The document discusses urbanization and its causes and processes. It defines urbanization as the increasing percentage of a population living in cities and suburbs. The main causes of urbanization discussed are natural population growth, internal migration from rural to urban areas, and international migration. The processes of urbanization include a rise in the urban population numbers and percentage, more urban centers, socioeconomic changes, and urban land expansion. Levels of urbanization and their indicators like infrastructure, health, literacy rates and female labor participation in various countries are also examined.

1. Rashid A. Faridi
Associate Professor
Department of Geography
AMU, Aligarh

2. Out Line
Introduction
Causes of Urbanization
Process of Urbanization
Level of urbanization
Conclusions

3. Urbanization is the process
where an increasing percentage
of a population lives in cities and
suburbs.
Urbanization can be defined
as the rapid and massive
growth of, and migration to,
cities.
Urbanization is closely linked to
modernization, industrialization,
and the sociological process of
rationalization.
Urba
nizati
on
Introduction

4. Introduction
q Urbanization is the process where an
increasing percentage of a population lives in
cities and suburbs.
q Urbanization can be defined as the rapid and
massive growth of, and migration to, cities.
U r b a n i z a t i o n i s c l o s e l y l i n k e d t o
modernization, industrialization, and the
sociological process of rationalization.

5. Introduction
q Rapid economic growth , which occurred
in many countries was accompanied by
population growth and increased
urbanization.
q There has been a massive migration of the
population from rural to urban areas, as
well as immigration of foreign labour

7. Causes of Urbanization
Natural
Growth
International
Migration
Internal
Migration

8. Population growth rate world
2005-2010
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/
Population_growth_rate_world_2005-2010_UN.PNG

10. International Migration
— A massive inflow of foreign workers in each
country competing with the others to
attract Skilled Workers.

13. The growth in the number of people living in
urban areas
The growth in the proportion of people living in
urban areas. (percentage)
The increase in number of urban centers.
The socio-economic progress involving change in
urban life.
Physical expansion of urban land use

14. Process of Urbanization
Ø The process is often linked to........
Ø industrialization and modernization(as
large numbers of people leave farms to work and live
in cities).
Ø Rural-urban migration (today, more than
85% population lives in cities in GCC countries).

15. Process of Urbanization
Ø The process of urbanization has been
defined as......
Ø the process of society’s transformation
(from predominantly rural to predominantly urban
population).
Ø This means an increase in percentage
of population in urban settlement and
changing Social and economic
structure of the society.

17. Infrastructural Development
Health Facilities
Literacy Rate
Female participation in Labor
Force

18. Infrastructural
Development

19. Health Facilities

20. Literacy Rate

21. Literacy Rates in GCC Countries
— Education in GCC countries is on top priority. Hence
all the member countries are among the high literacy
rate countries in the world.
Countries Year Literacy Rates
Bahrain 2009 91%
Kuwait 2008 94%
Qatar 2009 95%
Oman 2008 87%
Saudi Arabia 2009 86%
UAE 2005 90%
India 2006 63%

22. Female participation
in Labor Force

24. Levels of Urbanization(% of Urban Population in the
Total)
Monaco 100
Singapore 100
Belgium 97
Kuwait 98
Qatar 93
Bahrain 93
Israel 92
Saudi Arabia 87
United Arab Emirates 87
Oman 77
France 76
Switzerland 67
China 37
Pakistan 33
India 28
World average: 56.2
Source: http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_urb-people-urbanization

25. Urban population (% of total)
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS/countries?display=map

27. process of urbanization includes:
• The growth in the number of people living in urban
areas.
• The growth in the proportion of people living in
urban areas. (percentage)
• The increase in number of urban centers.
• The socio-economic progress involving change in
urban life.
• Physical expansion of urban land use.