CELL ADHESION MOLECULES AND MATRIX PROTEINS
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Cell adhesion molecules and matrix proteins play important roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Cell adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins that can mediate either homophilic or heterophilic interactions between cells. They have an intracellular, transmembrane, and extracellular domain and are classified as either calcium-independent or calcium-dependent. Calcium-independent cell adhesion molecules include IgSF CAMs and lymphocyte homing receptors while calcium-dependent ones include integrins, cadherins, and selectins. Matrix proteins such as proteoglycans, collagens, elastins, fibronectins and laminins provide structure and allow cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Abnormalities in cell adhesion molecules and matrix proteins are
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This document discusses the extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules that help connect cells to each other and their surroundings. It covers the main components of the extracellular matrix, including collagens, elastins, proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid. It also examines various cell adhesion molecules like integrins, cadherins, selectins, and the immunoglobulin superfamily that allow cell-cell and cell-matrix binding through interactions with extracellular matrix proteins or receptors on other cells. These adhesion complexes are important for tissue structure and function.
CELL ADHESION MOLECULES AND MATRIX PROTEINS
Cell adhesion molecules and matrix proteins play important roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Cell adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins that can mediate either homophilic or heterophilic interactions between cells. They are classified into calcium-independent and calcium-dependent types, with the main calcium-independent types being IgSF CAMs and lymphocyte homing receptors, and the main calcium-dependent types being integrins, cadherins, and selectins. Matrix proteins include proteoglycans, which are core proteins attached to glycosaminoglycan chains, and glycoproteins such as structural proteins like collagen and elastin or adhesive proteins like fibronectin and laminin. Abnormalities in cell adhesion molecules and matrix
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1) Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) allow cells to adhere to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. The main CAM families are cadherins, integrins, the immunoglobulin superfamily, and selectins.
2) Cadherins are calcium-dependent CAMs that mediate homophilic adhesion between cells of the same type. They link to the actin cytoskeleton via catenins. Cadherins play important roles in tissue formation and embryogenesis.
3) Integrins are heterodimeric CAMs composed of alpha and beta subunits. They mediate calcium-dependent adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix by binding ligands like fibronectin and laminin. Integrins also
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Biomembranes separate cell interiors from the external environment, participate in cell functions, and mediate cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. Biomembranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded and peripheral proteins. The phospholipid bilayer forms a semipermeable barrier through self-assembly of phospholipid molecules with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. Membrane proteins have hydrophobic regions that extend through the bilayer and hydrophilic regions exposed to the aqueous environment on either side. Additional structures like the glycocalyx, extracellular matrix, basal lamina, and focal adhesions further facilitate cellular interactions and processes like migration.
Cell adhesion molecules and matrix proteins
Cell adhesion molecules are proteins located on cell surfaces that are involved in binding between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix. The three main types are cadherins, integrins, and selectins. Cadherins are calcium-dependent proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that bind to components of the extracellular matrix and mediate cell-matrix adhesion as well as cell signaling. Selectins mediate the initial capture and rolling of leukocytes along vascular surfaces. Cell adhesion molecules play important physiological roles in processes like leukocyte trafficking, blood coagulation, and morphogenesis. They also have applications as therapeutic targets in areas such as cancer, osteoporosis, and inflammatory diseases.
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This document summarizes different families of adhesion molecules that are important for cell-cell interactions and immune cell migration. The four main families discussed are cadherins, integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily proteins, and selectins. Integrins in particular play key roles in processes like platelet aggregation, inflammation, wound healing, and tissue migration. Dysregulation of adhesion molecules can also contribute to diseases.
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CELL ADHESION MOLECULES AND MATRIX PROTEINS
Cell adhesion molecules and matrix proteins play important roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Cell adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins that can mediate either homophilic or heterophilic interactions between cells. They are classified into calcium-independent and calcium-dependent types, with the main calcium-independent types being IgSF CAMs and lymphocyte homing receptors, and the main calcium-dependent types being integrins, cadherins, and selectins. Matrix proteins include proteoglycans, which are core proteins attached to glycosaminoglycan chains, and glycoproteins such as structural proteins like collagen and elastin or adhesive proteins like fibronectin and laminin. Abnormalities in cell adhesion molecules and matrix
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1) Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) allow cells to adhere to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. The main CAM families are cadherins, integrins, the immunoglobulin superfamily, and selectins.
2) Cadherins are calcium-dependent CAMs that mediate homophilic adhesion between cells of the same type. They link to the actin cytoskeleton via catenins. Cadherins play important roles in tissue formation and embryogenesis.
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Cell adhesion molecules and matrix proteins
Cell adhesion molecules are proteins located on cell surfaces that are involved in binding between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix. The three main types are cadherins, integrins, and selectins. Cadherins are calcium-dependent proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that bind to components of the extracellular matrix and mediate cell-matrix adhesion as well as cell signaling. Selectins mediate the initial capture and rolling of leukocytes along vascular surfaces. Cell adhesion molecules play important physiological roles in processes like leukocyte trafficking, blood coagulation, and morphogenesis. They also have applications as therapeutic targets in areas such as cancer, osteoporosis, and inflammatory diseases.
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The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an organized network of extracellular materials that surrounds cells. One type of ECM is the basement membrane, a thin sheet that underlies epithelial tissues. The ECM is composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and structural glycoproteins. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the ECM and forms fibrils that provide structural support and determine the shape of tissues. Collagen molecules assemble into fibrils outside of cells through a process involving post-translational modifications.
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CELL ADHESION MOLECULES AND MATRIX PROTEINS
- 1. CELLADHESION MOLECULES AND MATRIX PROTEINS BY SHIHANA.S FIRST YEAR M.PHARM DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY 1
- 2. CELLADHESION Cell combines to form tissues. 2
- 3. TYPES OF CELLADHESION • CELL-CELLADHESION • CELL-MATRIX ADHESION 3
- 4. CELLADHESION MOLECULES (CAMs) • Cell surface proteins • Cell-cell adhesion may be homophilic or heterophilic interaction • Specificity of cell-cell recognition • Functions- 4
- 5. BIOLOGY OF CAMs • An intracellular domain • A transmembrane domain • An extracellular domain STRUCTURE OF CAMs 5
- 6. CLASSIFICATION OF CAMs 1. Calcium-independent • IgSF CAMs • Lymophocyte homing receptors 2. Calcium-dependent • Integrins • Cadherins • Selectins 6
- 7. CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT CAMs 1. IgSF CAMs • Homophilic or heterophilic-70-110 amino acids. • Large group of cell surface molecules-VCAM, NCAM, ICAM, Nectins and Necl. 2. Lymphocyte homing receptors • Addressins 7
- 8. CALCIUM-DEPENDENT CAMs • Integrins o Heterodimeric proteins o Structure o Physiological role 8
- 9. • Cadherins o Homophilic interaction-150 aminoacids. o E,N,P o ECD 9
- 10. • Selectins o Heterophilic, bind with mucins o E,L,P o PSGL-1 1010
- 11. ROLE OF CELLADHESION MOLECULES IN VARIOUS DISEASES • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency • Alzheimer’s disease • Coronary artery disease • Cancer-metastasis,prostate cancer 11
- 12. MATRIX PROTEINS 12 • Cell shapes, migration, proliferation, cell survival and metabolism. • Consists of protein-carbohydrate complexes. • Biology
- 13. CLASSIFICATION 1. Proteoglycans 2. Glycoproteins • Structural proteins- Collagen and Elastin • Adhesive proteins- Fibronectin and laminin 13
- 14. 1. Proteoglycans • Core proteins-covalently attached to long non-branched chains of GAGs. • Hyaluronic acids, chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfates, heparin sulfate. • Polysaccharide content 95%. 2. Glycoproteins • Short branched oligosaccharides. • Carbohydrate content less than 10%. • Different types of glycoproteins. 14
- 15. STRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEINS 15 Collagen • 25% of total content, 29 types. • Stiff triple helix-3 peptide chains. • Monosaccharides and disaccharides. • Fibrillar collgens.
- 16. Elastin 16 • Does not form stiff triple helix. • Consists of flexible polypeptides. • Microfibrils 10-20nm in diameter-fibrillins.
- 17. ADHESIVE GLYCOPROTEINS 17 Fibronectins o Bind with other matrix proteins(strongest binding with collagen-III). o Guide cellular movement. o 20 types
- 18. Laminin 18 • Cross linked trimeric adhesive proteins. • Flexible-3 polypedtide chain(,,)-disulfide bond.
- 19. ROLE OF MATRIX PROTEINS IN VARIOUS DISEASES 1. Endocrine diseases • Chronic pancreatitis- pancreatic fibrosis, chronic inflammatory disease. • Renal hypertrophy 2. Collagenosis 3. Cancer 4. COPD 5. Infectious diseases 19
- 20. REFERENCE 1. Harsh Mohan. Text book of Pathology. 5th edition: 31,137-138. 2. Robbins and Cortan. Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th edition:72-77. 3. Cyrus C, Jones EY. The Molecular Structure of Cell Adhesion Molecules. Annual Review of Biochemistry. 1997; 66: 823–62. 4. Alexandros D, Athanasios GP, Michael C, Eleni E, Meletios AD. The Role of Cell Adhesion Molecules (integrins / cadherins) in Prostate Cancer. International Brazilian Society of Urology. 2011; 37(3): 302-306. 5. Zerrin S University of Anatolia, Department of Pharmacology. Cellular Adhesion and Adhesion Molecules. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2001; 25: 1- 15. 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion_molecule. 20
- 21. THANK YOU 21