The document discusses the causes of conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamil ethnic groups in Sri Lanka. It identifies four main reasons for tensions: 1) citizenship rights for Indian Tamils which excluded some from citizenship; 2) the "Sinhala Only" language policy which made Sinhala the official language; 3) biased university admission criteria favoring Sinhalese students; and 4) government resettlement policies that moved Sinhalese populations into predominantly Tamil areas, disrupting the Tamil claims to certain territories. Each of these factors marginalized the Tamil population and contributed to the escalation of ethnic conflict over time in Sri Lanka.
The Sri Lankan Civil War was a war fought in the island of Sri Lanka. It started on 23 July 1983. There was a revolt against the government by the terrorist organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (also called the Tamil Tigers). They are a separatist militant organisation which fought to create an independent state for Tamil people called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island.
The war lasted for 26 years. The Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009.
Chapter 4 - Causes of Sri Lanka ConflictGoh Bang Rui
Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
These slides are used to explain the causes of Sri Lanka conflict in the Social Studies syllabus in Singapore. There are 4 causes of conflict leading up to the rise of the Tamil Tiger or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Find out more in these slides.
Any feedback is welcome.
Chapter 4 - Consequences of Sri Lanka conflictGoh Bang Rui
Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
These slides are used to illustrate the consequences of Sri Lanka conflict between the Tamils and the Sinhalese. One of the consequences is the rise of the Tamil youths which organised themselves and form the infamous Tamil Tigers or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Any feedback is welcome. Thank you for viewing.
The Sri Lankan Civil War was a war fought in the island of Sri Lanka. It started on 23 July 1983. There was a revolt against the government by the terrorist organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (also called the Tamil Tigers). They are a separatist militant organisation which fought to create an independent state for Tamil people called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island.
The war lasted for 26 years. The Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009.
Chapter 4 - Causes of Sri Lanka ConflictGoh Bang Rui
Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
These slides are used to explain the causes of Sri Lanka conflict in the Social Studies syllabus in Singapore. There are 4 causes of conflict leading up to the rise of the Tamil Tiger or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Find out more in these slides.
Any feedback is welcome.
Chapter 4 - Consequences of Sri Lanka conflictGoh Bang Rui
Follow me on slideshare.
http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui
These slides are used to illustrate the consequences of Sri Lanka conflict between the Tamils and the Sinhalese. One of the consequences is the rise of the Tamil youths which organised themselves and form the infamous Tamil Tigers or Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Any feedback is welcome. Thank you for viewing.
Lesson 2 of 4
In this lesson, we came to terms with the horrific consequences of the conflict in Sri Lanka. Having considered the political consequences of armed conflict and foreign intervention, we then studied how clash between the LTTE and the army led to great economic and social devastation on the beautiful island of Sri Lanka.
Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Lesson 1 of 4
In this lesson, we were introduced to the occurrence of conflict within mutli-ethnic societies in many parts of the world. We then studied the history of Sri Lanka to get some idea of the events that led up to the decades-long civil war that would ravage the country in the years to come.
History Chapter 7 Part 1- Life after the World War IIGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce the first part of Lower Secondary History Chapter 7: Life after World War II to the Secondary 2 students who are studying for the Singapore syllabus.
These slides are the first of the series of slides for Chapter 7: Life after World War II.
1. Post-war Living Conditions after World War II
2. Maria Hertogh and Anti-National Service Riots
3. The Rendel Constitution and 1955 Elections
Any feedback is welcome.
The presentation is about the policy fro the Rohingya refugee crisis. It provides some recommendation to resolve this prolonged crisis that has been disrupting the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Myanmar.
History - Chapter 6- How Did World War II affect Singapore?Goh Bang Rui
These are the slides used to teach the new syllabus for Secondary 2 History for both Express and Normal Academic Stream on how World War 2 (WWII) affect Singapore.
Canada is known as being diverse, very progressive and multicultural. Although the Canadian, until the year of 1940s were just considered in terms of French and English language, cultural and political identities as well as to some extent also aboriginal. Ukrainian and German Canadians ethnicity were suspects at the time of First World War, as they were initially enemy states citizens. There was an issue about Anti-semitism in Quebec, Jewish Canadian were believe that Quebec Catholic Church connected Jews with liberalism, radicalism and several other objectionable values on their according (PALMER, 2012). While the United States black ex-slave refugees were tolerated, Asian or African racial minorities were usually believed “beyond the pastel” by missing a morality sense. The mood started shifting dramatically at the duration of Second World War. Nonetheless, the Japanese Canadians were jailed in war as well as their properties were also confiscated. Earlier to the Canadian Multiculturalism advent in Canada, in the context of equal acceptance of religions, races and cultures was accepted as the Canadian government official policy in the 1970s and 1980s, in the prime ministership of Pierre Elliot Trudeau (Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 2012). The government of Canada has been described the multiculturalism instigator as a philosophy, for the reason its public concentrates on social importance of immigration rights in 1960 plus its successor in 1982 the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom. The Canadian laws did not give much in the path of civil rights as well as it was generally a concern of courts. From the period of 1960s the Canadian has placed prominence on inclusiveness and equality for all people.
Lesson 2 of 4
In this lesson, we came to terms with the horrific consequences of the conflict in Sri Lanka. Having considered the political consequences of armed conflict and foreign intervention, we then studied how clash between the LTTE and the army led to great economic and social devastation on the beautiful island of Sri Lanka.
Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Lesson 1 of 4
In this lesson, we were introduced to the occurrence of conflict within mutli-ethnic societies in many parts of the world. We then studied the history of Sri Lanka to get some idea of the events that led up to the decades-long civil war that would ravage the country in the years to come.
History Chapter 7 Part 1- Life after the World War IIGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce the first part of Lower Secondary History Chapter 7: Life after World War II to the Secondary 2 students who are studying for the Singapore syllabus.
These slides are the first of the series of slides for Chapter 7: Life after World War II.
1. Post-war Living Conditions after World War II
2. Maria Hertogh and Anti-National Service Riots
3. The Rendel Constitution and 1955 Elections
Any feedback is welcome.
The presentation is about the policy fro the Rohingya refugee crisis. It provides some recommendation to resolve this prolonged crisis that has been disrupting the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Myanmar.
History - Chapter 6- How Did World War II affect Singapore?Goh Bang Rui
These are the slides used to teach the new syllabus for Secondary 2 History for both Express and Normal Academic Stream on how World War 2 (WWII) affect Singapore.
Canada is known as being diverse, very progressive and multicultural. Although the Canadian, until the year of 1940s were just considered in terms of French and English language, cultural and political identities as well as to some extent also aboriginal. Ukrainian and German Canadians ethnicity were suspects at the time of First World War, as they were initially enemy states citizens. There was an issue about Anti-semitism in Quebec, Jewish Canadian were believe that Quebec Catholic Church connected Jews with liberalism, radicalism and several other objectionable values on their according (PALMER, 2012). While the United States black ex-slave refugees were tolerated, Asian or African racial minorities were usually believed “beyond the pastel” by missing a morality sense. The mood started shifting dramatically at the duration of Second World War. Nonetheless, the Japanese Canadians were jailed in war as well as their properties were also confiscated. Earlier to the Canadian Multiculturalism advent in Canada, in the context of equal acceptance of religions, races and cultures was accepted as the Canadian government official policy in the 1970s and 1980s, in the prime ministership of Pierre Elliot Trudeau (Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 2012). The government of Canada has been described the multiculturalism instigator as a philosophy, for the reason its public concentrates on social importance of immigration rights in 1960 plus its successor in 1982 the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom. The Canadian laws did not give much in the path of civil rights as well as it was generally a concern of courts. From the period of 1960s the Canadian has placed prominence on inclusiveness and equality for all people.
Trauma Theory and Its Implications in Humanities and Social SciencesKhan Touseef Osman
The powerpoint presentation of my paper titled "Trauma Theory and Its Implications in Humanities and Social Sciences". I would like to have your feedbacks at shourabh.pothobashi@gmail.com. Thank you.
The nation should always be united .
nation should be ur first priority.
here in this form it will sow how the integration of the nation can be done has been created in the form of a presentation
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15. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
• Known as Ceylon before 1972
• Sri Lanka means ‘beautiful
island’ in Sinhala
16. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
• Known as Ceylon before 1972
• Sri Lanka means ‘beautiful
island’ in Sinhala
• Formerly a British colony,
who had governed Ceylon as
two separate nations
17. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
• Known as Ceylon before 1972
• Sri Lanka means ‘beautiful
island’ in Sinhala
• Formerly a British colony,
who had governed Ceylon as
two separate nations
20. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
We are Sinhalese. Our
ancestors are natives
of this country. Most
of us are Buddhists,
and we speak Sinhala.
21. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
We are Sinhalese. Our
ancestors are natives
of this country. Most
of us are Buddhists,
and we speak Sinhala.
22. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
We are Sinhalese. Our
ancestors are natives
of this country. Most
of us are Buddhists,
and we speak Sinhala.
We are Sri Lankan
Tamils. Our ancestors
have been living in Sri
Lanka since a loooong
time ago. We are Hindu
and we speak Tamil!
23. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
We are Sinhalese. Our
ancestors are natives
of this country. Most
of us are Buddhists,
and we speak Sinhala.
We are Sri Lankan
Tamils. Our ancestors
have been living in Sri
Lanka since a loooong
time ago. We are Hindu
and we speak Tamil!
24. Quick Introduction to Sri Lanka
I am an Indian Tamil. My
We are Sinhalese. Our ancestors were brought here
ancestors are natives by the British during colonial
of this country. Most times. My religion is Hindu
of us are Buddhists, and I speak Tamil too!
and we speak Sinhala.
We are Sri Lankan
Tamils. Our ancestors
have been living in Sri
Lanka since a loooong
time ago. We are Hindu
and we speak Tamil!
34. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Ceylon Citizenship Act, 1948
• Citizenship only given to those born in Sri
Lanka or those whose forefathers were born
there
35. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Ceylon Citizenship Act, 1948
• Citizenship only given to those born in Sri
Lanka or those whose forefathers were born
there
• This meant that many Indian Tamils became
stateless, even though they had lived in Sri
Lanka for many years and contributed to the
economy
40. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Negotiations with India, 1964
• Some Indian Tamils to return to India
41. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Negotiations with India, 1964
• Some Indian Tamils to return to India
• The rest to be granted citizenship
42. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Negotiations with India, 1964
• Some Indian Tamils to return to India
• The rest to be granted citizenship
• BUT: interrupted by ethnic violence
44. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Grant of Citizenship to Persons of Indian
Origin Bill, 2003
45. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Grant of Citizenship to Persons of Indian
Origin Bill, 2003
• The bill gave citizenship to any person of Indian
origin, who had lived in Sri Lanka since 1964 or
descended from someone who had done so
46. Reason 1: Citizenship Rights
• Grant of Citizenship to Persons of Indian
Origin Bill, 2003
• The bill gave citizenship to any person of Indian
origin, who had lived in Sri Lanka since 1964 or
descended from someone who had done so
• Ended the issue of citizenship rights as an area of
discontent for the Tamils
48. Reason 2: ‘Sinhala Only’ Policy
What was the Official Language Act, 1956
policy?
49. Reason 2: ‘Sinhala Only’ Policy
What was the Official Language Act, 1956
policy?
What was it
about?
50. Reason 2: ‘Sinhala Only’ Policy
What was the Official Language Act, 1956
policy?
1. Changed official language from English to
What was it Sinhala
about?
2. Tamils in government service given three
years to learn Sinhala or be dismissed
51. Reason 2: ‘Sinhala Only’ Policy
What was the Official Language Act, 1956
policy?
1. Changed official language from English to
What was it Sinhala
about?
2. Tamils in government service given three
years to learn Sinhala or be dismissed
What did it
result in?
(Impact)
52. Reason 2: ‘Sinhala Only’ Policy
What was the Official Language Act, 1956
policy?
1. Changed official language from English to
What was it Sinhala
about?
2. Tamils in government service given three
years to learn Sinhala or be dismissed
What did it The policy upset many Tamils, who organized a
peaceful demonstration against the policy.
result in?
However, the peaceful demonstration turned into
(Impact) violent riots when it was disrupted by supporters
of the Sinhala language
54. Reason 2: ‘Sinhala Only’ Policy
In 1957, Tamil was made the language of a
national minority and allowed to be used as a
How was the language of administration, but only in Northern
problem and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka, where most
resolved? Tamils lived.
Today, the Tamil language has been declared as a
national language, as well as an official language.
57. Reason 3: Biased University
Admission Criteria
• Before 1970, university admission was based
on merit and the examinations were in English
58. Reason 3: Biased University
Admission Criteria
• Before 1970, university admission was based
on merit and the examinations were in English
• Benefitted the English-educated Tamils
59. Reason 3: Biased University
Admission Criteria
• Before 1970, university admission was based
on merit and the examinations were in English
• Benefitted the English-educated Tamils
• The proportion of Tamils admitted to university
was significantly higher than their proportion in the
population
61. Reason 3: Biased University
Admission Criteria
• New university admission criteria introduced in
1970
62. Reason 3: Biased University
Admission Criteria
• New university admission criteria introduced in
1970
• Fixed number of places reserved for the Sinhalese
63. Reason 3: Biased University
Admission Criteria
• New university admission criteria introduced in
1970
• Fixed number of places reserved for the Sinhalese
• Tamils had to score higher marks than Sinhalese to
enter the same courses
66. We Tamils are not given equal
opportunities to enter
universities!!!
An angry Tamil man
67. We Tamils are not given equal
opportunities to enter
universities!!!
I am sure this is a way by the
Sinhalese to block Tamils from
moving up the social ladder!!!
An angry Tamil man
70. Reason 4: Resettlement Policies
• Resettlement of poor Sinhalese peasants in the
1950s
• The government wanted to provide land for poor
Sinhalese peasants to cultivate padi
71. Reason 4: Resettlement Policies
• Resettlement of poor Sinhalese peasants in the
1950s
• The government wanted to provide land for poor
Sinhalese peasants to cultivate padi
• Transferred Sinhalese people from Southwestern
and Central areas to Tamil areas
72. Reason 4: Resettlement Policies
• Resettlement of poor Sinhalese peasants in the
1950s
• The government wanted to provide land for poor
Sinhalese peasants to cultivate padi
• Transferred Sinhalese people from Southwestern
and Central areas to Tamil areas
•Together came Buddhist monks and Sri Lankan
Army
76. Reason 4: Resettlement Policies
Sri Lanka is a
free country!
Obviously we can
move anywhere we
want to!
View of a Sinhalese
Textbook, p. 97
77. Reason 4: Resettlement Policies
Sri Lanka is a
free country!
Obviously we can
move anywhere we
want to!
View of a Sinhalese
View of a Tamil
Textbook, p. 97
78. Reason 4: Resettlement Policies
Sri Lanka is a
free country!
Obviously we can
move anywhere we
want to!
View of a Sinhalese
But
you are moving
into OUR territory
and depriving us of
OUR land!
View of a Tamil
Textbook, p. 97