holds DNA, organelles for functions like protein production, and a cytoskeleton for internal organization and movement.

1. Cells
• All living things are made up of cells
• Smallest unit of life
• Two types of cells:
– Prokaryotic: simple
– Eukaryotic: complex

2. A typical bacterial cell:

3. Animal Cell
Separates cell
from outside
Control center
Holds the DNA
Surrounds nucleus
Holes for transport of materials
Makes ribosomes
Holds organelles
Makes proteins
Modifies proteins
Makes lipids
Packages and ships
Vesicle transport
Digestion vesicle
Makes ATP for energy
Centrioles: involved in cell
division
Cytoskeleton: internal organization
and movement

4. Animal Cell Examples
• Human Cheek Cell
– Stained with methylene blue

5. Plant Cell
Protection, support
Store water, wastes
Increase surface area
photosynthesis

6. Plant cell examples
• Elodea
• Onion epidermis
– Stained with Iodine solution