The cell has three basic parts - the nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls the cell's activities and contains hereditary materials. The plasma membrane encloses the cell and regulates what enters and exits. Plant cells also have a cell wall that provides structure and protection. Within the cytoplasm are organelles that carry out specialized functions like mitochondria that generate energy and chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis in plant cells. Key differences between plant and animal cells include the presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts in plant cells.

1. Cell Structure and Function

2. Representative Animal Cell

3. Representative Plant Cell

4. CELL PARTS

5. The cell has 3 basic parts:
1.Nucleus
2.Plasma membrane
3.Cytoplasm

6. Nucleus
• The nucleus is a part
of cells which is easily
seen. It is very
important because it
controls all the
activities of the other
parts that occur within
the cell. The nucleus
contains materials that
play a role in heredity.

7. Plasma membrane
• The plasma membrane
encloses the cell and
separates what is inside it
from its environment. It
also controls what goes
into and out of the cell.
The plasma membrane
allows entry of materials
needed by the cell and
eliminates those which are
not needed.

8. Cell wall
• The cell wall is
made of stiff
material that forms
the outermost part
of plant cells. This
gives shape and
protection to them.

9. Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm
consists of a jelly-like
substance where all the
other parts of the cell
are located. It does not
however, include the
area where the nucleus
is located. Many
different activities of the
cell occur in the
cytoplasm.

10. Organelles
• Are distinct membrane-bound
particles that includes mitochondria,
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough
endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes,
golgi body, lysosomes,
vacuoles/vesicles, chloroplast, and
centrioles.

11. Mitochondria
• Converts energy
into food to a
form usable to
the cell
• The powerhouse
of the cell

12. Ribosomes
Produced in the nucleus, occurs
in large numbers and can be
free floating in the cytoplasm,
involved in the manufacture of
protein.

13. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• With attached
ribosomes that
manufacture
proteins

14. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• Contains no
ribosomes
• Makes lipids

15. Golgi body
• Sorts, modifies,
packages, and
distribute cell
products to
where they are
needed

17. Lysosomes
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Functions
– Aid in cell renewal
– Break down old cell
parts
– Digests invaders
– Suicidal bag of the cell

18. Centrioles
• Can be found in
animal cell only,
located near the
nucleus
• They help
organize
structures during
cell division

19. Vacuoles / Vesicles
• Vacuoles are present in both plant and animal
cells. In plant cells, they are large and usually
occupy more than half of the cell space.
Vacuoles also store water, thereby maintaining
rigidity to cells and provide support for plants to
stand upright.
• Vacuoles in animal cells are small and are called
vesicles. They serve as storage of water and
food and also function in the excretion of waste
materials.

20. Vacuoles / Vesicles

21. Chloroplast
• Chloroplasts are
important in plant
cells because it is
where food is made.
It contains chlorophyll
which absorbs energy
from the sun to make
food for plants.

22. Difference between plant cell and
animal cell
Cell part Plant cell Animal cell
Cell wall Present Absent
Mitochondria Present Present
Smooth ER Present Present
Rough ER Present Present
Ribosomes Present Present
Lysosomes Present Present
Centrioles Absent Present
Vacuole / Vesicle Present Present
Golgi body Present Present
Chloroplast Present Absent