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1. The FThe Frenchrench RRevolutionevolution
1
Hussain Haafiz
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2. The French revolution was a violent liberal
movement against the conservative French
monarchy. Its aims evolved over a decade.

4. “
FRENCH REVOLUTIONFRENCH REVOLUTION
The French Revolution was a time of great turmoil in French
history, During the French Revolution, the previous absolute
monarchy and the entire social three estate system was
overthrown.
People in the third estate were especially tired of being treated
like this, and wanted radical changes right away,
Louis XVI was the first king to come into power at the start of the
revolution. He was very weak and indecisive ruler, which was
terrible for the country at the point. He also had a wife, Marie
Antoinette from Austria, who was obsessed with spending
money. Together, they put the country into debt with over 2
billion livres.
Overview of

5. “
Despite national lack of food, they always ate immense
amount, and spent money which even didn’t belong to them, but to
the country. This put the country into a worse state, and eventually,
both Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were executed.
The Third Estate - They wanted more respect and actual say
in the Government. They were given a tithe for their crops, which
caused them starvation and malnutrition. They had the most
trouble paying for bread, while others feasted away.
Finally, they began violent revolts. After Louis XVI’s
execution, a ruler named Robespierre came into power. He was a
terrible ruler, who killed thousands of men by the guillotine. There
weren’t fair trails, and anyone suspected was killed.
Overview of
FRENCH REVOLUTIONFRENCH REVOLUTION

6. “
Finally, he was arrested and overthrown, one year later, and the
new constitution, with much newer ideas that gave people
unalienable rights, was issued.
After many reforms, and new enlightened ideas, the
Revolution was over.
Clearly, with all of these new reforms, the estate had gotten
exactly what they wanted and succeeded in the Revolution.
After this ten years of upheaval and turmoil, the new modern
France was finally formed.
Overview of
FRENCH REVOLUTIONFRENCH REVOLUTION

7. Causes of the French RevolutionCauses of the French Revolution

8. Absolute Monarchy
Corrupt Leadership & Government debt
Unfair land distribution & unfair tax code
Rigid social class structure & privileges of the
estates
Spread of Enlightenment ideas
Poor harvest & Inflation
Failure of Luis XVI to accept reforms
Formation of National Assembly
Storming of the Bastille
Causes of the French RevolutionCauses of the French Revolution

9.  Causes of French RevolutionCauses of French Revolution
 Absolute Monarchy (Monarchism)
•Monarchical form of Government in Which the Monarch
has absolute Power.
Corrupt Leadership & Government Debt
• The king (Louis XVI) lavished money
on himself and residences like Versailles
• Queen Marie Antoinette was seen as a
wasteful spender….
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10. • Government found its funds depleted.
• Privileged classes would not submit to
being taxed.
Causes of French Revolution

11. Unfair Land Distribution & Unfair Tax Code
• Third Estate was the poor people and they had to pay
all the taxes with absolutely no land Also, they sells off
church lands
Causes of French Revolution

12.  Rigid Social Class Structure & Privileges of the
first and second estate
•First Estate »
•Second Estate »
•Third Estate »
Causes of French Revolution
Clergy
Nobility
The rest of society

13. Estate Population Privileges Exemptions Burdens
First •Circa
130,000
•High-ranking
clergy
•Collected the tithe
•Censorship of the press
•Control of education
•Kept records of births,
deaths, marriages, etc.
•Catholic faith held honored
position of being the state
religion (practiced by
monarch and nobility)
•Owned 20% of the land
Paid no taxes
•Moral obligation (rather than
legal obligation) to assist the
poor and needy
•Support the monarchy and Old
Regime
•Subject to
Church law
rather than civil
law.
Second •Circa
110,000
•Nobles
•Collected taxes in the form
of feudal dues
•Monopolized military and
state appointments
•Owned 20% of the land
•Paid no taxes •Support the monarchy and Old
Regime
Third •Circa
25,000,000
•Everyone else:
artisans,
bourgeoisie,
city workers,
merchants,
peasants, etc.,
along with
many parish
priests
•None
•None
•Paid all taxes
•Tithe (Church tax)
•Octrot (tax on goods brought
into cities)
•Corvée (forced road work)
•Capitation (poll tax)
•Vingtiéme (income tax)
•Gabelle (salt tax)
•Taille (land tax)
•Feudal dues for use of local
manor’s winepress, oven, etc.
Estates Contribution

14.  Spread of Enlightenment ideas
• Scientists during the Renaissance had discovered laws that
govern the natural world.
• Intellectuals – philosophes – began to ask if natural laws might
also apply to human beings.
– Particularly to human institutions such as governments
– They used reason and logic to determine how governments are
formed
o Tried to figure out what logical, rational principles work to tie
people to their governments.
– Questioned the divine right of kings.
Causes of French Revolution

15.  Poor Harvest & Inflation
•As in many other revolutions, food shortages,
high price and hunger formed a volatile social
backdrop to the French revolution. As members
of Third estate had to spend more and more of
their income on breads.
Causes of French Revolution

16.  Failure of “Luis XVI” to Accept Reforms
•Inability to reform the grain trade – there are issues which
hurt the economy and may well have participated to the
triggering of the revolution
•Military matters were treated was ridiculous. War with
England was unnecessary, but once it had started the
French navy incompetence and the suicidal European
diplomacy made the consequences in the conflict much
worse. etc..
Causes of French Revolution

17. • Lack of free enterprises. Too many petty controls, not
enough liberty to bring capital in and out of the country
meant that traders and industrialists did not invest as
much as they could have and the French ones had more
incentives to pursue a lordship than an economic career.
Causes of French Revolution

18.  Formation of National Assembly
• Representative government did not mean democracy
or “mob rule”
• Tennis Court Oath was formed due to the disagreement
of the 3’rd Estate and the Monarch.
• Louis XVI did not actually want a written constitution
• When news of his plan to use military force against the
National Assembly reached Paris on July 14, 1789,
people stormed the Bastille.
Causes of French Revolution

19. Causes of French Revolution
Storming of the Bastille
• Events of the night of July 13, 1789
• Reasons for the attack on the Bastille the next morning
• The stubbornness of the governor of the fortress
• Celebrations on the night of July 14th
• Sparks tremendous popular revolution all over France
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20. ► Main Events in French RevolutionMain Events in French Revolution
or Time lineor Time line

21. 21
► Main Events in French Revolution or Time lineMain Events in French Revolution or Time line
Call of the Estates Generals - May 1789Call of the Estates Generals - May 1789
King Louis XVI calls forth the Estates General Together
for the first time in a long time. Featuring the estates.
Tennis Court Oath – June 1789Tennis Court Oath – June 1789
After being removed from the Estates General, the
Third Estate forms the National Assembly. Then they
swear to the Tennis Court saying that they will not leave
until the constitution was formed.

22. *Call of the Estates Generals - May 1789*Call of the Estates Generals - May 1789
*Tennis Court Oath – June 1789*Tennis Court Oath – June 1789

23. Storming of the Bastille – July 1789
Declaration of the Rights of Man – August 1789
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Angry Revolutionaries storm the Bastille. By doing this, not only
does it make a statement against the monarchy but the mob
also attained weapons and gunpowder that were kept in the
prison.
The declaration of Rights of Man is written and states that all
men are equal under law. Woman and children were not
affected by this document.
► Main Events in French Revolution or Time lineMain Events in French Revolution or Time line

24. *Storming of the Bastille – July 1789
* Declaration of the Rights of Man – August 1789

25. March on Versailles – October 1789
Civil constitution of the clergy – July 1790
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The civil constitution of clergy is published allowing the French
government control of the church. Due to badly needed money,
the government starts to sell church land
Parisian market woman lead a march on Versailles to protest
about scarcity and high price of bread
► Main Events in French Revolution or Time lineMain Events in French Revolution or Time line

26. *March on Versailles – October 1789
*Civil constitution of the clergy – July 1790

27. Royal family attempts to flee – June 1791
Execution of the king - 1793
27
King Louis XVI and his family attempts to flee from France but
are caught at Verannes. They are sent back to Paris where the
King is forced to go on trial.
After been put on trial the king is sentenced to death. He is
executed by the guillotine on January 21, 1793.
► Main Events in French Revolution or Time lineMain Events in French Revolution or Time line

28. *Royal family attempts to flee – June 1791
*Execution of the king - 1793

29. Reign of Terror – September 1793 to July 1794
Execution of Robespierre – July 1794
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Thousands of Peoples are sentenced to death by execution that
is caused by conflict between two political parties the Jacobins,
and the Girondins. The leader of the Jacobins, Maximilien
Robespierre arises as a new leader of the Revolution
Maximilien Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, is executed and
the power of the Jacobins fall with him. In his time he had more
than 15000 people executed at the guillotine. The Girondins
gain more power as a result.
► Main Events in French Revolution or Time lineMain Events in French Revolution or Time line

30. *Reign of Terror – September 1793 to July 1794
*Execution of Robespierre – July 1794

31. The Thermidorian reaction and the Directory - 1795
Napoleon Bonaparte - 1799
To control executive responsibilities and appointments, a group
known as Directory was formed. The directory’s abused of
power soon came on rival that of any of the tyrannous
revolutionaries France has faced.
He was a success military commander. He arrived in time to
lead a coup against the Directory, eventually stepping up and
naming himself “first consul” the leader of France. With
Napoleon at the helm, the revolution ended. France entered
fifteen-year period of military rule.
► Main Events in French Revolution or Time lineMain Events in French Revolution or Time line

32. *The Thermidorian reaction and the Directory –
1995
*Napoleon Bonaparte - 1799

33. Quick Summary of FrenchQuick Summary of French
RevolutionRevolution

34. 34
In history major changes take place often. One example of a
major change was the French Revolution. The French Revolution
occurred in France during the late 1700’s. The French people wanted to
replace their Absolute government with a democracy. The ideas of the
Enlightenment encouraged members of the 3rd Estate to revolt against
Louis XVI.
Revolution is change. The French Revolution is an example of
change. There were many causes that led to the Revolution. One cause
was the 3rd Estate wanted freedom. The 3rd Estate had a meeting to
declare their equality within the French government. They produced a
document know as the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Another cause
of the Revolution was the need to lower the tax burden on the 3rd
Estate.
Summary of French RevolutionSummary of French Revolution

35. The 3rd Estate paid most of the taxes in France. A third cause of
the Revolution was people wanted to have a democracy. In order to
achieve this democracy the French people felt they had to execute
Louis XVI by guillotine.
There were many effects from the French Revolution. One
immediate effect was instead of getting a democracy Napoleon
took control of France. Napoleon was a dictator. However, over time
France becomes a democracy. Today France is a democracy.
Change occurred throughout history. Revolutions are examples
of change. The French Revolution was a major change in history.
After the French Revolution people throughout Europe and South
America were inspired to fight for democracy and freedom.
Summary of French RevolutionSummary of French Revolution
The End

36. Thank You
36
Thank you for Your
Attention
• http://www.wikipedia.org
• http://www.alphahistory.com
• http://www.history.com
• http://www.britannica.com
• http://www.chnm.gmu.edu
• http://www.newadvent.org
• http://www.sparknotes.com
• References;