ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN CASTING DEFECTS AND REJECTION ANALYSIS: A STUDY IN AN ...ijiert bestjournal
Casting process is the most widely used process in manufacturing industries especially in automotive products. Production of casting involves various pr ocesses like pattern making,molding,and core maki ng and melting. It is very difficult to produce defect fre e castings. A defect may be the result of a single cause or a combination of causes. The castings may have one or more defects. Foundries are still using trial and error methods to solve quality problems. There are benefi ts of using a more disciplined approach to define,identify and determine the root cause of the defect which is an expensive and error-prone process. This project is about new devolvement for identification of defects for 4 R cylinder block which is presently having a 40% or more percent rejection in Kirloskar ferrous industrial l td,Solapur. This project also presents a methodolo gy in rejection level percent by using scientific study o n casting defects. Various casting quality improvement techniques such as;P roduct Process Search analysis (PPS) Inspection method,Design of Experiment (DOE),and by using a Casting simulation software and by finding out the c ause-effect diagram. This project presents a review on literature of different methods adopted by many foundries to reduce the percent of rejecti on. A new approach is proposed which may be helpful for f oundries for controlling and reducing the defects.
Casting defects/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Casting laws/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Evolution of casting machines final /orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Casting procedures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN CASTING DEFECTS AND REJECTION ANALYSIS: A STUDY IN AN ...ijiert bestjournal
Casting process is the most widely used process in manufacturing industries especially in automotive products. Production of casting involves various pr ocesses like pattern making,molding,and core maki ng and melting. It is very difficult to produce defect fre e castings. A defect may be the result of a single cause or a combination of causes. The castings may have one or more defects. Foundries are still using trial and error methods to solve quality problems. There are benefi ts of using a more disciplined approach to define,identify and determine the root cause of the defect which is an expensive and error-prone process. This project is about new devolvement for identification of defects for 4 R cylinder block which is presently having a 40% or more percent rejection in Kirloskar ferrous industrial l td,Solapur. This project also presents a methodolo gy in rejection level percent by using scientific study o n casting defects. Various casting quality improvement techniques such as;P roduct Process Search analysis (PPS) Inspection method,Design of Experiment (DOE),and by using a Casting simulation software and by finding out the c ause-effect diagram. This project presents a review on literature of different methods adopted by many foundries to reduce the percent of rejecti on. A new approach is proposed which may be helpful for f oundries for controlling and reducing the defects.
Casting defects/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Casting laws/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Evolution of casting machines final /orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Casting procedures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Special Casting Processes
Centrifugal Casting
Semi centrifugal casting
Centrifuging
Die Casting
Gravity Die Casting
Pressure die casting
Hot chamber die-casting:
Submerged plunger die casting
Air blown or goose neck die casting machine
Investment Casting
Defects in Casting
Blow holes Casting Defects
Shrinkage
Crack
Inclusions
Lift and shift
Swell
Fins
Misrun and cold shut
Metal Penetration
Hard spot
Run out
Drop
Warpage
Dota 2 Game Dota 2 is a free-to-play multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. The game is the stand-alone sequel to Defense of the Ancients (DotA), which was a community-created mod for Blizzard Entertainment's Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and its expansion pack, The Frozen Throne. Dota 2 is played in matches between two teams of five players, with each team occupying and defending their own separate base on the map. Each of the ten players independently controls a powerful character, known as a "hero", who all have unique abilities and differing styles of play. During a match, players collect experience points and items for their heroes in order to successfully battle the opposing team's heroes, who are attempting to do the same to them. A team wins by being the first to destroy a large structure located in the opposing team's base, called the "Ancient".
In the dimly lit conference room, the hum of anticipation fills the air as the audience settles into their seats, eager to delve into the intricate world of welding defects. The projector flickers to life, casting a brilliant glow onto the screen, where a meticulously crafted slide presentation awaits. Each slide is a gateway into the complex realm of welding imperfections, a journey through the pitfalls and challenges faced by welders every day.
The first slide materializes, its title bold and commanding: "Understanding Welding Defects." As the presenter begins to unravel the intricacies of the topic, images of porosity dance across the screen, their irregular patterns a stark reminder of the importance of proper gas shielding. The audience leans in, captivated by the visual representation of gas pockets trapped within the weld, a flaw that compromises structural integrity.
Transitioning to the next slide, the focus shifts to another common defect: lack of fusion. Here, the audience is confronted with images of incomplete weld penetration, a consequence of inadequate heat input or improper technique. As the presenter elaborates on the causes and consequences of this flaw, murmurs of realization ripple through the room, punctuated by nods of understanding.
With each successive slide, the presentation delves deeper into the myriad challenges encountered in the world of welding. Cracks, undercutting, and spatter are dissected with precision, their origins and implications laid bare for all to see. Through meticulously curated visuals and insightful commentary, the audience gains a newfound appreciation for the complexities of the craft.
Yet, amidst the exploration of defects, a thread of optimism weaves its way through the presentation. Each flaw serves not only as a cautionary tale but also as an opportunity for growth and improvement. As the presenter concludes the presentation, the final slide emblazoned with the words "Continuous Improvement," a sense of determination fills the room.
Armed with newfound knowledge and insight, the audience disperses, their minds buzzing with possibilities. For in the world of welding, as in life, it is not the presence of defects that defines us, but rather our ability to acknowledge them, learn from them, and emerge stronger as a result. And as the lights dim and the projector fades to black, the echoes of the presentation linger, a reminder of the power of knowledge and the promise of progress.
As the lights in the conference room slowly brightened, the audience departed with a renewed sense of purpose, their minds buzzing with newfound insights and their resolve strengthened to confront the complexities of welding defects head-on. And as they stepped out into the world beyond, they carried with them not only the lessons learned from the presentation but also the indomitable spirit of innovation and perseverance that defines the welding profession.
The presentation reached its climax and had to be finish
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...
Shubhma mp2
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Production of castings involves a large number
of steps including casting design, pattern making,
moulding, melting, pouring, shake out, fettling,
inspection and finishing.
• It is not uncommon for one or more of these steps
to be performed unsatisfactorily due to use of
defective material or equipment, carelessness of
the operator or lack of skill.
• Such unsatisfactory operations result in a
defective casting which may be rejected at the
final stage.
3. • Since reclamation of defective castings is
often costly and sometimes outright impossible,
care should be taken to avoid the occurrence of
the defects in the first instance.
• It is therefore necessary to understand the
various defects that occur in sand castings and
the main factors that are responsible for their
occurrence
4. • Some of the common defects are described
below.
1. Open Blows and Blow Holes
2. Pin Hole Porosity
3. Entrapped Air and other gases
4. Cracked Casting
5. Bent or Twisted Casting
6. Dropped Mould
7. Fusion
8. Swell
9. Run out
10. Mismatch
11. Mis-run and Cold Shut
12. Shrinkage-Faults
5. 13. Rat Tail and Buckles
14. Core Shift
15. Inclusions
16. Cuts and Washes
17. Metal penetration
18. Hard Spots
19. Scabs
20. Hot tears
6. Misrun and Cold Shut:
• A misrun is caused when the section thickness
of a casting is so small or the pouring
temperature so low that the entire section is
not filled before the metal solidifies.
7. • Cold shut is caused when two streams of metal
which are too cold meet but do not fuse
together.
• Misrun and cold shut can be minimized by
proper design of casting, providing suitable
gating and risering and using correct
temperature of the melt
8. Shrinkage Faults:
• Shrinkage faults are faults caused by improper
directional solidifications, poor gating and
risering design and inadequate feeding.
• Solidification leads to volumetric contraction
which must be compensated by feeding. If this
compensation is inadequate either surface
shrinkage or internal shrinkage defects are
produced making the casting weaker.
9. • Shrinkage faults can be reduced by providing proper
gating system, pouring at correct temperature and taking
care of directional solidification.
10. Rat Tail and Buckles:
• Rat tails and buckles are caused by the expansion of a
thin outer layer of moulding sand on the surface of the
mould cavity due to metal heat.
• A rat tail is caused by depression of a part of the
mould under compression which appears as an irregular
line on the surface of the casting.
• A buckle is a more severe failure of the sand surface
under compression.
• The mould must provide for proper expansion instead
of forming compressed layers to avoid this defect.
11. Core Shift:
• A core shift results from improper support or
location of a core.
• It results in a faulty cavity or hole in the
casting.
• It can be reduced by providing proper support
for cores and correct alignment with the mould.
12. Cuts and Washes:
• Cuts and washes are caused by erosion of mould
and core surfaces by the metal flowing in the
mould cavity.
• These defects are avoided by proper ramming,
having sand of required strength and controlling
the turbulence during pouring.
13. Metal penetration:
• If the sand grains used are very coarse or the
metal poured has very high temperature the
metal is able to enter the spaces between sand
grains to some distance. Such sand becomes
tightly wedged in the metal and is difficult to
remove.
• The remedy is to remove the causes mentioned
above.
14. Hard Spots:
• Hard spots are caused
by chilling action of
moulding sands in some
metals like gray cast
iron with insufficient
silicon.
• These spots are
extremely hard and
often lead to machining
difficulties.
• Hard spots are avoided by providing uniform
cooling and pouring at the right temperature.
15. Scabs:
• Scabs are rough, irregular projections on
surface of castings containing embedded sand.
• Scabs occur when a portion on the face of
mould or core lifts and metal flows underneath
in a thin layer.
• They are caused by using too fine sand grains
or using sand of low permeability or moisture
content.
• They may also be caused by uneven mould
ramming or by intense local overheating.
16. • Scabs can be reduced by mixing additives like
sea coal, wood flour or dextrin in the sand,
providing uniform ramming and pouring with
correct velocity.
17. Hot tears:
• Hot tears are ragged irregular internal or
external cracks occurring immediately after the
metal have solidified.
• Hot tears occur on poorly designed castings
having abrupt section changes or having no
proper fillets or corner radii. Wrongly placed
chills.
• Improper placement of gates and risers or
incorrect pouring temperatures can also
produce hot tears.
18. • Hot tears are also caused by poor collapsibility
of cores.
• If the core does not collapse when the casting
is contracting over it stresses will be set up in
the casting leading to its failure.
• Hot tears can be eliminated by improved design,
proper directional solidification, and uniform
rate of cooling, correct pouring temperature and
control of mould hardness.