This document describes the process of cell division through mitosis and meiosis. It explains that mitosis produces identical daughter cells through the phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis produces gametes through two divisions, resulting in four haploid cells. The first division separates the homologous chromosomes, while the second separates sister chromatids. Together, mitosis and meiosis allow for cell growth and reproduction.
Here is an appearance of a ppt file I prepared for presentation on cell division a couple of weeks ago. The most tricky part about it was showing a mitosis cell division on a virtually live diagram as it should get more realistic. It took about two and a half hours for a single slide (photo) to make. It was getting stuck while playing some slides with complex instructions. So I tried to make a simplified view with less animation. Less animation showed less flexibility in their moves but I had no choice. However, we made a successful presentation on that day from group-A includes 12 of students including I
Continuation of the cell structure and function. This presentation highlights the cell cycle and concentrate on how cell division occur and the steps involved in cell dividing.
2018/2019
Here is an appearance of a ppt file I prepared for presentation on cell division a couple of weeks ago. The most tricky part about it was showing a mitosis cell division on a virtually live diagram as it should get more realistic. It took about two and a half hours for a single slide (photo) to make. It was getting stuck while playing some slides with complex instructions. So I tried to make a simplified view with less animation. Less animation showed less flexibility in their moves but I had no choice. However, we made a successful presentation on that day from group-A includes 12 of students including I
Continuation of the cell structure and function. This presentation highlights the cell cycle and concentrate on how cell division occur and the steps involved in cell dividing.
2018/2019
A detailed description of molecular level of cell cycle. Its regulation by different checkpoints. The Structure and Function of MPF. Description of MPF discovery.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
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As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical marketâwhich includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutritionâis growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana LuĂsa Pinho
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
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Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The systemâs unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
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Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other  chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released. Â
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules -Â a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.Â
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to âburnâ the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP.  Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.Â
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.Â
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 â 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : Â cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
8. Mitotic
phaseThe cell is actually divides to make
more cells needed by our body
Has two steps which is mitosis and
Cytokinesis
9. MITOSIS
The produces
identical couples of
cell.
It is actually part of
the cell cycle which
nucleus of ell divide.
It has section,
prophase,
metaphase,
anaphase, and
telophase.
10. PROPHASE
During prophase the
chromosome condenses
and become visible
appearing two sister
chromatids.
They are held together
in centromere,
centrioles migrate from
opposite poles
estabilishing a bridge of
microtubes the nuclear
13. TELEPHASE
At telapahase a
cleavage forrow
turns in the center
of the cell.
Chromosomes
cluster and begin
decondensing as the
nuclear envelope
reforms.
14. CYTOKENESIS
Part of mitotic
phase where it
completes the cell
division by
extending the
cleavage furrow to
complete separate
the daughter cells.
17. MEIOSIS
Is a process which haploid cell are produce
forms a diploid cell. Chromosomes must
be correctly sorted and distributed in a
manner to create genetically unique cells.
It is occurs in special cell two round
division are necessary they are called
meosis 1 and meosis 2.it is also similar to
the mitosis but they are some
dissimilarities between them.
22. MITOTIC PHASE
The cells are
dividing to make
more cells neede
by our body. Like
mitosis it has
mitosis and
Cytokenesis but
the process of
mitosis is two, the
meosis I and
23. PROPHASE 1
When homologous pair
of sister chromatids lai
side by side forming a
tretrad process called
synapsis. Crossover
also occurred in
prophase 1 which the
physical change
between chromosomes
segments of non sister
24. PRO METAPHASE 1
The meotic spindle is
fully from the sister
chromatids is
attached to the
spindle fibers by
kinetochores of each
one because of cross
over unlike in
mitosis the fibers is
30. PROMETAPHASE 2
The sister chromatids
attach to the spindle
of by kinetochore
microtubules with
sister chromatids
attached to the
opposite poles but
this time the attach
ment is like in
31. METAPHASE 2
The spindle align
the sister
chromatids along
metaphase plate or
equatorial plate.
32. ANAPHASE 2
The sister chromatids
separate and individual
chromosomes move
toward the poles. The
entire procees end with;
33. TELAPHASE 2
As the chromosome
decondense and the
nuclear envelope
reforms.
35. The haploid cell specialize anti gametes
either sperm or egg cell. Thses fuse
fertilization to form zygote which will grow
into a child
The child receives half its chromosomes
from mater and its and half from its
father.
36. QUESTION
1. the division of cell?
2. 4 processes of mitosis
3. 2 types of cell Division
Answer
Answer
Answer