Middle leaders play a central role in developing the learning experience for pupils by monitoring the quality of colleagues' work. However, middle leaders often feel torn between their loyalty to their department and wider responsibilities to the whole school. Effective middle leaders are passionate, focus on pupil progress, model best practices, and engage in dialogue to address variations in performance. Quality assurance measures, like lesson observations and moderation of student work, are important but some debate exists around whether they are a management or leadership function.