The document summarizes a seminar presentation on cell theory. It defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It discusses the history of cell theory beginning in 1839 with Schleiden and Schwann's definition. It also describes key aspects of cell structure, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus. The summary outlines the modern cell theory given by Rudolf Virchow, which states that all organisms are composed of cells, new cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells share basic properties.

1. A
SEMINAR
ON
CELL- THEORY
G.D. RUNGTA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHENOLOGY,1
BY
HUMA NAZ SIDDIQUI
ASST. PROFESSOR

2.  INTRODUCTION
• DEFINATION
• HISTORY
• SHAPE & SIZE
• STRUCTURE
• TYPES
• CONCLUSION
• SUMMARY
• REFRENCES
CELL THEROY
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The CELL is the basic unit of organization or structure of
all living matter.
 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
 All cells come from pre-existing cells.
CELL THEROY
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5. THE structure unit called call. the concept that the call is
basic unit of life is know as the cell theory.
 THE structure unit called call. the concept
that the call is basic unit of life is know as
the cell theory. OR
 “ A cell is the structure and functional unit
of living body.”
CELL THEROY
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6. CELL THEORY
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.T. Schwann (1839)
M.I schleiden (1839)
Rudolf Virchow – 1855
•German physician who studied cell reproduction
•“Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell…..”
•“ new cell develop from the division of pre- existing cell.”
•It is known as law of cell lineage.
THE PROKARYOTS : PRO :PRIMITIVE
KARYON: NUCLEUS
HANS RIS(1960) DISCOVERED BY
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7. •Bacteria e.g. Eschericia coli (aka
E.coli)
• Size=1 µm by 3 µm
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CELL THEORY

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CELL THEORY
FIG1:-plantcell

9. FIG2:-PLANTCELL
CELL THEORY
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10. CELL THEORY
RIBOSOMES
• make proteinsS
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FIG 3: RIBOSOMES

11.  The ribosome (from ribonucleic acid and the Greek soma,
meaning "body") is a large and complex molecular machine,
found within all living cells,
 that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis
(translation).
 Ribosome's link amino acids together in the order specified by
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
 A ribosome is made from complexes of RNAs and proteins and is
therefore a ribonucleoprotein.
 Each ribosome is divided into two subunits: the smaller subunit binds
to the mRNA pattern, while the larger subunit binds to the tRNA and
the amino acids.
 Ribosomes from bacteria, archaic and eukaryotes (the three domains
of life on Earth) differ in their size, sequence, structure, and the ratio
of protein to RNA.
CELL THEORY

12. MITOCHONDRIA
 Power plant of the cell
 Produces energy
 Richard Altmann, in 1894,
established them as cell
organelles and called
them "bioblasts". The
term "mitochondria" itself
was coined by Carl Benda
in 1898 .
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CELL THEORY
FIG 4: MITOCONDRIA

13.  The mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed
structure found in most eukaryotic cells (the
cells that make up plants, animals, and many
other forms of life).
 Mitochondria range from 0.5 to
1.0 micrometer (μm) in diameter.
 These organelles are sometimes described as
"cellular power plants" because they generate
most of the cell's supply of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of
chemical energy.
 Greek mitos, i.e. "thread", and , chondrion, i.e.
"granule".
 Richard Altmann, in 1894, established them as
cell organelles and called them "bioblasts".
 The term "mitochondria" itself was coined by
Carl Benda in 1898.
CELL THEORY
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14. GOLGIAPPARATUS
Stacks of disk shaped membranes.
Sort
Package proteins
Process
• The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi
complex,
• Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found
in most eukaryotic cells.
• It was identified in 1897 by the Italian physician
Camillo Golgi and named after him in 1898
CELL THEORY
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15.  Golgi–Holmgren apparatus", "Golgi–
Holmgren ducts", and "Golgi–Kopsch
apparatus".
 The term "Golgi apparatus" was used in
1910 and first appeared in scientific literature
in 1913
CELL THEORY
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16. NUCLEUS
Contains DNA – produce instructions for protein
synthesis.
Contain chromosomes
Produce ribosome in
the nucleolus.
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CELL THEORY
FIG 6:- NUCLEUS

17.  In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from
Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a
membrane-enclosed organelle found in
eukaryotic cells.
 It contains most of the cell's genetic material,
organized as multiple long linear DNA
molecules in complex with a large variety of
proteins, such as histones, to form
chromosomes.
 The genes within these chromosomes are the
cell's nuclear genome.
 The function of the nucleus is to maintain the
integrity of these genes and to control the
activities of the cell by regulating gene
expression — the nucleus is, therefore.
 the control center of the cell.The main
structures making up the nucleus are the
nuclear membrane.
CELL THEORY
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18. • 1ST:- CLASSICAL CELL THEORY:-
• It is applicable for almost to all living things , micro-organism,
plant, and
animal
• 2nd:- MODERN CELL THEORY (Cell Principle):-
Given by :-Rudolf Virchow(1855)
• All organism are composed of cells.
• New cell arise from pre-existing cell.
• All cells are basically alike in chemical composition & metabolic
activities.
• All the activities of an organism as a whole is the outcome of the
activities and interactions of the constituting the body of that
organism.
CELL THEORY
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20. Name
Structural unit
Size
Genetic material
Chromosomes
Nuclear member
His tone proteins
Nucleolus
Cell wall
Cell division
Sexual reproduction
DNA
ribosome
Prokaryote cells
Bacteria(algae)
0.1-5.0/µm
Naked DNA
1
Absent
Absent
Absent
Mainly consist of carbohydrates and
amino acid complex
Binary fission
Absent
Less than
70 S
Eukaryote cells
Plant & animals
5-100µm
DNA complexes with protein
>1
present
Present
present
Ceullose,pectin hemiceoullose
Mitosis
present
More than
80S

21. The cell is ” the basic structure & function unit
of living Organisms” capable of carrying out all
the activities necessary for life. Thus, a theory was
given the cell known as cell theory , There is a
great amount of variability in cell shape & size
takes Place.
CELL THEORY
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22.  Cell theory-Historical invention of microscope
&cell.
 Classical cell theory :–Given by Schelden &
Schwann.
 Exception of classical cell theory.
 Objection of classical cell theory.
 Modern cell theory:-Given by Rudolf
Virchow.
 Basic property of cell ,According to modern
cell theory.
 Type of cell:- Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cell.
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CELL THEORY

23. M.Cooper
Gerald Karp
P .K. Gupta
2009
2007
2003
The cell :A Molecular
Approach
5th Edition
Cell & molecular biology
5th Edition
Cell & molecular biology
2nd Edition
CELL THEORY
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24. 24
THANKING
YOU