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Chapter 4: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Today’s agenda: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
In 1948, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) enjoyed the highest literacy rate in Asia. It did not have the problem of over-population; its educational and transportation systems were advanced. For some years, Ceylon was a model for the world. But, today, it is an island known for its problems, and its reputation as a killing field only matched by that of countries such as Rwanda. Adapted from a comment by an editor of a Tamil newspaper in 2003.
Watch this news clip: ‘The Casualties of Sri Lanka’s Conflict’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why the conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka?
[object Object]
 
8% 9.4% 81.9% % of Popn. Tamil and Sinhala,  Islam Mainly coastal port cities Moors Tamil Hinduism Largest group in Jaffna & Batticaloa, Large minorities in other northern and eastern districts. Tamil Sinhala Buddhism Majority everywhere, except Jaffna and Batticaloa Sinhalese Language Religion Living Area Race
Discussion: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The people ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],1.  Citizenship Rights 2. ‘Sinhala-Only’ Policy 3.  University Admission 4.  Resettlement of Population Reasons for Sinhalese -Tamil Conflict
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. Citizenship Rights
What was done: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By the 1980s, this agreement was not fulfilled and many Indian Tamils remained stateless Indian Tamils felt neglected and upset
Resolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. 'Sinhala-Only' Policy
[object Object],Changes made after Sri Lanka gained independence from the British ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Result of the policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],What happened after the riot over the Official language Act ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1978 1987 Tamil accepted as an official language.
[object Object],3. UNIVERSITY ADMISSION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. University Admission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Minimum marks for university admission, 1971 183 204 Sinhalese Tamils Physical sciences 175 181 Sinhalese Tamils Bio-science 229 250 Sinhalese Tamils Medicine and Dentistry 227 250 Sinhalese Tamils Engineering 187 170 Sinhalese Tamils Arts Minimum marks Students Course
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],4. Resettlement of Population ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],CHECKPOINT There are 4 reasons for the conflict in Sri Lanka: 1948:  Citizenship Rights —over 1 million Tamils made ‘stateless’ 1950: Government-sponsored  resettlement  of Sinhalese in Tamil areas began 1956:  ‘Sinhala Only’  policy was introduced 1972: Government  restricted Tamils’ admission into university  by raising admission criteria
[object Object],Consequences of the Sinhalese-Tamil Conflict Political Economic Social ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],1. Armed Conflict ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?
[object Object],Tamil United Liberation Front ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],ARMED CONFLICT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],2. Unemployment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. Loss of Investments from other countries
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Fall in Number of Tourists
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? 5. Foreign Intervention
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
6. Sri Lankan Tamils driven out of their Homeland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
6. Sri Lankan Tamils driven out of their Homeland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Overview of Lesson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Causes of conflict in Northern Ireland ,[object Object],[object Object]
Diagrammatic representation of United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
Map of Northern Ireland and the UK Part of the United Kingdom Independent
Facts on Northern Ireland
Background: Origins of the conflict ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background: Origins of the conflict
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background: Origins of the conflict
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background: Origins of the conflict
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],People of Northern Ireland
[object Object],Government in Northern Ireland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Causes for the Conflict between the Protestants and the Catholics Divided Loyalties The Education System Employment Housing Voting Rights
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. Divided Loyalties
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What about the Catholics?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? 2. The Education System
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. Employment
Unemployment rate by religion and sex in 2002 to 2003, Northern Ireland
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Housing
A 1989 study on the housing situation in Northern Ireland by a government body that promotes understanding and awareness of the importance of human rights in Northern Ireland
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? 5. Voting
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],The Troubles – From Peace to Violence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Violence
[object Object],Involvement of  Irish Republican Army (IRA) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Effects of Protestants–Catholic Conflict  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conclusion

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Chapter 4 Ethnic Conflict

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. In 1948, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) enjoyed the highest literacy rate in Asia. It did not have the problem of over-population; its educational and transportation systems were advanced. For some years, Ceylon was a model for the world. But, today, it is an island known for its problems, and its reputation as a killing field only matched by that of countries such as Rwanda. Adapted from a comment by an editor of a Tamil newspaper in 2003.
  • 4.
  • 5. Why the conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka?
  • 6.
  • 7.  
  • 8. 8% 9.4% 81.9% % of Popn. Tamil and Sinhala, Islam Mainly coastal port cities Moors Tamil Hinduism Largest group in Jaffna & Batticaloa, Large minorities in other northern and eastern districts. Tamil Sinhala Buddhism Majority everywhere, except Jaffna and Batticaloa Sinhalese Language Religion Living Area Race
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Minimum marks for university admission, 1971 183 204 Sinhalese Tamils Physical sciences 175 181 Sinhalese Tamils Bio-science 229 250 Sinhalese Tamils Medicine and Dentistry 227 250 Sinhalese Tamils Engineering 187 170 Sinhalese Tamils Arts Minimum marks Students Course
  • 23.  
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41. Diagrammatic representation of United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
  • 42. Map of Northern Ireland and the UK Part of the United Kingdom Independent
  • 43. Facts on Northern Ireland
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57. Unemployment rate by religion and sex in 2002 to 2003, Northern Ireland
  • 58.
  • 59. A 1989 study on the housing situation in Northern Ireland by a government body that promotes understanding and awareness of the importance of human rights in Northern Ireland
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.

Editor's Notes

  1. 305 20/3