The document summarizes the history and current state of feminism in India. It describes 3 phases of Indian feminism from British colonization to the present day, addressing issues like the caste system, women's roles, and women's organizations. It also discusses contemporary women's issues such as poverty, sex-selective abortions, sex trafficking, and critiques of the feminist movement in India. While Indian feminism has made progress in education, healthcare and legal rights, women still face challenges from patriarchal traditions and lack of opportunities.
This document discusses the hijra community in Pakistan. It explains that hijras have historically served as servants in Mughal courts but now live as social outcasts. Hijras live in groups led by a guru and earn income by performing at events like births and weddings. However, hijras face extreme discrimination and lack of access to education, employment, healthcare and other rights. Recently some legal protections and recognition have been granted, but overall hijras remain marginalized in Pakistani society.
Status of transgender in india by sameer kumar jenasameer kumar
Â
Transgender is an umbrella term to describe people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from that usually associated with their birth sex. Many transgender people live part âtime or full-time as members of the other gender.
This document outlines various laws in India related to protecting women's rights and preventing violence against women. It discusses constitutional provisions and specific laws around issues like female foeticide, honor killings, domestic violence, sati, witch killings, obscenity, rape, and human trafficking/prostitution. Some key laws mentioned include the Domestic Violence Act of 2005, sections of the Indian Penal Code related to dowry deaths and cruelty towards women, the Immoral Trafficking Act of 1986, and the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act of 1994 which aims to prevent sex-selective abortions.
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a prominent Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who campaigned against social discrimination of Dalits and founded the Indian Constitution. He faced discrimination and social exclusion throughout his life as an untouchable. As India's first Law Minister, he introduced the Hindu Code Bill to reform Hindu law and promote gender equality, and was the principal architect of the Indian Constitution.
This document summarizes key aspects of Black feminist thought and its development. It discusses [1] early voices that advocated for women's rights like Sojourner Truth and Maria Stewart, [2] the intersecting oppressions Black women face around race, class and gender, and [3] how Black feminist intellectuals have worked to develop Black feminist thought through discovering and reinterpreting works by Black women.
Development induced displacement often forcibly relocates millions of people worldwide each year for large-scale projects like dams, airports, and infrastructure. This causes profound social and economic disruption as communities are broken up and livelihoods lost. A case study examines the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in India, which will displace over 100,000 people from 245 villages. Another case study looks at the Cochin International Airport in Kerala, which acquired over 1,200 acres of land and displaced 872 households, mainly from scheduled castes. The displaced communities suffered negative impacts like loss of land, livelihoods, and income, as well as food insecurity and homelessness.
The anti-arrack movement in Andhra Pradesh originated in 1992 as a spontaneous movement against the consumption of arrack, a cheap liquor that was causing social issues. Rural women who suffered domestic violence due to their husbands' drinking decided to organize against the production and sale of arrack. They destroyed distilling equipment and pressured local authorities to arrest producers and seize ration cards. This grew into a larger movement that led the government to ban arrack and impose prohibition, aiming to empower women and reduce social issues stemming from alcohol abuse.
The document summarizes the history and current state of feminism in India. It describes 3 phases of Indian feminism from British colonization to the present day, addressing issues like the caste system, women's roles, and women's organizations. It also discusses contemporary women's issues such as poverty, sex-selective abortions, sex trafficking, and critiques of the feminist movement in India. While Indian feminism has made progress in education, healthcare and legal rights, women still face challenges from patriarchal traditions and lack of opportunities.
This document discusses the hijra community in Pakistan. It explains that hijras have historically served as servants in Mughal courts but now live as social outcasts. Hijras live in groups led by a guru and earn income by performing at events like births and weddings. However, hijras face extreme discrimination and lack of access to education, employment, healthcare and other rights. Recently some legal protections and recognition have been granted, but overall hijras remain marginalized in Pakistani society.
Status of transgender in india by sameer kumar jenasameer kumar
Â
Transgender is an umbrella term to describe people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from that usually associated with their birth sex. Many transgender people live part âtime or full-time as members of the other gender.
This document outlines various laws in India related to protecting women's rights and preventing violence against women. It discusses constitutional provisions and specific laws around issues like female foeticide, honor killings, domestic violence, sati, witch killings, obscenity, rape, and human trafficking/prostitution. Some key laws mentioned include the Domestic Violence Act of 2005, sections of the Indian Penal Code related to dowry deaths and cruelty towards women, the Immoral Trafficking Act of 1986, and the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act of 1994 which aims to prevent sex-selective abortions.
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a prominent Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who campaigned against social discrimination of Dalits and founded the Indian Constitution. He faced discrimination and social exclusion throughout his life as an untouchable. As India's first Law Minister, he introduced the Hindu Code Bill to reform Hindu law and promote gender equality, and was the principal architect of the Indian Constitution.
This document summarizes key aspects of Black feminist thought and its development. It discusses [1] early voices that advocated for women's rights like Sojourner Truth and Maria Stewart, [2] the intersecting oppressions Black women face around race, class and gender, and [3] how Black feminist intellectuals have worked to develop Black feminist thought through discovering and reinterpreting works by Black women.
Development induced displacement often forcibly relocates millions of people worldwide each year for large-scale projects like dams, airports, and infrastructure. This causes profound social and economic disruption as communities are broken up and livelihoods lost. A case study examines the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in India, which will displace over 100,000 people from 245 villages. Another case study looks at the Cochin International Airport in Kerala, which acquired over 1,200 acres of land and displaced 872 households, mainly from scheduled castes. The displaced communities suffered negative impacts like loss of land, livelihoods, and income, as well as food insecurity and homelessness.
The anti-arrack movement in Andhra Pradesh originated in 1992 as a spontaneous movement against the consumption of arrack, a cheap liquor that was causing social issues. Rural women who suffered domestic violence due to their husbands' drinking decided to organize against the production and sale of arrack. They destroyed distilling equipment and pressured local authorities to arrest producers and seize ration cards. This grew into a larger movement that led the government to ban arrack and impose prohibition, aiming to empower women and reduce social issues stemming from alcohol abuse.
The document summarizes the history and key aspects of three waves of feminism:
First wave feminism emerged in the late 19th century and focused on gaining legal rights like suffrage, education access, and property rights. It largely involved upper class white women. The second wave began in the 1960s and addressed issues like employment discrimination, reproductive rights, and cultural representations of women. It was more diverse but also divided. The third wave from the 1980s onward incorporated issues of race, sexuality and backlash while critiquing aspects of previous waves. It emphasized diversity and countercultures over direct political action alone.
Periyar E.V. Ramasamy was a Tamil politician and social activist who started the Self-Respect Movement that aimed to remove social injustices and inequality based on caste. He opposed Brahminism and the domination of Brahmins over other castes through religious principles and practices. He also led anti-Hindi movements in Tamil Nadu in the 1930s-1940s as he believed the imposition of Hindi was a tool of Brahminical domination over Tamils. Throughout his life, Periyar advocated for women's rights and against oppressive traditions like child marriage, dowry, and women's lack of inheritance rights. He saw these practices as enslaving women and fought to establish women as equals
Communal violence involves people belonging to two different religious or ethnic communities mobilized against each other and carrying the feelings of hostility, emotional fury, exploitation, social discrimination and social neglect. The high degree of cohesion in one community against another is built around tension and polarization. The targets of attack are the members of the âenemyâ community. Generally, there is no leadership in communal riots which could effectively control and contain the riot situation. It could thus be said that communal violence is based mainly on hatred, enmity and revenge.
The document summarizes several important social reform movements in India that emerged in response to liberal Western ideas in the 19th century. Key reformers included Raja Rammohan Roy, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, and Swami Vivekananda, who advocated for social and cultural changes like opposing idol worship, child marriage, caste discrimination, and promoting women's rights and education. Other notable reform movements mentioned include the Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, and movements led by figures such as Jyotirao Phule that fought against caste oppression and worked for women's empowerment. Muslim reformers like Syed Ahmed Khan also established schools
Satyagraha is a philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience developed by Gandhi. It is based on the concepts of truth, non-violence, and self-suffering. The goal is to achieve truth through non-violent means even in the face of violence or oppression. Truth is a relative concept defined as resolutions that fulfill human needs for freedom and integrity. Non-violent actions are used to test differing views of truth, and may lead to suffering being imposed on practitioners by opponents, to which practitioners refuse to retaliate and instead invite more suffering upon themselves.
The document summarizes the first wave of feminism in the 19th century, which focused mainly on gaining women's right to vote. It discusses key leaders and events like the Seneca Falls Convention led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. While the 19th Amendment granted women's suffrage in 1920, the feminist movement still faced opposition and a lack of support for women's roles outside the home during this period.
The document discusses important social reform movements in India during the 19th century that aimed to purify Indian society and create cultural consciousness. Some of the key reform movements mentioned include Brahmo Samaj (1828) founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Arya Samaj (1875) founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Ramakrishna Mission (1897) founded by Swami Vivekananda, and Prarthana Samaj (1867) founded by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang. The reform movements worked towards abolishing social evils like sati, child marriage, untouchability and promoting women's education and rights. However, some of the
The Indian Society for centuries suffered from so many social evils. The chief among them are â Caste System, Deplorable condition of women, illiteracy, Child Marriage, Idol Worship, The Sati System, Polygamy, The dowry System etc.
The document provides an overview of the history and key aspects of feminism. It discusses feminism as comprising social, cultural, and political movements for gender equality and women's rights. It outlines the three waves of western feminist movements - first wave in the late 19th century focused on suffrage, second wave from the 1960s-1980s on legal and social rights, and third wave from the 1980s-2000s on representation of women in government. Key figures and ideas that shaped each wave are also mentioned such as Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex influencing second wave feminism.
The Swadeshi Movement is an economy strategy
aimed at removing the British empire from power
and improving economics conditions in India.
5 phases of Swadeshi Movement:
- 1852 to 1904: Known as first Swadeshi Movement.
- 1905 to 1917: This phase began because of the partition of Bengal.
- 1918 to 1947: Rise of Indian industrialists.
- 1948 to 1991: Widespread curbs on international and interstate trade.
- 1991 onwards: Liberalization and Globalization and Growth of Industrialization.
Lokmanya Tilak
Role of patriarchy in the suffering of womenamnanazir11
Â
The document discusses the role of patriarchy in the suffering of women. It defines key terms like gender discrimination, patriarchy, and women's subordination. It notes that patriarchy refers to male domination in both public and private spheres. Under patriarchy, women experience subordination through issues like son preference, burden of household work, lack of education, and lack of freedom. However, modern women have gained more independence and equality compared to women in early ages and history, though patriarchal societies still exist worldwide and negatively impact women. The document concludes that while situations for women have improved over time with events like women's suffrage movements, continued efforts are still needed in some places to establish true gender equality.
A womens movement_-the_anti_arrack_movemRekha Pande
Â
The document summarizes a presentation about the anti-arrack movement in India led by women. It discusses how (1) the women's movement began as a social reform effort in the 19th century and grew in response to lack of improvement in women's status after independence, (2) the anti-arrack movement specifically targeted liquor made from molasses that was fueling alcoholism, domestic violence, and corruption, and (3) through literacy programs, protests, and roadblocks, women successfully pressured the government to ban arrack in 1993, though prohibition policies were later reversed due to economic and political pressures.
this presentation deals with the issue of political participation of women in India, need for political participation of women, steps taken by government and problems encountered by women
India has a population of over 1.17 billion people, making it the second most populous country in the world. It is also the world's largest democracy and has a diverse population with over 20 official languages and many distinct religious and cultural groups. Some key aspects of India's identity include its cultural, religious, regional and linguistic diversity as well as important national symbols and landmarks like the Taj Mahal.
This document discusses feminism and provides definitions of key terms. It explains that feminism seeks to end sexism and oppression of women. Different types of feminism are outlined, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, intersectional feminism, and postcolonial feminism. Islamic feminism is discussed as seeking rights and justice for women through an Islamic framework by questioning patriarchal interpretations of Islamic teachings. The document emphasizes that feminism takes many forms and that women experience oppression differently based on various factors.
This document discusses the struggle of Dalit women in India to gain land rights and ownership. It notes that historically, Dalits have been denied access to land and education under the Hindu social order. Today, over 260 million Dalits live in underdeveloped areas, with less than 10% having access to basic amenities. Dalit women in particular face extreme discrimination and threats of violence. They have very little control over land, which is mostly owned by dominant castes. The document calls for specific policies and legal protections to guarantee Dalit women's equal rights to land inheritance, ownership, and protection from eviction. It emphasizes the need for education, research, and advocacy efforts to empower Dalit women and address this ongoing social justice issue
Second wave feminism occurred in the 1960s-1970s and focused on improving women's rights in the workplace such as equal pay, employment opportunities, and freedom from sexual harassment. It also aimed to increase reproductive rights and challenge traditional gender roles that restricted women to domestic duties. Protests and lobbying achieved some successes like equal pay laws, but discrimination persisted and the movement continued pushing for full legal equality and choice over women's lives.
The movement for women's rights in Bangladesh developed in three phases:
1) Early reforms in the 19th century focused on issues like sati and widow remarriage. Pioneers included Begum Rokeya who established the first school for Muslim girls.
2) In the 1920s-1940s, women played active roles in nationalism and organizations were formed to promote women's issues.
3) Since independence in 1971, the movement has grown institutionally through participation in international conferences, formation of groups like Bangladesh Mahila Parishad, and government initiatives like the Women Development Board. Current issues include workplace safety, family law reforms, and challenging patriarchal norms.
SC ST (schedule caste ,Schedule Tribe)welfareRahul Mahida
Â
The document discusses the caste system and issues facing scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST) in India. It begins by explaining the origins and role of the caste system in Hinduism. It then defines SC as economically and socially backward castes treated as "untouchable", and ST as indigenous tribal groups. The document outlines many problems faced by SC and ST communities, such as poverty, lack of education, land alienation, and health issues. It also discusses constitutional protections and government programs for their welfare and upliftment.
The phenomenon of female culture in closed communitiessandhya mannala
Â
Journey of a women from ancient times to modern times. Gender socialization is the process by which individuals are taught how to socially behave in accordance with their assigned gender.
This document discusses the role of mass media in empowering women in India. It provides context on the status of women in India and some of the key issues they face including gender inequality, wage discrimination, crimes against women, underrepresentation in leadership positions, health issues, and gaps in education levels. It then discusses how alternative media like community radio and grassroots campaigns can help empower women by giving them a voice. It also summarizes some recommendations from committees on how media can positively portray women and raise awareness of women's issues.
The document summarizes the history and key aspects of three waves of feminism:
First wave feminism emerged in the late 19th century and focused on gaining legal rights like suffrage, education access, and property rights. It largely involved upper class white women. The second wave began in the 1960s and addressed issues like employment discrimination, reproductive rights, and cultural representations of women. It was more diverse but also divided. The third wave from the 1980s onward incorporated issues of race, sexuality and backlash while critiquing aspects of previous waves. It emphasized diversity and countercultures over direct political action alone.
Periyar E.V. Ramasamy was a Tamil politician and social activist who started the Self-Respect Movement that aimed to remove social injustices and inequality based on caste. He opposed Brahminism and the domination of Brahmins over other castes through religious principles and practices. He also led anti-Hindi movements in Tamil Nadu in the 1930s-1940s as he believed the imposition of Hindi was a tool of Brahminical domination over Tamils. Throughout his life, Periyar advocated for women's rights and against oppressive traditions like child marriage, dowry, and women's lack of inheritance rights. He saw these practices as enslaving women and fought to establish women as equals
Communal violence involves people belonging to two different religious or ethnic communities mobilized against each other and carrying the feelings of hostility, emotional fury, exploitation, social discrimination and social neglect. The high degree of cohesion in one community against another is built around tension and polarization. The targets of attack are the members of the âenemyâ community. Generally, there is no leadership in communal riots which could effectively control and contain the riot situation. It could thus be said that communal violence is based mainly on hatred, enmity and revenge.
The document summarizes several important social reform movements in India that emerged in response to liberal Western ideas in the 19th century. Key reformers included Raja Rammohan Roy, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, and Swami Vivekananda, who advocated for social and cultural changes like opposing idol worship, child marriage, caste discrimination, and promoting women's rights and education. Other notable reform movements mentioned include the Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, and movements led by figures such as Jyotirao Phule that fought against caste oppression and worked for women's empowerment. Muslim reformers like Syed Ahmed Khan also established schools
Satyagraha is a philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience developed by Gandhi. It is based on the concepts of truth, non-violence, and self-suffering. The goal is to achieve truth through non-violent means even in the face of violence or oppression. Truth is a relative concept defined as resolutions that fulfill human needs for freedom and integrity. Non-violent actions are used to test differing views of truth, and may lead to suffering being imposed on practitioners by opponents, to which practitioners refuse to retaliate and instead invite more suffering upon themselves.
The document summarizes the first wave of feminism in the 19th century, which focused mainly on gaining women's right to vote. It discusses key leaders and events like the Seneca Falls Convention led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. While the 19th Amendment granted women's suffrage in 1920, the feminist movement still faced opposition and a lack of support for women's roles outside the home during this period.
The document discusses important social reform movements in India during the 19th century that aimed to purify Indian society and create cultural consciousness. Some of the key reform movements mentioned include Brahmo Samaj (1828) founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Arya Samaj (1875) founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Ramakrishna Mission (1897) founded by Swami Vivekananda, and Prarthana Samaj (1867) founded by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang. The reform movements worked towards abolishing social evils like sati, child marriage, untouchability and promoting women's education and rights. However, some of the
The Indian Society for centuries suffered from so many social evils. The chief among them are â Caste System, Deplorable condition of women, illiteracy, Child Marriage, Idol Worship, The Sati System, Polygamy, The dowry System etc.
The document provides an overview of the history and key aspects of feminism. It discusses feminism as comprising social, cultural, and political movements for gender equality and women's rights. It outlines the three waves of western feminist movements - first wave in the late 19th century focused on suffrage, second wave from the 1960s-1980s on legal and social rights, and third wave from the 1980s-2000s on representation of women in government. Key figures and ideas that shaped each wave are also mentioned such as Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex influencing second wave feminism.
The Swadeshi Movement is an economy strategy
aimed at removing the British empire from power
and improving economics conditions in India.
5 phases of Swadeshi Movement:
- 1852 to 1904: Known as first Swadeshi Movement.
- 1905 to 1917: This phase began because of the partition of Bengal.
- 1918 to 1947: Rise of Indian industrialists.
- 1948 to 1991: Widespread curbs on international and interstate trade.
- 1991 onwards: Liberalization and Globalization and Growth of Industrialization.
Lokmanya Tilak
Role of patriarchy in the suffering of womenamnanazir11
Â
The document discusses the role of patriarchy in the suffering of women. It defines key terms like gender discrimination, patriarchy, and women's subordination. It notes that patriarchy refers to male domination in both public and private spheres. Under patriarchy, women experience subordination through issues like son preference, burden of household work, lack of education, and lack of freedom. However, modern women have gained more independence and equality compared to women in early ages and history, though patriarchal societies still exist worldwide and negatively impact women. The document concludes that while situations for women have improved over time with events like women's suffrage movements, continued efforts are still needed in some places to establish true gender equality.
A womens movement_-the_anti_arrack_movemRekha Pande
Â
The document summarizes a presentation about the anti-arrack movement in India led by women. It discusses how (1) the women's movement began as a social reform effort in the 19th century and grew in response to lack of improvement in women's status after independence, (2) the anti-arrack movement specifically targeted liquor made from molasses that was fueling alcoholism, domestic violence, and corruption, and (3) through literacy programs, protests, and roadblocks, women successfully pressured the government to ban arrack in 1993, though prohibition policies were later reversed due to economic and political pressures.
this presentation deals with the issue of political participation of women in India, need for political participation of women, steps taken by government and problems encountered by women
India has a population of over 1.17 billion people, making it the second most populous country in the world. It is also the world's largest democracy and has a diverse population with over 20 official languages and many distinct religious and cultural groups. Some key aspects of India's identity include its cultural, religious, regional and linguistic diversity as well as important national symbols and landmarks like the Taj Mahal.
This document discusses feminism and provides definitions of key terms. It explains that feminism seeks to end sexism and oppression of women. Different types of feminism are outlined, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, intersectional feminism, and postcolonial feminism. Islamic feminism is discussed as seeking rights and justice for women through an Islamic framework by questioning patriarchal interpretations of Islamic teachings. The document emphasizes that feminism takes many forms and that women experience oppression differently based on various factors.
This document discusses the struggle of Dalit women in India to gain land rights and ownership. It notes that historically, Dalits have been denied access to land and education under the Hindu social order. Today, over 260 million Dalits live in underdeveloped areas, with less than 10% having access to basic amenities. Dalit women in particular face extreme discrimination and threats of violence. They have very little control over land, which is mostly owned by dominant castes. The document calls for specific policies and legal protections to guarantee Dalit women's equal rights to land inheritance, ownership, and protection from eviction. It emphasizes the need for education, research, and advocacy efforts to empower Dalit women and address this ongoing social justice issue
Second wave feminism occurred in the 1960s-1970s and focused on improving women's rights in the workplace such as equal pay, employment opportunities, and freedom from sexual harassment. It also aimed to increase reproductive rights and challenge traditional gender roles that restricted women to domestic duties. Protests and lobbying achieved some successes like equal pay laws, but discrimination persisted and the movement continued pushing for full legal equality and choice over women's lives.
The movement for women's rights in Bangladesh developed in three phases:
1) Early reforms in the 19th century focused on issues like sati and widow remarriage. Pioneers included Begum Rokeya who established the first school for Muslim girls.
2) In the 1920s-1940s, women played active roles in nationalism and organizations were formed to promote women's issues.
3) Since independence in 1971, the movement has grown institutionally through participation in international conferences, formation of groups like Bangladesh Mahila Parishad, and government initiatives like the Women Development Board. Current issues include workplace safety, family law reforms, and challenging patriarchal norms.
SC ST (schedule caste ,Schedule Tribe)welfareRahul Mahida
Â
The document discusses the caste system and issues facing scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST) in India. It begins by explaining the origins and role of the caste system in Hinduism. It then defines SC as economically and socially backward castes treated as "untouchable", and ST as indigenous tribal groups. The document outlines many problems faced by SC and ST communities, such as poverty, lack of education, land alienation, and health issues. It also discusses constitutional protections and government programs for their welfare and upliftment.
The phenomenon of female culture in closed communitiessandhya mannala
Â
Journey of a women from ancient times to modern times. Gender socialization is the process by which individuals are taught how to socially behave in accordance with their assigned gender.
This document discusses the role of mass media in empowering women in India. It provides context on the status of women in India and some of the key issues they face including gender inequality, wage discrimination, crimes against women, underrepresentation in leadership positions, health issues, and gaps in education levels. It then discusses how alternative media like community radio and grassroots campaigns can help empower women by giving them a voice. It also summarizes some recommendations from committees on how media can positively portray women and raise awareness of women's issues.
1. Women in India face many problems such as violence, discrimination, female feticide, issues with education, child marriage, employment challenges, and harassment.
2. The major causes of these problems include patriarchal social norms that see women as subordinate to men, lack of opportunities and unequal power relations between men and women.
3. Proposed solutions include improving healthcare, education, and legal protections for women as well as increasing political and media representation to empower women.
Gender inequality has historically disadvantaged women through discrimination and lack of legal rights. Women faced obstacles in professional life, education, healthcare, and political participation. They also experienced high rates of violence. Feminist theories analyze how gender differences, inequality, and oppression impact women's status in society. While progress has been made through movements and legislation, gender inequality persists in many areas around the world today.
The document discusses the status of women in India from ancient times to the present. It begins by noting that women had equal status with men in ancient India and held prominent positions, but their status deteriorated during the medieval period with the rise of practices like sati and child marriage. While women excelled in some fields, gender inequality increased under British colonial rule and the introduction of practices like purdah. Reformers in the 19th century worked to improve conditions for women. The document then outlines continuing issues related to health, education, employment, and violence facing women in India today despite constitutional guarantees of equality and women's advancement in some areas.
The document discusses issues related to women's safety, empowerment, and equality in India. It provides statistics showing India ranks poorly in areas like safety, child marriage, rape, and female literacy. It argues the root cause is patriarchy and the systemic oppression of women from birth until death. Some key issues highlighted include lack of safety, financial independence, healthcare access, involvement in public life, and gender-biased laws and implementation. Solutions proposed include progressive gender-friendly legislation, increased financial support for women's programs, establishing a new empowerment commission to protect and advocate for women's rights, and raising awareness about women's rights.
Women empowerment is the process of increasing women's capacity to make choices and transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes. It aims to promote women's participation in all areas through building stronger economies, improving quality of life, and achieving gender equality. The document outlines issues faced by women in India such as gender discrimination, lack of education, dowry practices, and atrocities. It discusses national laws and policies aimed at empowerment as well as facts about women's participation. Suggested ways to achieve empowerment include self-help groups, government schemes, microfinance, self-employment, and changing social attitudes. The conclusion states that until women have equal opportunities as men, societies will underperform their potential.
It include history of women, principles of women empowerment, stages, six S, need of women empowerment, changes in women empowerment, acts in women empowerment, programmes for women, different projects, constraints of women empowerment, measurement of women empowerment, conclusion.
This document discusses women empowerment in India. It defines women empowerment as granting women freedom from discrimination and the ability to make their own life choices. It outlines the historical status of women in India from ancient to modern times. Key dimensions of empowerment are political/legal and economic/social. Stages of empowerment include powerless to leadership. Measurement indices include the Gender Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, and Gender Inequality Index. Projects aim to promote education, health, self-reliance, and equality for women.
1) The document discusses the concept of the "feminization of poverty", which refers to women representing a disproportionate percentage of the world's poor.
2) Key causes of the feminization of poverty include lack of income due to lower wages and care responsibilities for women, as well as gender biases in societies and governments that deprive women of opportunities.
3) Single mother households, who have only two-thirds the income of male-headed households, are particularly at high risk of poverty due to lack of resources.
This document discusses gender, patriarchy, and women's movements in India. It notes that most societies historically viewed women as inferior and subjected them to unpaid labor and discrimination. Patriarchy operates through social structures that oppress women, including unequal treatment in the household, labor market, politics, and culture. Women's movements in India emerged as part of 19th century social reforms and later fought for women's rights, voting rights, and reforms to discriminatory personal laws. The document analyzes how religions, economic systems, and the internalization of patriarchal values have perpetuated women's subordination in India.
This document discusses women's empowerment and the status of women in Indian society from a historical perspective. It defines empowerment and women's empowerment, and notes that empowerment is the process of gaining power and control over one's life. Historically, women had high status in ancient India but this declined, and their status improved somewhat during British rule due to social reformers. Modern India has seen increased rights for women, though empowerment faces ongoing challenges. Key aspects of empowerment include education, self-confidence, access to resources and power over one's own life. Government schemes and projects aim to promote empowerment.
Women empowerment. community health nursingDONABIBIN
Â
1. The document discusses the status of women in India, both historically and currently, and defines women's empowerment.
2. It outlines areas of empowerment like social, economic, political, educational, and psychological empowerment.
3. It lists factors affecting women's empowerment like gender discrimination, education, mass media, changes in women's attitudes, and organizations providing awareness programs.
The document discusses women empowerment in India. It outlines several problems faced by women, including gender discrimination, lack of education, female infanticide, dowry, child marriage, and violence. Rural women in particular face issues like poverty, lack of mobility, and financial constraints. The document calls for addressing the status of women through education, awareness, self-help groups, government schemes, and promoting self-employment to empower women and take them "out of the darkness of life."
This document provides an overview of women empowerment in India. It discusses the meaning of empowerment and the status of women in Indian society throughout history. It outlines the need for empowerment, principles, stages, dimensions, and ways to achieve empowerment. It also examines constraints, measurements like GDI, GEM, GII, and GPI. Finally, it discusses relevant acts and government programs to promote women empowerment in India.
This Presentation is all about Gender Equality and Women Empowerment. All the Government steps and all the major problems faced by women are in this presentation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Â
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
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An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
2. BRIEF
BACKGROUND
âĸ For many years, India relied on a Caste system.
âĸ Currently issues of severe poverty coupled with the
extreme wealth.
âĸ 48% women.
âĸ Women make 22% of the labor force.
âĸ Women make up 85.5% of agricultural labor.
4. PHASE 1
âĸ Phase one is marked Britain's colonization of India in
around 1850
âĸ Conversion from Hinduism to Christianity is a
complex matter, with a lot of gender differences.
âĸ Women following men, or women attempting a
reprieve strict gender roles associated with
Hinduism.
âĸ Worked to Combat Sati, infanticide, property rights,
and education. Also strict gender roles of Hindi
tradition was addressed.
5. PHASE 2
âĸ Phase two is marked by Gandhijiâs resistance to the
British Rule
âĸ MAHATMA Gandhiji allowed women to participate in
resistance to the British Raj, giving them the public sphere.
Said to be the start of âtrueâ feminsim.
âĸ Education, working class women, very anti-colonial.
6. FIVE YEAR
PLAN
âĸ A type of welfare system designed to empower women
through means of education, health care, and other aid.
âĸ Became an âinclusionaryâ system, meaning women were
included in the process as participants instead of
recipients.
âĸ Paved way for other womenâs organizations from there on.
7. PHASE 3
âĸ Marked by Indiaâs independence from Britain in 1947 until
now.
âĸ Sexual divide in workplace, class
consciousness, patriarchy within religious law,
female infanticide, violence against women.
9. WOMEN IN
POVERTY
âĸ The Dalit movement
-Dalits banned together in order to address issues within
impoverished areas such as inequality in labor, women being
used as âcheap capitolâ, lack of education and the high rates of
violence against women.
Mahila Samakhya Karnataka (MSK) program.
âĸ Uses inclusionary methods.
âĸ Education programs for women and children
âĸ Poverty alleviation programs
âĸ Programs designed specifically for rural women
10. SON PREFERANCE
AND SEX-SELECTIVE
ABORTIONS
âĸ Strong patrilineal traditions in some areas of India have
caused men to desire a male child.
âĸ Dowry also plays a role.
âĸ Women are often seen as a burden.
âĸ Sex-Selective abortions are often coerced or forced by
husbands, family members or the community itself.
âĸ If abortion is not the route taken, female children often
become neglected in these types of circumstances.
âĸ Sex ratio has declined.
11. SON
PREFERENCE
CONâT..
âĸ Organizations designed to stop sex selective abortions in
India tend to be Christian organizations from the United
States.
âĸ Rely on the ideal that abortion itself is wrong rather than trying
to fight against the underlying cause of the abortions
happening in India in this context.
12. SEX
TRAFFICKING
âĸ There isnât an exact number of how many women are
trapped in the sex slave trade in India, but it is in the upper
millions.
âĸ Prostitution is not considered legal in India however, it
is often over looked by authority.
âĸ There is a divide between feminists who say sex
trafficking may carry too negative of a connotation when
considering women who chose sex work for themselves.
13. INTERNATIONAL
JUSTICE MISSION
(IJM)
âĸ Possibly the most known and arguably successful anti
sex trafficking organization.
âĸ Has social workers, lawyers and government authority
forces working for them
âĸ Four point model
âĸ Relief, Perpetrator Accountability, Aftercare,
Governmental
transformation
14. SEX
TRAFFICKING
CONâTâĻ
Even though there are multiple large organizations that fight
against sex trafficking, getting women out of the brothels is
extremely difficult.
âĸ Most have been involved since birth and often see it as
normal life.
âĸ Once out of the brothels, work is impossible or at least scarce
to find due to Dalit status.
âĸ Owners of the brothelâs are often dangerous and know where
to hide women.
15. INDIAN
FEMINISM PROS
AND CONS
Pros
âĸ Has sense of collectiveness rather than individuality.
âĸ Importance of âmotherhood.â
Cons
âĸ Critiqued for having too much western influence
âĸ Critiqued for focusing too much on upper class womenâs
needs and ignoring lower classes, generally.
16. Sources:-
Anagol, Padma. The Emergence of Feminism in India: 1850-
1920. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005. Print.
Ganesamurthy, V. S. Empowerment of Women in India:
Social, Economic, and Political. New Delhi: New
Century Publications, 2008. Print.
Subramaniam, Mangala. The Power of Women's Organizing:
Gender, Caste, and Class in India. Lanham, MD:
Lexington, 2006. Print.
âInternational Justice Mission |." International Justice
Mission |. Web. 08 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.ijm.org/>.